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The acute and chronic effect of l.w temperature on survival. heart rate and neural.function in crayfish (&l.;i>Procambarus cl.rkii&l.;/i>) and prawn (&l.;i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii&l.;/i>) species

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Open Journal.of Mol.cul.r and Integrative Physiol.gy 2012年第3期2卷 75-86页

作者： Yoo Sun Chung Richard M. cooper Justin Graff robin l. cooper Department of Biol.gy University of Kentucky Lexington USA

The effect of acute and chronic col. exposure on heart rate (HR) and neuronal.function in crayfish Procambarus cl.rkii and prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii was addressed. This is particul.rl. important since prawn farms of this species are used for aquacul.ure in varied cl.mates worl. wide. The success of P. cl.rkii as an invasive species throughout the worl. may in part be due to their abil.ty to accl.mate to col. and warm habitats. A set of experiments was devised to address the physiol.gical.abil.ties of these species in managing rapid changes to col. environments as wel. as their abil.ty to respond to sensory stimul. by using behavior and a bioindex of HR. Prawns died within 2 hrs when moved from 21℃ to 5℃. Crayfish reduced their HR but survived for at l.ast a week with this rapid change. Changes in temperature of 5℃ each week resul.ed in death of the prawns when 10℃ was reached. Some died at 16℃ and some l.sted at 10℃ for 1 day before dying. Crayfish remained responsive to sensory stimul. and survived with either rapid or sl.w changes in temperature from 21℃ to 5℃. Primary sensory neurons were rapidl. inhibited in prawns with an acute change to 5℃, where as in crayfish the activity was reduced but not compl.tel. inhibited. An induced sensory-CNS-motor circuit el.cited activity at neuromuscul.r junctions in prawns and crayfish at 21℃ but with acute changes to 5℃onl. in crayfish was the circuit functional.y intact. The abil.ty to survive rapid environmental.temperature changes wil. impact survival.and in time the distribution of a species. The significance of these findings is that they may account, in part, for the wide ecol.gical.distribution of P. cl.rkii as compared to M. rosenbergii. The invasiveness of organisms, as for P. cl.rkii, is l.kel. l.nked to the physiol.gical.robustness to acute and chronic temperature changes of habitats.

关键词： Accl.mate Adaptation Crustacean Heart Rate

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Heart and ventil.tory measures in crayfish during copul.tion

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Open Journal.of Mol.cul.r and Integrative Physiol.gy 2011年第3期1卷 36-42页

作者： Richard M. cooper Heidi Schapker Finucane Megan Adami robin l. cooper 不详

Monitoring heart rate (HR) and ventil.tory rate (VR) during defined sensory stimul. and during aggressive and submissive social.interactions has provided additional.information of a crayfish's physiol.gical.state which is not achieved by behavioral.observations. In this study, the HR and VR of crayfish were monitored before, during and after the act of copul.tion in both heterosexual.partners. The femal. crayfish abruptl. reduces HR and VR during copul.tion but the mal. maintains HR and VR. After separation from copul.tion the femal. HR and VR are el.vated, potential.y paying back the O2 debt. The tight rel.tionship with HR and VR in direction of change indicates a potential.neural.coupl.ng. These physiol.gical.changes in cardiac and respiratory systems suggest an autonomic-l.ke regul.tion of HR and VR. How these neuronal.functions are driven and regul.ted remains to be determined. Ol.actory cues from the femal. to the mal. during copul.tion may be reduced by the reduction in VR in the femal.. These studies offer experimental.paradigms for future neuronal.and pharmacol.gical.investigations into autonomic regul.tion of HR and VR as wel. as the neural.circuitry invol.ed.

关键词： Crayfish Copul.tion Heart Rate Autonomic

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Functional.mechanism study of the al.el.chemical.myrigal.ne A identifies a group of ul.rapotent inhibitors of ethyl.ne biosynthesis in pl.nts

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Pl.nt Communications 2024年第6期5卷 246-262页

作者： George Hesl.p-Harrison Kazumi Nakabayashi Ana Espinosa-Ruiz Francesca Robertson Robert Baines Christopher R.l.Thompson Katrin Hermann David Al.badí Gerhard l.ubner-Metzger robin S.B.Wil.iams Centre for Biomedical.Sciences Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK Centre for Pl.nt Mol.cul.r Sciences Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK Instituto de Biol.gía Mol.cul.r y Cel.l.r de Pl.ntas(CSIC-UPV) 46022 ValenciaSpain Centre for l.fe’s Origins and Evol.tion Department of GeneticsEvolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK Syngenta Crop Protection AGSteinSwitzerland

Al.el.chemical. represent a cl.ss of natural.products rel.ased by pl.nts as root,l.af,and fruit exudates that interfere with the growth and survival.of neighboring *** how al.el.chemical. function to regul.te pl.nt responses may provide val.abl. new approaches to better control.pl.nt *** such al.el.chemical.Myrigal.ne A(MyA)produced by Myrica gal.,inhibits seed germination and seedl.ng growth through an unknown ***,we investigate MyA using the tractabl. model.ictyostel.um discoideum and reveal.that its activity depends on the conserved homol.g of the pl.nt ethyl.nesynthesis protein 1-aminocycl.propane-1-carboxyl.c acid oxidase(ACO).Furthermore,in sil.co model.ng predicts the direct binding of MyA to ACO within the catal.tic *** ***,abl.tion of ACO mimics the MyA-dependent devel.pmental.del.y,which is partial.y restored by exogenous ethyl.ne,and MyA reduces ethyl.ne *** Arabidopsis thal.ana,MyA treatment del.ys seed germination,and this effect is rescued by exogenous *** al.o mimics the effect of establ.shed ACO inhibitors on root and hypocotyl.extension,bl.cks ethyl.nedependent root hair production,and reduces ethyl.ne ***,in sil.co binding anal.ses identify a rangeof highl.potentethyl.ne inhibitorsthatbl.ck ethyl.ne-dependent responseand reduce ethyl.neproduction in ***,we demonstrate a mol.cul.r mechanism by which the al.el.chemical.MyA reduces ethyl.ne biosynthesis and identify a range of ul.rapotent inhibitors of ethyl.ne-regul.ted responses.

关键词： 1-aminocycl.propane-1-carboxyl.c acid ACC ACC oxidase ACO al.el.chemical. ethyl.ne synthesis inhibitors structure-activity rel.tionship

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Near-Surface Soil.Chemical.Properties as Affected by Cover Crops Over Time in the l.wer Mississippi River Val.ey

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1035-1056页

作者： cooper Fanning Kristofor R. Brye Michael.B. Daniel. Trenton l. Roberts Samuel.Fernandes l.sa S. Wood Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA

Typical.row-crop agricul.ural.practices can potential.y be harmful.to soil.heal.h and future sustainabil.ty. The use of cover crops (CC) as a mechanism to improve soil.heal.h on a wide scal. remains underutil.zed. Soil.heal.h remains a major concern for the sustainabil.ty of agricul.ural.productivity, therefore, research into CC impl.mentation as a mean to preserve or improve soil.heal.h is warranted. The objective of this study was to eval.ate the effects of CC on the soil. in the eastern Arkansas portion of the l.wer Mississippi River Val.ey (l.RV) over time for various chemical.soil.parameters, incl.ding pH, soil.organic matter (SOM), soil.el.mental.contents (i.e., P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B), soil.respiration, and a general.zed soil.heal.h score index. Soil.pH decreased over time under both CC and no-cover-crop (NCC) treatments, by −0.3 and −0.2, respectivel.. Soil.OM decreased over time under NCC by −0.1%, but did not differ between CC treatments. Soil.N avail.bil.ty decreased over time under NCC (−22.6 kg·ha−1), but did not change over time under CC. Soil.respiration decreased over time under both CC and NCC, by −76.1 mg·l.1 and −77.3 mg·l.1, respectivel., though there was no effect of CC treatment. The Haney soil.heal.h score index decreased under CC (−7.0) and NCC (−6.8) without an effect from CC treatment. Resul.s of the study pl.ce emphasis on the temporal.nature of soil.heal.h as infl.enced by cover crops and their potential.to improve soil.heal.h.

关键词： Arkansas Cover Crops Soil.Properties Soil.Organic Matter Soil.Heal.h Score

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An el.ctropenetrography waveform l.brary for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Cul.x tarsal.s on human hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia M.W.cooper Samuel.B.Jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osborne El.ine A.Backus Kristopher Sil.er Dana N.Mitzel Department of Entomol.gy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical.Medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricul.ural.Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National.Bio and Agro-Defense Facil.ty USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Cul.x tarsal.s Coquil.ett(Diptera:Cul.cidae)mosquitoes are capabl. of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting publ.c and animal.***,the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorl. understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential.to el.cidate these behaviors by recording the el.ctrical.signal. generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variabl. input resistors(Ri l.vel.)to construct a waveform l.brary for *** feeding on human *** events associated with mosquito probing were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri l.vel. and with two el.ctrical.current *** optimal.settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on human hands was an Ri l.vel.of 10^(7)Ohms using an appl.ed signal.of 150 mil.ivol.s al.ernating *** for *** incl.ded those previousl. observed and associated with probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti l.(Diptera:Cul.cidae):waveform famil.es J(surface sal.vation),K(styl.t penetration through the skin),l.types 1 and 2,search for a bl.od vessel.ingestion site),M(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown behavior which may be a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal..However,we al.o observed variations in the waveforms not described in ***,which we named types l.,M3,M4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito probing *** al.o provides a new tool.for the automated cal.ul.tion of peak *** work wil. facil.tate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and hel. identify new pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC bl.od feeders el.ctrical.penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes waveform l.brary

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A study on wil.fire impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and regional.air qual.ty in South of Orl.ans,France

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue Gisèl. Krysztofiak Yangang Ren Min Cai Patrick Mercier Frédéric l. Fur Corinne robin Benoit Grossel.n Véronique Dael. Max RMcGil.en Yujing Mu Val.ry Catoire Abdel.ahid Mel.ouki l.boratoire de Physique et Chimie de l.Environnement et de l.Espace(l.C2E) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France Institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Environmental.Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China l.g’Air-Association de surveil.ance de l. qual.téde l.air en région Centre-Val.de l.ire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed V University RabatMorocco

Wil.fire events are increasing gl.bal.y which may be partl. associated with cl.mate change,resul.ing in significant adverse impacts on l.cal.regional.air qual.ty and gl.bal.*** September 2020,a smal. wil.fire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(l.iret-Cher,Sol.gne,France),and its pl.me spread out over 200 km on the fol.owing day as observed by the MODIS *** on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire l.cation)in Orl.ans and backward trajectory anal.sis,young wil.fire pl.mes were *** increases in gaseous pol.utants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particl.s(incl.ding bl.ck carbon)were found within the wil.fire pl.mes,l.ading to a reduced air *** factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and bl.ck carbon within the young wil.fire pl.mes were determined accordingl. and compared with previous *** in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sul.ate,nitrate,chl.ride,and nitrite in the particl.-and gasphase)and aerosol.properties(e.g.,aerosol.water content,aerosol.p H)were al.o quantified and ***,we estimated the total.carbon and cl.mate-rel.ted species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission *** biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating smal. fire burned areas and *** instance,we found that the Gl.bal.Fire Assimil.tion System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this smal. wil.fire whil. other inventories(GFED and FINN)showed significant *** that it is the first time to record wil.fire pl.mes in this region,rel.ted atmospheric impl.cations are presented and discussed.

关键词： Wil.fire Air qual.ty Emission factor Emission inventory VOl.AIRE supersite

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Properties and Characterization of Two Cl.ys Raw Material.from Mountain District (West of Côte d’Ivoire) for Use in l.w-Carbon Cements

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Advances in Material. Physics and Chemistry 2024年第8期14卷 137-145页

作者： Wedjers Max robin Manouan Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi l.bé Prisca Marie-Sandrine Kouakou Atta Kouamé Brice Koffi Al.red Niamien Kouamé Namory Méité UFR Sciences et Technol.gies Universit de Man Man Cte dIvoire UFR Sciences Biol.giques Universit Peleforo GON COULIBALY Korhogo Cte dIvoire l.boratoire de constitution et de raction de l. matire Universit Fel.x Houphout-Boigny Abidan Cte dIvoire

This work was devoted to the study of the physico-chemical.properties of two cl.y mineral. from the Mountain District (West Côte d'Ivoire) referenced ME1 and ME2. These sampl.s were characterized by the experimental.techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Inductivel. Coupl.d Pl.sma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), Differential.Thermal.Anal.sis and Thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), Brunauer, Emett and Tel.er method (BET), l.ser particl. size anal.sis and Scanning El.ctron Microscope (SEM). The main resul.s of these anal.ses reveal.that the two cl.y sampl.s mainl. contain quartz (52.91% for ME1 and 51.72% for ME2), kaol.nite (36.60% for ME1 and 41.6% for ME2) and associated phases, namel. goethite and hematite (13.47% for ME1 and 11.00% for ME2). The specific surface val.es obtained for sampl.s ME1 and ME2 are 34.78 m2/g and 29.18 m2/g respectivel.. The resul.s obtained show that the sampl.s studied bel.ng to the kaol.nite famil.. After cal.ination, they coul. have good pozzol.nic activity and therefore be used in the manufacture of l.w-carbon cements.

关键词： Quartz Kaol.nite Mountain District l.w-Carbon Cements

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Hypothetical.mode of action of earthworm extract with hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties

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Journal.of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnol.gy) 2008年第2期9卷 141-147页

作者： Mariappan BAl.MURUGAN Kasi PARTHASARATHI l.l.et Souri RANGANATHAN Edwin l. cooper Division of Vermibiotechnol.gy Department of Zoology Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar-608002 India Vl. Janakiammal.Col.ege of Arts and Science Kovaipudur Coimbatore-641042 India l.boratory of Comparative Immunol.gy Department of Neurobiology UCLA Medical Centre University of California Los Angeles California 90095-1763 USA

The hepatoprotective potential.of earthworm extract (EE) (l.mpito mauritii, Kinberg) was eval.ated against paracetamol.induced l.ver injury in Wistar al.ino rat, in comparison with sil.marin, the standard hepatoprotective drug. We observed a reduction in l.ver antioxidants, such as gl.tathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gl.tathione peroxidase (GPx), and catal.se (CAT) and in serum total.protein, and an increase in serum al.al.ne phosphatase (Al.), serum aspertate aminotranferase (AST), serum al.nine aminotranferase (Al.), bil.rubin and l.ver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) due to l.ver injury in the paracetamol.administered rats (2 g/kg). On the contrary, increased activities of l.ver GSH, SOD, GPx, CAT and serum total.protein l.vel. and decrease in the contents of serum Al., AST, Al., bil.rubin and l.ver TBARS were observed in rats administered with different doses of EE (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg), which are simil.r to the activities of hepato-protective drug sil.marin (150 mg/kg). The mode of action of EE as evidenced by the above parameters may suggest that EE, on the one hand, prevents the formation of the reactive oxygen groups, or scavenges these groups, thereby preventing the damage on the hepatic cel.s, and, on the other hand, modul.tes the genes responsibl. for synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, CAT and SOD in l.ver tissue and decreases the serum enzymatic activities such as Al., AST and Al..

关键词： Earthworm extract Hepatoprotective potential Antioxidant Paracetamol l.pid peroxidation

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Comparative immunol.gy

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Integrative Zool.gy 2006年第1期1卷 32-43页

作者： Edwin l.cooper l.boratory of Comparative Neuroimmunol.gy Department of NeurobiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

As a discipl.ne,comparative immunol.gy enhances zool.gy and has gained wide acceptance in the biol.gical.*** is an offshoot of the parent fiel.,immunol.gy,and is an amal.am of immunol.gy and *** animal. from protozoans to humans have sol.ed the threat of extinction by having evol.ed an immune-defense strategy that ensures the capacity to react against foreign,non-sel. microorganisms and cancers that disturb the homeostatic ***-type innate immune responses evol.ed first and they characterize the *** rapid natural.responses act immediatel. and are often essential.for the occurrence of sl.wer,more specific,adaptive vertebratetype immune *** components of the innate immune system,there is an emphasis on several.major steps in the evol.tionary process:(i)recognition;(ii)the phagocytic cel.;and(iii)the natural.kil.er *** vertebrates evol.ed,beginning with fish,thymus-control.ed T cel.s first appeared,as did bone marrow-derived B cel.s(first found in amphibians with l.ng bones).These were the precursors of the pl.sma cel.s that synthesize and secrete *** the concept of sel./non-sel.,invertebrates possess natural.non-adaptive,innate,non-cl.nal.non-anticipatory immune responses,whereas vertebrates possess adaptive,acquired,cl.nal.and anticipatory *** symposium concerns:(i)aspects of the immune spectrum in representative groups;(ii)specific findings(in particul.r model.;***);(iii)cl.es as to the possibl. biomedical.appl.cation of rel.vant mol.cul.s derived from animal.,notabl. invertebrates;and(iv)some views on the more practical.appl.cations of understanding immune systems of invertebrates and ectotherms,and their possibl. rol. in survival.

关键词： adaptive immunity immunol.gy innate invertebrates

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Genome-wide Studies Reveal.Genetic Risk Factors for Hepatic Fat Content

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第2期22卷 57-68页

作者： Yanni l. El.ne H.van den Berg Al.xander Kuril.hikov Dasha V.Zhernakova Ranko Gacesa Shixian Hu Esteban A.l.pera-Maya Al.xandra Zhernakova l.fel.nes Cohort Study Vincent E.de Meijer Serena Sanna robin P.F.Dul.aart Hans Bl.kzijl.El.onora A.M.Festen Jingyuan Fu Rinse K.Weersma Department of Gastroenterol.gy and Hepatol.gy University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Genetics University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterol.gy and Hepatol.gy Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052China l.boratory of Genomic Diversity Center for Computer TechnologiesITMO UniversitySaint Petersburg 199034Russia Institute of Precision Medicine the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Department of Surgery Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver TransplantationUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Endocrinol.gy University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands 不详

Genetic susceptibil.ty to metabol.c associated fatty l.ver disease(MAFl.)is compl.x and poorl. *** characterization of the genetic background of hepatic fat content woul. provide insights into disease etiol.gy and causal.ty of risk *** performed genome-wide association study(GWAS)on two noninvasive definitions of hepatic fat content:magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction(MRI-PDFF)in 16,050 participants and fatty l.ver index(Fl.)in 388,701 participants from the United Kingdom(UK)Biobank(UKBB).Heritabil.ty,genetic overl.p,and simil.rity between hepatic fat content phenotypes were anal.zed,and repl.cated in 10,398 participants from the University Medical.Center Groningen(UMCG)Genetics l.fel.nes Initiative(UGl.).Meta-anal.sis of GWASs of MRI-PDFF in UKBB reveal.d five statistical.y significant l.ci,incl.ding two novel.genomic l.ci harboring CREB3l.(rs72910057-T,P=5.40E−09)and GCM1(rs1491489378-T,P=3.16E−09),respectivel.,as wel. as three previousl. reported l.ci:PNPl.3,TM6SF2,and *** of Fl. in UKBB identified 196 genome-wide significant l.ci,of which 49 were repl.cated in UGl.,with top signal. in ZPR1(P=3.35E−13)and FTO(P=2.11E−09).Statistical.y significant genetic correl.tion(rg)between MRI-PDFF(UKBB)and Fl.(UGl.)GWAS resul.s was found(rg=0.5276,P=1.45E−03).Novel.MRI-PDFF genetic signal.(CREB3l. and GCM1)were repl.cated in the Fl. *** identified two novel.genes for MRI-PDFF and 49 repl.cabl. l.ci for *** a difference in hepatic fat content assessment between MRI-PDFF and Fl.,a substantial.simil.r genetic architecture was *** is identified as an easy and rel.abl. approach to study hepatic fat content at the popul.tion l.vel.

关键词： Hepatic fat content MAFl. Genome-wide association study Fatty l.ver index Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction

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