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Self-consistent Maxwell–Bloch model for highorder harmonic generation in nanostructured semiconductors

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Photonics Research 2022年第9期10卷 2099-2106页

作者： ANTON RUDENKO MARIA K.HAGEN JÖRG HADER STEPHAN W.KOCH JEROME V.moloney Arizona Center for Mathematical Sciences and Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonArizona 85721USA Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center Philipps-Universität MarburgMarburg 35032Germany

In pursuit of efficient high-order harmonic conversion in semiconductor devices,modeling insights into the complex interplay among ultrafast microscopic electron–hole dynamics,nonlinear pulse propagation,and field confinement in nanostructured materials are urgently ***,a self-consistent approach coupling semiconductor Bloch and Maxwell equations is applied to compute transmission and reflection high-order harmonic spectra for finite slab and sub-wavelength nanoparticle *** increase in the generated high harmonics by several orders of magnitude is predicted for gallium arsenide nanoparticles with a size maximizing the magnetic dipole *** as a conceptual and predictive tool for ultrafast spatiotemporal nonlinear optical responses of nanostructures with arbitrary geometry,our approach is anticipated to deliver new strategies for optimal harmonic manipulation in semiconductor metadevices.

关键词： harmonic Bloch Maxwell

Body temperature,activity patterns and hunting in free-living cheetah:biologging reveals new insights

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 30-47页

作者： robyn S.HETEM Duncan MITCHELL Brenda A.DE WITT Linda G.FICK Shane K.MALONEY Leith C.R.MEYER and Andrea FULLER School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Brain Function Research Group School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Medical SchoolParktownJohannesburgSouth Africa School of Human Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia Department of Paraclinical Science Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa

As one of the few felids that is predominantly diurnal,cheetahs(Acinonyx jubatus)can be exposed to high heat loads in their natural *** is known about long-term patterns of body temperature and activity(including hunting)in cheetahs because long-term concurrent measurements of body temperature and activity have never been reported for cheetahs,or,indeed,for any free-living *** report here body temperature and locomo-tor activity measured with implanted data loggers over 7 months in 5 free-living cheetahs in *** tem-perature ranged from a maximum of 39°C in summer to−2°C in *** had higher(~0.4°C)max-imum 24-h body temperatures,later acrophase(~1 h),with larger fluctuations in the range of the 24-h body temperature rhythm(approximately 0.4°C)during a hot-dry period than during a cool-dry period,but main-tained homeothermy irrespective of the climatic *** ambient temperatures increased,the cheetahs shifted from a diurnal to a crepuscular activity pattern,with reduced activity between 900 and 1500 hours and increased nocturnal *** timing of hunts followed the general pattern of activity;the cheetahs hunted when they were on the *** hunted if an opportunity presented itself;on occasion they hunted in the midday heat or in total darkness(new moon).Biologging revealed insights into cheetah biology that are not ac-cessible by traditional observer-based techniques.

关键词： Acinonyx jubatus heat stress nocturnal intraguild predators moonlight

Co-morbidity of malnutrition with falciparum malaria parasitaemia among children under the aged 6-59 months in Somalia:a geostatistical analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 714-722页

作者： Damaris K.Kinyoki Grainne M.moloney Olalekan A.Uthman Elijah O.Odundo Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala Abdisalan M.Noor Robert W.Snow James A.Berkley Spatial Health Metrics Group INFORM ProjectKenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeNairobiKenya Nutrition Section United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF)Kenya Country OfficeUN Complex GigiriNairobiKenya Warwick Medical School Health Sciences Research InstituteWarwick EvidenceUniversity of WarwickGibbet HillCoventry CV47ALUK Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit(FSNAU)-Somalia Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsNgecha Road CampusNairobiKenya Department of Mathematics and Information sciences Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of AgderKristiansandNorway Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme Centre for Geographic Medicine Research(coast)KilifiKenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordCCVTMOxford OX37LJUK

Background:Malnutrition and malaria are both significant causes of morbidity and mortality in African ***,the extent of their spatial comorbidity remains unexplored and an understanding of their spatial correlation structure would inform improvement of integrated *** aimed to determine the spatial correlation between both wasting and low mid upper arm circumference(MUAC)and falciparum malaria among Somalian children aged 6-59 ***:Data were from 49227 children living in 888 villages between 2007 to *** developed a Bayesian geostatistical shared component model in order to determine the common spatial distributions of wasting and falciparum malaria;and low-MUAC and falciparum malaria at 1×1 km spatial ***:The empirical correlations with malaria were 0.16 and 0.23 for wasting and low-MUAC *** spatial residual effects were statistically significant for both wasting and *** posterior spatial relative risk was highest for low-MUAC and malaria(range:0.19 to 5.40)and relatively lower between wasting and malaria(range:0.11 to 3.55).Hotspots for both wasting and low-MUAC with malaria occurred in the South Central region in ***:The findings demonstrate a relationship between nutritional status and falciparum malaria parasitaemia,and support the use of the relatively simpler MUAC measurement in *** spatial distribution and distinct hotspots present opportunities for targeted seasonal chemoprophylaxis and other forms of malaria prevention integrated within nutrition programmes.

关键词： Malnutrition Wasting Low-MUAC Malaria Comorbidity Somalia

The Value of Excipients and the Required Understanding of the Biological System in Product Development: An Impactful Example of Curaderm, a Topical Skin Cancer Treatment

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 68-87页

作者： Tania robyn Chase Kai Elliot Cham Bill Elliot Cham Australasian Medical Research Port Vila Republic of Vanuatu

The incidences of nonmelanoma skin cancer are increasing worldwide, and the ongoing war on its treatment necessitates the development of effective and non-invasive methods. Through basic and clinical research, non-invasive treatments like Curaderm have been developed, leading to improved quality of life for patients. Excipients, previously considered inactive ingredients, play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of topical formulations. The development of Curaderm emphasizes the importance of understanding the interactions between active ingredients, excipients, and the biological system to create effective and affordable pharmaceutical formulations. The systematic approach taken in the development of Curaderm, starting from the observation of the anticancer activity of natural solasodine glycosides and progressing through toxicological and efficacy studies in cell culture, animals, and humans, has provided insights into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of solasodine glycosides. It is crucial to determine these pharmacological parameters within the skin’s biological system for maximal effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a skin cancer treatment. Curaderm, as a topical treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer, offers benefits beyond those obtained from other topical treatments, providing hope for improved quality of life for patients.

关键词： Curaderm BEC Solasodine Glycosides Solamargine Apoptosis Skin Cancer Actinic Keratosis Keratoacanthoma Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Unique Clinical Features of Curaderm when Treating Skin Cancers

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第1期15卷 13-27页

作者： Tania robyn Chase Kai Elliot Cham Bill Elliot Cham Australasian Medical Research Port Vila Republic of Vanuatu

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer and the most frequently occurring form of all cancers. Conventional treatments to remove or destroy basal cell carcinoma are indiscriminate and also remove or destroy normal skin cells resulting in compromised cosmetic outcomes. Consequences of these treatments include body-image issues, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and poorer quality of social and family life. A progressive topical cream formulation, Curaderm, containing the natural BEC glycoalkaloids, have shown to have advantages over conventional treatments. However, comprehensive clinical features of the skin cancer lesions during treatment with Curaderm have to date not been reported. This report shows that using unpublished data from a large number of patients with varying sizes, types and locations of basal cell carcinomas when treated with Curaderm in a phase 3 trial, an initial increase in size of the lesions occur, followed by a reverse course, leading to complete removal of the skin cancer. The specificity and mode of action of Curaderm explains the superior cosmetic outcomes when compared with conventional therapies.

关键词： Curaderm Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma BEC Glycoalkaloids Conventional Treatments

Induction of osteoblast apoptosis stimulates macrophage efferocytosis and paradoxical bone formation

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Bone Research 2024年第3期12卷 634-647页

作者： Lena Batoon Amy Jean Koh Susan Marie Millard Jobanpreet Grewal Fang Ming Choo Rahasudha Kannan Aysia Kinnaird Megan Avey Tatyana Teslya Allison robyn Pettit Laurie K.McCauley Hernan Roca Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of MichiganSchool of DentistryAnn ArborMI 48109USA Mater Research Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4102Australia Department of Pathology University of MichiganMedical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Apoptosis is crucial for tissue homeostasis and organ *** bone,apoptosis is recognized to be a main fate of osteoblasts,yet the relevance of this process remains *** our murine model with inducible Caspase 9,the enzyme that initiates intrinsic apoptosis,we triggered apoptosis in a proportion of mature osteocalcin(OCN^(+))osteoblasts and investigated the impact on postnatal bone development.

关键词： development homeostasis bone

Temporal variation in cardiovascular disease risk predicted by albuminuria: An opportunity for clinical intervention?

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013年第1期3卷 22-27页

作者： Katina D’Onise robyn McDermott Adrian Esterman Bradley McCulloch Sansom Institute University of South Australia Adelaide Australia Tropical Regional Services Queensland Health and School of Public Health James Cook University Townsville Australia

Albuminuria predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events but it is likely to vary over time in a nonlinear fashion. The aim of this study was to estimate the potentially differing predictive effect of albuminuria on the risk of CVD or related death over time. Data were from a cohort study of 3505 predominately indigenous adults from remote communities in Queensland,Australia, 1999-2006. Cox Proportional Hazards model analysis of the predictive effects of urinary albumin creatinine ratio on the risk of CVD or CVD-related death was undertaken for incident and prevalent CVD. Analyses sequentially removed those who had a cardiovascular event or related death for the first year through to six years. The baseline prevalence of microalbuminuria was 21.2% and for macroalbuminuria 6.7%. The incidence of CVD was92 in13,812 person-years. Microalbuminuria predicted incident CVD with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 3.0 (95% CI 1.83 - 4.96) and for macroalbuminuria HR 10.8 (95% CI 6.58 - 17.68) and for those with pre-existing CVD, HR 2.6 (95% CI 1.65 - 3.97) and HR 9.7 (95% CI 6.38 - 14.82) respectively. People with macroalbuminuria who survived the first three years had a crude HR of an incident cardiovascular event or death of 13.0 (95% CI 6.45 - 26.39) to a peak of 32.3 (95% CI 8.55 - 121.77) for those who survived the first five years. The hazard appeared to drop in the 6th year although this is based on small *** first three years after finding macroalbuminuria provide a potential window opportunity to actively manage the risk of incident CVD before the risk elevates.

关键词： Cardiovascular Diseases Albuminuria Mortality Risk Factors Epidemiology

Assessing Doppler velocities of Rankin Inlet F-region echoes

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Advances in Polar Science 2013年第1期24卷 50-59页

作者： Alexander V Koustov Kale Colville robyn A D Fiori Mohsen Ghezelbash University of Saskatchewan Geomagnetic Laboratory of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)

Doppler velocities observed by the Rankin Inlet （RKN） PolarDARN radar are assessed with a focus on data in the beams oriented roughly along the magnetic meridian. Hourly scatter plots for every month are built. They are shown to vary widely, with median values showing very clear magnetic local time variation with maximum magnitude during pre-noon and pre-midnight hours. The histograms contain a significant amount of very small velocity data that dominates at farther ranges and during the daytime. Near noon data show generally antisunward flows but at large ranges/magnetic latitudes and very close to noon, sunward flows occur for periods of positive IMF Bz. The reverse flows are stronger during spring equinox. The velocity magnitude was found to depend linearly on the IMF Be and interplanetary electric field. Velocities are often found to be smaller than those expected from the statistical convection model of Ruohoniemi and Greenwald -1996.

关键词： PolarDARN radars Doppler velocity seasonal and magnetic local time variations

Development of an instrument to identify symptoms potentially indicative of ovarian cancer in a primary care clinic setting

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012年第3期2卷 183-191页

作者： M. robyn Andersen Barbara A. Goff Kimberly A. Lowe Exponent Health Sciences Seattle Washington Molecular Diagnostics Program Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle USA School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle Washington

Background: Several recently published studies suggest that screening for symptoms could improve the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. This report describes the development of a simple and reliable method of collecting symptom information in a primary care clinic. Methods: 1200 women, ages 40 - 87, completed several versions of a draft symptom index (SI) assessment form during their visits to a primary care clinic. Factors associated with a positive SI result were examined. Providers were surveyed about acceptability of the symptom screening procedures. Findings: Variation in the instructions provided to women influenced the rate at which women indicated having symptoms indicative of a positive SI, 5% had positive results when written instructions emphasized listing only current symptoms. Women coming to the clinic because of a current medical concern or problem did have higher rates of positive SI results, as did non-white women (p < 0.05). Acceptability by providers was high. Patients could independently complete the SI in under 5 minutes. One patient with a positive SI was diagnosed with ovarian cancer and none with a negative SI developed cancer. Interpretation: A quick paper and pencil form can be used to identify women with symptoms potentially indicative of ovarian cancer. Use of such a form for ovarian cancer screening purposes is acceptable to most women and providers in a primary care clinic setting.

关键词： Ovarian Cancer Symptoms