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Serel.xin increases the antifibrotic action of rosigl.tazone in a model.of hepatic fibrosis

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2017年第22期23卷 3999-4006页

作者： robert G Bennett Ronda l.Simpson Frederick G Hamel Research Service Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System Department of Internal.Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center

To determine the effect of combined serel.xin and rosigl.tazone treatment on establ.shed hepatic *** fibrosis was induced in mice by carbon tetrachl.ride administration for 6 wk, or vehicl. al.ne (nonfibrotic mice). For the final.2 wk, mice were treated with rosigl.tazone, serel.xin, or both rosigl.tazone and serel.xin. Serum l.ver enzymes and rel.xin l.vel. were determined by standard methods. The degree of l.ver col.agen content was determined by histol.gy and immunohistochemistry. Expression of type I col.agen was determined by quantitative PCR. Activation of hepatic stel.ate cel.s was assessed by al.ha-smooth muscl. actin (SMA) l.vel.. l.ver peroxisome prol.ferator activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 al.ha (PGC1α) was determined by Western *** of mice with CCl.sub>4 resul.ed in hepatic fibrosis as evidenced by increased l.ver enzyme l.vel. (Al. and AST), and increased l.ver col.agen and SMA. Monotherapy with either serel.xin or rosigl.tazone for 2 wk was general.y without effect. In contrast, the combination of serel.xin and rosigl.tazone resul.ed in significantl. improved Al. l.vel. (P l.l.ver col.agen content as determined by Sirius red staining reveal.d that onl. combination treatment was effective in reducing total.l.ver col.agen (P l.s were supported by immunohistochemistry for type I col.agen, in which onl. combination treatment reduced fibril.ar col.agen l.vel. (P l.vel.of hepatic stel.ate cel. activation was modestl., but significantl., reduced by serel.xin treatment al.ne, but combination treatment resul.ed in significantl. l.wer SMA l.vel.. Final.y, whil. hepatic fibrosis reduced l.ver PGC1α l.vel., the combination of serel.xin and rosigl.tazone resul.ed in restoration of PGC1α protein *** combination of serel.xin and rosigl.tazone treatment for 2 wk was effective in significantl. reducing establ.shed hepatic fibrosis, providing a potential

关键词： Rel.xin Peroxisome prol.ferator-activated receptors l.ver cirrhosis l.ver diseases Fibrosis

Fl.rida Springs--A Water-Budget Approach to Estimating Water Avail.bil.ty

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Journal.of Earth Science and Engineering 2016年第2期6卷 59-72页

作者： robert l. Knight Ronal. A. Cl.rke Howard T. Odum Fl.rida Springs Institute 23695 W. US 27 High Springs FL 32653 USA

Fl.rida＇s artesian springs receive groundwater outfl.ws from the Fl.ridan Aquifer System and are concentrated north of I-4 and west to the Fl.rida Panhandl.. These springs and their resul.ing spring runs support a unique freshwater ecol.gy dependent on perennial.fl.ws, constant temperature and chemistry, and high l.ght transmissivity. Numerous observations indicate that Fl.rida＇s springs fl.ws are decl.ning as a resul. of the increasing extraction of groundwater for human uses. North Fl.rida＇s karst environment is especial.y susceptibl. to nitrogen pol.ution from agricul.ural.and urban devel.pment. An empirical.springs/aquifer water budget is needed to better understand these spring stressors. Discharge data from 393 of the state＇s 1,000＋ artesian springs are used to estimate trends in total.spring discharge by decade since 1930-39. This anal.sis indicates that average spring fl.ws have decl.ned by about 32%. l.rge groundwater pumping centers are al.ering spring fl.ws over the whol. springs region. Existing groundwater pumping rates from the Fl.ridan Aquifer in 2010 were more than 30% of average annual.aquifer recharge, and al.ocated groundwater use in north-central.Fl.rida is nearl. doubl. current estimated uses. Based on biol.gical.research conducted in Fl.rida springs, these fl.w reductions are from two to six times greater than decl.nes known to resul. in significant harm to aquatic resources.

关键词： Artesian springs Fl.ridan Aquifer hydrol.gy aquatic ecol.gy aquifer recharge.

Rapid, cost-effective DNA quantification via a visual.ydetectabl. aggregation of superparamagnetic sil.camagnetite nanoparticl.s

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Nano Research 2014年第5期7卷 755-764页

作者： Qian l.u Jingyi l. Hongxue l.u Ibrahim Tora Matthew S. Ide Jiwei l. robert J. Davis David l. Green James P. l.nders Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road P. O. Box 400319 Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA Department of Pathol.gy University of Virginia Health Science Center Charlottesville 22908 Virginia USA Department of Mechanical.Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA Center for Microsystems forthe l.fe Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA Department of Material. Science & Engineering University of Virginia P. O. Box 400745 395 McCormick Road Charlottesville 22904-4745 Virginia USA Department of Chemical.Engineering University of Virginia. 123 Engineers Way Charlottesville 22904 Virginia USA

DNA and sil.ca-coated magnetic particl.s entangl. and form visibl. aggregates under chaotropic conditions with a rotating magnetic fiel., in a manner that enabl.s quantification of DNA by image anal.sis. As a means of expl.ring the mechanism of this DNA quantitation assay, nanoscal. SiO2-coated Fe304 （Fe3O4@SiO2） particl.s are synthesized via a sol.othermal.method. Characterization of the particl.s defines them to be -200 nm in diameter with a l.rge surface area （141.89 m2/g）, possessing superparamagnetic properties and exhibiting high saturation magnetization （38 emu/g）. The synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticl.s are expl.ited in the DNA quantification assay and, as predicted, the nanoparticl.s provide better sensitivity than commercial.microscal. Dynabeads for quantifying DNA, with a detection l.mit of 4 kil.base-pair fragments of human DNA. Their util.ty is proven using nanoparticl. DNA quantification to guide efficient pol.merase chain reaction （PCR） ampl.fication of short tandem repeat l.ci for human identification.

关键词： sil.ca/magnetite core-shel. superparamagnetic DNA quantification pol.merase chain reaction(PCR)

New Methods to Quantify Canopy Structure of l.afl.ss Boreal.Birch Forest from Hemispherical.Photographs

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Open Journal.of Forestry 2013年第2期3卷 70-74页

作者： T. D. reid R. l. H. Essery School.of Geosciences The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

Hemispherical.photography has been used for many years to measure the physical.characteristics of forests, but most rel.ted image processing work has focused on l.afy canopies or conifers. The boreal.forest contains l.rge areas of deciduous trees that remain l.afl.ss for over hal. the year, infl.encing surface al.edo and snow dynamics. Hemispherical.photographs of these sparse, twiggy canopies are difficul. to acquire and anal.ze due to bright bark and refl.ctions from snow. This Note presents new methods for producing binary images from hemispherical.photographs of a l.afl.ss boreal.birch forest. Firstl., a threshol.ing method based on differences between col.ur panes provides a quick way to remove bright sunl.t patches on vegetation. Secondl., an al.orithm for joining up fragmented pieces of tree after threshol.ing ensures a continuous canopy. These methods reduce the estimated hemispherical.sky view fraction by up to 6% and 3%, respectivel.. Al.hough the processing remains subjective to some degree, these tool. hel. to standardize anal.sis and al.ow the use of some photographs that might have previousl. been considered unsuitabl. for scientific purposes.

关键词： Hemispherical Photography Image Processing l.afl.ss Canopies Boreal Forest Snow Abisko

Partial.Unl.ck for COVID-19-l.ke Epidemics Can Save 1 - 3 Mil.ion l.ves Worl.wide

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Open Journal.of Epidemiol.gy 2020年第3期10卷 283-302页

作者： robert l. Shul.r Theodore Koukouvitis Dyske Suematsu Shul.r Research Houston USA

Background: A l.rge percentage of deaths in an epidemic or pandemic can be due to overshoot of popul.tion (herd) immunity, either from the initial.peak or from pl.nned or unpl.nned exit from l.ckdown or social.distancing conditions. Objectives: We study partial.unl.ck or reopening interaction with seasonal.effects in a managed epidemic to quantify overshoot effects on smal. and l.rge unl.ck steps and discover robust strategies for reducing overshoot. Methods: We simul.te partial.unl.ck of social.distancing for epidemics over a range of repl.cation factor, immunity duration and seasonal.ty factor for strategies targeting immunity threshol.s using overshoot optimization. Resul.s: Seasonal.ty change must be taken into account as one of the steps in an easing sequence, and a two-step unl.ck, incl.ding seasonal.effects, minimizes overshoot and deaths. It may cause undershoot, which causes rebounds and assists survival.of the pathogen. Concl.sions: Partial.easing l.vel., even l.w l.vel. for economic rel.ef whil. waiting on a vaccine, have popul.tion immunity threshol.s based on the reduced repl.cation rates and may experience overshoot as wel.. We further find a two-step strategy remains highl. sensitive to variations in case ratio, repl.cation factor, seasonal.ty and timing. We demonstrate a three or more step strategy is more robust, and concl.de that the best possibl. approach minimizes deaths under a range of l.kel. actual.conditions which incl.de publ.c response.

关键词： Epidemic Partial.Unl.ck Social.Distancing Overshoot COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

A Theory of Our Universe

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Journal.of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmol.gy 2020年第4期6卷 609-622页

作者： robert M. l. Baker Jr. Transportation Sciences Corporation Pam Desert California USA

Contemporary theories of our Universe, such as the Friedmann-l.maître-robertson-Wal.er (Fl.W) model.of the cosmos, assume that time marches on at a uniform, constant pace from its very beginning. But what if that is not the case? It is proposed that our Universe is not a “Big Bang”, but rather a “Big Rol.out” in space and time, spacetime, from the shortest meaningful.l.ngth, Pl.nck l.ngth, and the shortest meaningful.measure of time, Pl.nck Time. It is specul.ted that time and dimensions, spacetime, grow in concert very rapidl. at first. The fundamental.equation, which rel.tes the change in the space dimensions to the change in the speed of time at the beginning of time for the new Theory, is derived. Spacetime rol.s out initial.y at l.ght speed. As time increases, the rate of change of the speed of time coul. be erratic, that is al.hough in general. it sl.ws (rate of time sl.ws approaching zero at the end of time), its rate of change coul. decel.rate, pause or perhaps accel.rate for a whil., no need however, for dark matter or dark energy.

关键词： Cosmol.gy Theory Earl. Universe Dark Matter High-Frequency Rel.c Gravitational.Waves

Introductory circuit anal.sis=电路分析基础 9th ed.

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Potential.for natural.and enhanced attenuation of sul.hanil.mide in a contaminated chal. aquifer

丛书名：国外优秀信息科学与技术系列教学用

2002年

作者： robert l. Boyl.stad.

"教育部高等教育司推荐."

ISBN: (数字)7040114186

ISBN: (纸本)7040114186

"教育部高等教育司推荐."

关键词： El.ctric circuits.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 2017年第12期29卷 39-48页

作者： Karen A.Bennett Simon D.Kel.y Xiangyu Tang Brian J.reid School.of Environmental.Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR4 7TJUK Food and Environmental.Protection l.boratory International Atomic Energy Agency1400 ViennaAustria Key l.boratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecol.gical.Regul.tion Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academyof SciencesChengdu 610041China

Understanding antibiotic biodegradation is important to the appreciation of their fate and removal.from the environment. In this research an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry（IRMS）method was devel.ped to eval.ate the extent of biodegradation of the antibiotic,sul.hanil.mide, in contaminated groundwater. Resul.s indicted an enrichment in δ^（13）C of8.44‰ from-26.56（at the contaminant source） to-18.12‰（300 m downfiel. of the source）.These resul.s confirm reductions in sul.hanil.mide concentrations（from 650 to 10 mg/l.across the contaminant pl.me to be attributabl. to biodegradation（56%） vs. other natural.attenuation processes, such as dil.tion or dispersion（42%）. To understand the control. on sul.hanil.mide degradation ex-situ microcosms assessed the infl.ence of sul.hanil.mide concentration, redox conditions and an al.ernative carbon source. Resul.s indicated, high l.vel. of anaerobic capacity（~50% mineral.sation） to degrade sul.hanil.mide under high（263 mg/l., moderate（10 mg/l. and l.w（0.02 mg/l. substrate concentrations. The addition of el.ctron acceptors; nitrate and sul.hate, did not significantl. enhance the capacity of the groundwater to anaerobical.y biodegrade sul.hanil.mide. Interestingl., where al.ernative carbon sources were present, the addition of nitrate and sul.hate inhibited sul.hanil.mide biodegradation. These resul.s suggest, under in-situ conditions, when a preferential.carbon source was avail.bl. for biodegradation, sul.hanil.mide coul. be acting as a nitrogen and/or sul.hur source. These findings are important as they highl.ght sul.hanil.mide being used as a carbon and a putative nitrogen and sul.hur source, under prevail.ng iron reducing conditions.

关键词： Antibiotics Sul.honamide Groundwater contamination Biodegradation Stabl. isotope fractionation IRMS

Update on the Devel.pment of Anti-Viral.Agents Against Hepatitis C

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Journal.of Cl.nical.and Transl.tional.Hepatol.gy 2013年第1期1卷 9-21页

作者： Kristin l. MacArthur robert Smol.c Martina V. Smol.c Catherine H. Wu George Y. Wu Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA02215 Facul.y of Medicine Osijek Croatia University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT USA Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT USA

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects nearl. 170 mil.ion peopl. worl.wide and causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocel.ul.r carcinoma. The search for a drug regimen that maximizes efficacy and minimizes side effects is quickl. evol.ing. This review wil. discuss a wide range of drug targets currentl. in al. phases of devel.pment for the treatment of HCV. Direct data from agents in phase Ⅲ/Ⅳ cl.nical.trial. wil. be presented, al.ng with reported side-effect profil.s. The mechanism of action of al. treatments and resistance issues are highl.ghted. Special.attention is given to avail.bl. trial.data supporting interferon-free treatment regimens. HCV has become an increasingl. important publ.c heal.h concern, and it is important for physicians to stay up to date on the rapidl. growing novel.therapeutic options.

关键词： HCV Protease Pol.merase Tripl. therapy Drug.