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Re.roductive.He.lth Ne.ds of Wome. Living with HIV/AIDS in Yaounde. Came.oon

World Journal of AIDS 2014年第1期4卷 8-14页

作者： robinson e. mbu William A. Takang Horte.ce.J. Foue.jio e.ane.Joan Flobe.t Y. Foue.ifack Flore.ce.N. Tumasang Re.e.ca N. Tonye.Robe.t J. I. Le.e De.artme.t of Obste.rics and Gyne.ology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon De.artme.t of Obste.rics and Gyne.ology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon De.artme.t of Obste.rics and Gyne.ology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Mate.nity Unit Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Mate.nity Unit Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

The.population plague. with the.HIV/AIDS pande.ic in Came.oon is young, a ge.e.ation that may de.ire.or control fe.tility. For those.who may be.ome.pre.nant, the.de.ire.to have.childre. may not be.the.e. We.carrie. out this study to look at the.picture.of the.re.roductive.he.lth ne.ds of wome. living with HIV/AIDS in our se.ting. In this cross-se.tional non-analytic de.ign that laste. for thre. ye.rs, we.e.ploye. both qualitative.and quantitative.me.hods to colle.t data from the. afte. re.e.ving e.hical cle.rance.(N221/CM/2009) from the.National e.hics Committe.. Conse.ting HIV infe.te. wome. who we.e.atte.ding the.“HIV Day Care. clinics and those.who de.ive.e. and we.e.in the.post partum wards in four of our major hospitals in Yaounde.we.e.e.rolle.. Inte.vie.s we.e.individualize.. We.use. both CSPro ve.sion 4.1 and Statistical Package.for Social Scie.ce. (SPSS) ve.sion 19.0 software. for data analysis. Four hundre. and fifte.n (415) wome. we.e.e.rolle.;the.me.n age.was 29 ± 7.8 ye.rs;the.most re.re.e.te. age.group was 24 -29 ye.rs. The. we.e.single.(36.14%), we.l e.ucate. (5 out of 10 had attaine. unive.sity le.e. of e.ucation), 61.20% re.e.le. that the.r partne.s kne. the.r HIV status, 82.4% be.ie.e. that scre.ning for cance. of the.ce.vix was ne.e.sary for the.r status and 47.70% would want to be.scre.ne. for some.or all STIs. About 36.86% had the.de.ire.to have.childre., 57.1% of those.who de.ive.e. did not plan to have.the.pre.nancie. out of which 82% would have.wante. a mode.n me.hod of contrace.tion but did not have.(82% unme. ne.ds). Mode.n contrace.tive.use.was associate. with age.and individual characte.istics such as le.e. of e.ucation. It was 64.34% among wome. who had se.ondary le.e. of e.ucation and be.ow as against 35.66% among those.who had high school le.e. of e.ucation and above. Contrace.tive.use.was also high among wome. who we.e.unmarrie. as against those.who we.e.marrie. (89.64% vs 10.36%). The.de.ire.to have.childre. de.re.se. as age.incre.se.

关键词： Re.roductive He.lth Ne.ds Family Planning Unme. Ne.ds Cance. of the Ce.vix Se.ually Transmitte. Infe.tions

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e.fe.ts of ge.tational we.ght gain on the.outcome.of labor at the.Yaounde.ce.tral hospital mate.nity, Came.oon

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Ope. Journal of Obste.rics and Gyne.ology 2013年第9期3卷 648-652页

作者： robinson e. mbu Horte.ce.J. Foue.jio Mpe. Tabot Fluorbe.t Y. Foue.ifack Flore.ce.N. Tumasang Re.e.ca N. Tonye.Robe.t J. I. Le.e De.artme.t of Obste.rics and Gyne.ology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Cameroon Mate.nity Unit Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Obe.ity rate. are.incre.sing in Came.oon. Obste.ric lite.ature.has re.e.tly focuse. on the.rising incide.ce.of complications with incre.se. in we.ght gain in pre.nancy. Some.of the.e.complications include.ge.tational diabe.e., hype.te.sive.disorde.s, ope.ative.de.ive.ie., ge.ital tract lace.ations and fe.al birth trauma. e.amining the.e.fe.ts of e.ce.s we.ght gain during the.course.of pre.nancy could he.p ide.tify we.ght gain limits. The.Institute.of Me.icine.(IOM) was re.omme.de. by the.World He.lth Organization (WHO) to de.e.op guide.ine. for we.ght gain during pre.nancy and we.de.igne. this study in orde. to de.e.mine.de.ive.y outcome. whe. we.ght is gaine. above.the.e.guide.ine.. We.also sought to know if the.e.guide.ine. are.applicable.in our e.vironme.t. In this cross-se.tional analytic de.ign, pre.pre.nancy and intra-partum BMIs we.e.calculate. for all the.parturie.ts who conse.te.. The. we.e.classifie. into normal we.ght gain and e.ce.sive.we.ght gain base. on IOM re.omme.dations. Those.in the.normal we.ght gain group we.e.wome. with BMIs that range. be.we.n 18.5 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2 and who gaine. 9 - 16 kgs. Those.who gaine. we.ght above.the.e.range.we.e.conside.e. as having gaine. e.ce.sive.we.ght during pre.nancy. The. we.e.all follow-up in labor using the.partogram. We.compare. pre.artum, intra-partum and post-partum outcome. in the.two groups by calculating odds ratios (ORs), 95% confide.ce.inte.vals and p value.. One.hundre. and te. (110) ove.we.ght wome. we.e.matche. against the.same.numbe. of wome. who had normal we.ght gain. The.e.was no significant diffe.e.ce.be.we.n social status, marital status as we.l as le.e. of e.ucational and we.ght gain in the.two groups. Unde.we.ght (BMI p = 0.048). Wome. who gaine. we.ght above.the.re.omme.de. range.suffe.e. from pre.clampsia 18.2% vs. 6.4% (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3 - 8.0, p = 0.014), highe. ce.are.n se.tion rate. 27.3% vs. 10% (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5 - 7.1, p = 0.002), highe. rate. of induce. labor 19.1% vs. 9.0% (O

关键词： Obe.ity Rate Ge.tational We.ght Gain Pre.nancy

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Mate.nal and Fe.al Outcome. of COVID-19 Pre.nant Wome. Followe. Up at a Te.tiary Care.Unit: A De.criptive.Study

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Ope. Journal of Obste.rics and Gyne.ology 2020年第10期10卷 1482-1491页

作者： Madye.A. Ngo Dingom e.gène.Sobngwi Félix e.sibe. Antoine.te.N. Assiga Yve. F. Wasnyo Anice. Ngate.Je.n C. Katte.Junie.Y. Ngaha Phile.on Nse. Charle. e. Sone.Brigitte.Wandji Gille. T. Libe.d Je.n J. Bisse.ou Filbe.t e. e.o Flore.t Y. Foue.ifack Glwadys Ngono Je.nne.Fouédjio Re.e.ca Tonye.Pie.re.Ongolo-Zogo Pie.re.J. Fouda robinson e. mbu Obste.rics and gyne.ology Unit Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon COVID 19 Unit Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon De.artme.t of Me.icine.and Biome.ical Scie.ce. University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon De.artme.t of Public He.lth University of Exeter Exeter UK De.artme.t of Obste.rics and Gyne.ology Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: The.SARS-CoV-2 and associate. corona virus dise.se.COVID-19 have.be.n de.lare. a pande.ic having a poor prognosis among individuals with de.ilitating conditions and those.who are.immune.compromise.. Curre.... 详细信息

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 and associated corona virus disease COVID-19 have been declared a pandemic having a poor prognosis among individuals with debilitating conditions and those who are immune-compromised. Current evidence is however limited on maternal and fetal transmission and pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to describe the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes in a group of pregnant women followed up at a tertiary care unit in Cameroon. Methods: This was an observational study conducted over a period of 3 months (April 1 to June 30, 2020) at the Yaounde Central Hospital. All pregnant women who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and who provided a signed written informed consent were included in the study. Results: Out of 83 pregnant women who presented with symptoms suspicious of COVID-19, 25 were tested positive. The median age of these women was 31 (27 - 35) years. A total of 76% consulted within 6 days of onset of symptoms and 68% had a gestational age greater than 28 weeks. The most common e."font-family:Ve.dana;">pre.e.ting complaint was fe.e. (88%)

关键词： COVID-19 Pre.nancy Mortality Outcome.

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De.e.minants of e.rly Survival of Bre.st Cance. Patie.ts in Yaoundé-Came.oon

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Ope. Journal of Obste.rics and Gyne.ology 2024年第3期14卷 487-501页

作者： Um e.the. Me.a Ngo Junie.Annick Me.ogo Ntsama Kodoumé Motolouze.Naomi Marie.Laure.e.Ndtoungou Schouame.Obale.ba e.ie.ne.Ate.gue.a Claude.Cyrille.Noa Ndoua robinson e.ow mbu Faculty of Me.icine.and Biome.ical Scie.ce. The University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Yaoundé Gyne.o-Obste.ric and Pe.iatric Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Hospital Ce.te. for Re.e.rch and Application in e.doscopic Surge.y and Human Re.roduction Yaoundé Cameroon Yaoundé Ge.e.al Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Bre.st cance. is one.of the.le.ding cause. of de.th worldwide. We.carrie. out this study with the.aim of e.aluating the.de.e.minants of e.rly survival of wome. with bre.st cance. in two hospitals in the.city of Yaoundé. Me.hodology: This was an analytical cross-se.tional study with re.rospe.tive.and prospe.tive.data colle.tion of bre.st cance. patie.ts during 6 ye.rs in two Hospitals of Yaoundé from January 2017 to De.e.be. 2022. We.consulte. the.file. in se.rch of e.ide.iological, clinical, paraclinical, the.ape.tic and survival variable.. We.comple.e. the.survival data dire.tly from the.patie.ts or the.r re.ative. afte. the.r conse.t. We.analyze. the.data using SPSS ve.sion 23.0 software. Survival analysis was done.using the.Kaplan-Me.e. me.hod and survival curve. we.e.compare. using the.Log Rank te.t. Factors influe.cing survival we.e.e.aluate. using the.Cox mode.. The.significance.thre.hold (P value. was se. at 0.05 at 95% confide.ce.inte.val. The.study was approve. by the.e.hics committe.s. Re.ults: We.include. 500 patie.ts whose.age. varie. be.we.n 22 and 83 ye.rs with a me.n age.of 47.19 ± 11.61 ye.rs. The.most re.re.e.te. age.group was 30 to 45 ye.rs old (45.8%). Le.s than half (41.6%) we.e.postme.opausal. The.most fre.ue.t re.son for consultation was a bre.st lump (79.9%). The.most common clinical stage.at pre.e.tation was stage.3 (47.6%). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the.most re.re.e.te. histological type.(84.7%). The.most re.re.e.te. histological grade.was grade.2 (40.2%). Immunohistoche.istry was pe.forme. in 34.20% of case.. The.most re.re.e.te. mole.ular subtype.was triple.ne.ative.(41.8%) followe. by Luminal A (30%). Conce.ning tre.tme.t, 17.2% did not re.e.ve.any, 45% had surge.y, 79.4% had che.othe.apy, 34.2% hormone.the.apy, and 14.6% radiothe.apy. The.survival of patie.ts with bre.st cance. at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ye.rs was re.pe.tive.y 90.6%;83.1%;74.2%;69.8% and 59.2%. The.me.ian survival was not re.che.;howe.e., the.first quartil

关键词： De.e.minants e.rly Survival Bre.st Cance. Yaoundé

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Clinical Pre.e.tation, The.ape.tic Aspe.ts and Re.ults of Uroge.tal Prolapse.in Yaounde

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Ope. Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 83-94页

作者： Junior Barthe.e.y Me.e.e.Me.e.e.Pie.re.Jose.h Fouda Marie.Josiane.Ntsama e.somba Je.n Ce.ric Fouda Marie.Salome.e.o’o Ne.e.Marce. Junior Yon Me.e.e.Achille.Y. Kpanou Bright Che.Awondo Philip Fe.nande. Owon’Abe.solo Marce.la Biyouma Achille.Aure.e.Mbassi robinson mbu robinson Fru Angwafo III De.artme.t of Urology and Andrology Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Me.icine.and Biome.ical Scie.ce. University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon De.artme.t of Surge.y Yaounde University Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Me.icine.and Pharmace.tical Scie.ce. Douala Douala Cameroon De.artme.t of Urology and Andrology Laquintini Hospital Douala Douala Cameroon De.artme.t of Obste.rics and Gynae.ology Yaounde Obstetrics Gynaecology and Pediatrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Uroge.ital prolapse.is the.de.ce.t of one.or more.e.e.e.ts of the.abdominal-pe.vic conte.ts into the.vaginal cavity. The.ante.ior, middle.and poste.ior anatomical compartme.ts may be.involve. giving rise.to se.e.al type. of ge.ital prolapse. Howe.e., the.e.are.various the.ape.tic modalitie. ranging from obse.vational proce.ure. to surge.y. In Yaounde. uroge.ital prolapse.appe.rs to be.a rare.clinical e.tity, and its tre.tme.t has not be.n cle.rly state.. The.e.is limite. data about this subje.t in our conte.t. Our aim was to study the.clinical and the.ape.tic aspe.ts of uroge.ital prolapse.in Yaounde. Me.hods: We.conducte. a de.criptive.cross-se.tional study with re.rospe.tive.data colle.tion at the.Yaounde.Gynae.ological Obste.ric and Pe.iatric Hospital (YGOPH) and the.Yaounde.Ce.tral Hospital (YCH) ove. a pe.iod of 05 months (from Fe.ruary 2022 to June.2022). All wome. age. ≥30 ye.rs and all wome. with docume.te. uroge.ital prolapse.admitte. to the.mate.nity and urology de.artme.ts of the.e.two he.lth facilitie. we.e.include.. Data we.e.colle.te. using a structure. que.tionnaire. Data was analyze. using IBM SPSS (statistical package.for social scie.ce.) software.ve.sion 23.0 and the.data we.e.re.orte. as me.n, standard de.iation, fre.ue.cie. and pe.ce.tage.. Re.ults: A total of 50 patie.ts we.e.re.ruite.;the.me.n age.was 45.8 ± 17 ye.rs. The.age.range.was from 21 to 72 ye.rs. Majority of the.patie.ts we.e.age. more.than 55 ye.rs (32%). Most of the.patie.ts atte.de. primary e.ucation (48%). Forty pe.ce.t of the.patie.ts we.e.house.ive.. The.majority of the.patie.ts we.e.from We.t Came.oon (26%). The.most common re.son for consultation was pe.vic he.vine.s (54%). The.most pre.ale.t clinical sign was cystoce.e.(56%), followe. by hyste.oce.e.(54%). According to the.Bade. Walke. classification, one.third of the.patie.ts we.e.classifie. as first de.re. (36%). More.than half (58%) of patie.ts had the.condition locate. at the.first stage. Surge.y was pe.form

关键词： Uroge.ital Prolapse Cystoce.e Hyste.oce.e Clinical Surge.y

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e.fe.t of the.Die.ary Substitution of Fish Me.l with Achatina fulica Me.t Me.l on the.Growth Pe.formance.and Production Cost of African Catfish (Clarias garie.inus) Finge.lings

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Ope. Journal of Animal Scie.ce. 2024年第2期14卷 123-136页

作者： Divine.e.ane.Ake.on Ake. Andoh Fide.is Narika Ambe.o Be.tha Anyizi Nke.nyi Mbe.g Ashu Arre. Be.e.icta Oshuware.Obe. Pius mbu Obe. De.artme.t of Animal Scie.ce Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon De.artme.t of Fishe.ie. and Aquatic Re.ource. Manage.e.t Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon De.artme.t of Ve.e.inary Me.icine Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Fishme.l is the.most pre.e.re. source.of prote.n in aquafe.ds, but it is e.pe.sive.and scarce. He.ce. Achatina fulica me.t me.l (AFM), which is much le.s pre.e.re. for human consumption out of thre. spe.ie. of African giant land snails, was te.te. as a fishme.l substitute.for Clarias garie.inus growth. Five.iso-nitroge.ous and iso-calorific die.s we.e.formulate., in which AFM substitute. fish me.l at 0% (control or Die. A), 25% (Die. B), 50% (Die. C), 75% (Die. D) and 100% (Die. e.. The.e.die.ary tre.tme.ts we.e.e.ch re.licate. thrice.in a comple.e.y randomize. de.ign e.pe.ime.t, using 36-L plastic tanks in which the.fish we.e.fe. daily rations corre.ponding to 5% of the.r body we.ght, for 8 we.ks. Wate. quality parame.e.s in the.tanks we.e.monitore.. Proximate.analyse. we.e.conducte. on the.fish me.l, snail me.l and e.pe.ime.tal die.s be.ore.the.fe.ding trials. Cost-be.e.it analysis of the.diffe.e.t die.s was pe.forme.. The.crude.prote.n conte.t of AFM (69.18%) was significantly highe. than that of fish me.l (55.81%). The.e.was no significant diffe.e.ce.(P > 0.05) in the.me.n we.ght gain, spe.ific growth rate. fe.d conve.sion ratio, prote.n e.ficie.cy ratio and survival rate.in fish fe. Die. A and Die. B. The.be.t prote.n e.ficie.cy ratio (0.77) was re.orde. in fish fe. Die. B. Furthe.more. the.survival rate.of fish incre.se. with incre.se. le.e.s of AFM substitution. Wate. quality parame.e.s we.e.within a suitable.range.for tropical fish culture. indicating that the.AFM did not pollute.the.wate.. The.fish fe. 25% AFM die. significantly (P Clarias garie.inus die.s at a 25% substitution le.e.. The.aquaculture.industry can thus e.ploit the.availability of this fe.d re.ource.

关键词： Fish Me.l Achatina fulica Me.t Me.l Aquafe.ds Clarias garie.inus

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A Baye.ian mode. calibration frame.ork for stochastic compartme.tal mode.s with both time.varying and time.nvariant parame.e.s

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Infe.tious Dise.se.Mode.ling 2024年第4期9卷 1224-1249页

作者： Brandon robinson Philippe.Bisaillon Jodi D.e.wards Te.yana Ke.dze.ska Mohammad Khalil Dominique.Poire. Abhijit Sarkar De.artme.t of Civil and e.vironme.tal e.gine.ring Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada School of e.ide.iology and Public He.lth University of Ottawa and University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada ICe. OttawaOntarioCanada The.Ottawa Hospital Re.e.rch Institute OttawaOntarioCanada De.artme.t of Me.icine Faculty of MedicineDivision of RespirologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada Quantitative.Mode.ing&Analysis De.artme.t Sandia National LaboratoriesLivermoreCAUSA De.artme.t of Me.hanical and Ae.ospace.e.gine.ring Royal Military College of CanadaKingstonONCanada

We.conside. state.and parame.e. e.timation for compartme.tal mode.s having both time.arying and time.invariant *** this manuscript,we.first de.ail a ge.e.al Baye.ian computational frame.ork as a continuation of our pre.ious ***,this frame.ork is spe.ifically tailore. to the.susce.tible.infe.tious-re.ove.(SIR)mode. which de.cribe. a basic me.hanism for the.spre.d of infe.tious dise.se. through a syste. of couple. nonline.r diffe.e.tial *** SIR mode. consists of thre. state.,name.y,the.susce.tible.infe.tious,and re.ove. *** coupling among the.e.state. is controlle. by two parame.e.s,the.infe.tion rate.and the.re.ove.y *** simplicity of the.SIR mode. and similar compartme.tal mode.s make.the. applicable.to many classe. of infe.tious ***,the.combine. assumption of a de.e.ministic mode. and time.invariance.among the.mode. parame.e.s are.two significant impe.ime.ts which critically limit the.r use.for long-te.m *** te.de.cy of ce.tain mode. parame.e.s to vary in time.due.to se.sonal tre.ds,non-pharmace.tical inte.ve.tions,and othe. random e.fe.ts ne.e.sitate. a mode. that structurally pe.mits the.incorporation of such time.varying *** to this,is the.ne.d for a robust me.hanism for the.e.timation of the.parame.e.s of the.re.ulting mode. from *** this e.d,we.conside. an augme.te. state.ve.tor,which appe.ds the.time.varying parame.e.s to the.original syste. state. whe.e.y the.time.e.olution of the.time.varying parame.e.s are.drive. by an artificial noise.proce.s in a standard *** be.we.n time.varying and time.invariant parame.e.s in this fashion limits the.introduction of artificial dynamics into the.syste.,and provide. a robust,fully Baye.ian approach for e.timating the.time.nvariant syste. parame.e.s as we.l as the.e.e.e.ts of the.proce.s noise.covariance.*** computational frame.ork is imple.e.te. by le.e.aging the.robustne.s of the.Markov chain Mont

关键词： Time.varying parame.e. e.timation Baye.ian infe.e.ce Stochastic compartme.tal mode.s

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Quantifying cold front induce. wate. transport of a bay with in situ obse.vations using manne. and unmanne. boats

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Acta Oce.nologica Sinica 2018年第11期37卷 1-7页

作者： We.KS e.die.robinson Mark e.LI Chunyan Coastal Studie. Institute Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University De.artme.t of Ge.graphy and Anthropology Louisiana State University

The.ge.e.ation of high-re.olution data is incre.singly important in unde.standing the.comple.itie. of coastal oce.n and de.e.oping sound manage.e.t strate.ie., e.pe.ially in vie. of the.long-te.m impact of se.e.e.we.the. syste.s. The.impact of se.e.e.we.the. syste.s, whe. inte.rate. ove. time. can be.significant whe. compare. with tidal oscillations. This pape. pre.e.ts a study of wate. transport out of Ve.milion Bay in re.ponse.to a short, inte.se.e.e.t associate. with a passing atmosphe.ic cold front, and re.orts the.application of an Acoustic Dopple. Curre.t Profile. （ADCP） mounte. on an Automate. Surface.Craft （ASC）, known as the.auto-boat or unmanne. boat, de.e.ope. in our lab at the.Louisiana State.Unive.sity, to ge.e.ate.high re.olution data accurate.y at a fraction of the.cost of a manne. boat. In our study, we.use. a manne. boat and an unmanne. boat, e.ch for ove. 24 h to cove. an e.tire.diurnal tidal cycle. to me.sure.flow ve.ocity profile. to calculate.the.total transport. A stationary ADCP was de.loye. in the.Southwe.t Pass of the.Ve.milion Bay from May 2009 to April 2012, providing data almost continuously （with only one.major gap）, with a 717-day re.ord of wate. transport be.we.n the.northe.n Gulf of Me.ico and Ve.milion Bay, and de.onstrate. the.importance.of the.pass in wate. transport.

关键词： cold fronts unmanne. boat Ve.million Bay Acoustic Dopple. Curre.t Profile. surve.s re.re.sion on transport

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Robust re.uction of graphe.e.fluoride.using an e.e.trostatically biase. scanning probe

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Nano Re.e.rch 2013年第11期6卷 767-774页

作者： Woo-Kyung Le. Stanislav Tsoi Ke.th e. White.e. Rory Stine.Je.e.y T. robinson Jonathon S. Tobin Asanka We.rasinghe.Paul e. She.han Se.ge. F. Lyuksyutov Division of Che.istry US Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC20375 USA NOVA Re.e.rch Alexandria Virginia 22308 USA Division of e.e.tronic Scie.ce.and Te.hnology US Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA The.Unive.sity of Akron Department of Physics Akron OH 44325 USA

We.re.ort a nove. and e.sily acce.sible.me.hod to che.ically re.uce.graphe.e.fluoride.（GF） she.ts with nanoscopic pre.ision using high e.e.trostatic fie.ds ge.e.ate. be.we.n an atomic force.microscope.（AFM） tip and the.GF substrate. Re.uction of fluorine.by the.e.e.tric fie.d produce. graphe.e.nanoribbons （GNR） with a width of 105-1,800 nm with she.t re.istivity drastically de.re.se. from 〉1 TΩ.sq.^-1 （GF） down to 46 kΩ.sq.^-1 （GNR）. Fluorine.re.uction also change. the.topography, friction, and work function of the.GF. Ke.vin probe.force.microscopy me.sure.e.ts indicate.that the.work function of GF is 180-280 me. gre.te. than that of graphe.e. The.re.uction proce.s was optimize. by varying the.AFM probe.ve.ocity be.we.n 1.2 μm.s^-1 and 12 μm.s^-1 and the.bias voltage.applie. to the.sample.be.we.n -8 and -12 V. The.e.e.trostatic fie.d re.uire. to re.ove.fluorine.from carbon is -1.6 ***-1. Re.uction of the.fluorine.may be.due.to the.softe.ing of the.C-F bond in this inte.se.fie.d or to the.accumulation and hydrolysis of adve.titious wate. into a me.iscus.

关键词： graphe.e.fluoride graphe.e e.e.trostatic lithography Ke.vin force.probe.icroscopy atomic force.microscopy-base. e.e.trostaticnanolithography(AFMe.)

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Pale.e.ological Re.ponse.of Corals to the.e.d-Triassic Mass e.tinction： An Inte.rational Analysis

引用

Journal of e.rth Scie.ce 2018年第4期29卷 879-885页

作者： Ge.rge.D Stanle. Jr Hannah M e.She.he.d Autumn J robinson Unive.sity of Montana Pale.ntology Ce.te. Missoula MT 59812 USA

The.e.d-Triassic （also Triassic-Jurassic） mass e.tinction se.e.e.y affe.te. life.on plane. e.rth 200 million ye.rs ago. Pale.climate.change.trigge.e. by the.volcanic e.uptions of the.Ce.tral Atlantic Magmatic Province.（CAMP） cause. a gre.t loss of marine.biodive.sity, among which 96% coral ge.e.a we.e.ge. lost. Howe.e., the.e.is pre.ious little.de.ail on the.pale.e.ology and growth forms lost be.we.n the.late.t Triassic e.tinction and the.e.rly Jurassic re.ove.y. He.e.a ne. pilot study was conducte. by analyzing corallite.inte.ration le.e.s among corals from the.late.t Triassic and e.rly Jurassic time.. Inte.ration le.e.s in corals from the.Late.Triassic and e.rly Jurassic we.e.de.e.mine. through both the.Pale.biology Database.as we.l as from a compre.e.sive.muse.m colle.tion of fossil corals. Re.ults sugge.t that in addition to a major loss of dive.sity following the.e.d-Triassic mass e.tinction, the.e.also was a significant loss of highly inte.rate. corals as cle.rly e.ide.ce. by the.coral data from the.e.rly Jurassic. This confirms our hypothe.is of pale.e.ological se.e.tivity for corals following the.e.d-Triassic mass e.tinction. This study highlights the.importance.of assigning sim- ple.to advance. pale.e.ological characte.s with inte.ration le.e.s, which ope.s a use.ul approach to unde.standing of mass e.tinction and the.dynamics of the.re.ove.y.

关键词： coral loss inte.ration le.e. e.d-Triassic mass e.tinction pale.e.ology

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