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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen robert j.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

Fluorescence Enhancement Ratio Dropdown at Low Fluences during Femtosecond Double Pulse Laser Ablation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第7期25卷 2653-2656页

作者： Sima SINGHA robert j. GORDON 胡湛 Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130021 Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607-7061 USA

In the study of double pulse ablation of materials （silicon and copper）, a dropdown of double pulse to single pulse fluorescence signal enhancement at low fluences is observed. The dropdown is analysed with a simple theoretical one-dimensional heat diffusion model and verified by fluorescence time constants change as a function of fluence. The dropdown is explained as a result of liquid-solid mixture layer at the liquid and solid boundary. The effect of the layer becomes important at low fluences.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

The impact of macroalgae on mean and turbulent flow fields

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j.urnal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第3期27卷 427-435页

作者： THOMAS robert E. MCLELLAND Stuart j. Department of Geography Environment and Earth Sciences University of Hull

In this paper, we attempt to quantify the mean and turbulent flow fields around live macroalgae within a tidal inlet in Norway. Two Laminaria digitata specimens - 0.50 m apart were selected for detailed study and a profiling ADV was used to collect 45 velocity profiles, each composed of up to seven 0.035 m-high profiles collected for 240 s at 100 Hz, at a streamwise spacing of 0.25 m and cross-stream spacing of 0.20 m. To quantify the impact of the macroalgae, measurements were repeated over a sparser grid after the region had been completely cleared of algae and maj.r roughness elements.

关键词： dealiasing laminaria digitata turbulence vectrino profiler velocity profile

Specifications of Targeting Heterochromatin Modifications in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2018年第3期11卷 381-387页

作者： j.red M. Wendte robert j. Schmitz Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Plants encode a diverse repertoire of DNA methyltransferases that have specialized to target cytosines for methylation in specific sequence contexts. These include the de novo methyltransferase, DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 （DRM2）, which methylates cytosines in all sequence contexts through an RNA-guided process, the CHROMOMETHYLASES （CMTs）, which methylate CHH and CHG cytosines （where H is A, T, or C）, and METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 （MET1）, which maintains methylation of symmetrical CG contexts. In this review, we discuss the sequence specificities and targeting of each of these pathways. In particular, we highlight recent studies that indicate CMTs preferentially target CWG or CWA/CAW motifs （where W is A or T）, and discuss how self-reinforcing feedback loops between DNA methyltransferases and histone modifications characteristic of heterochromatin specify targeting. Finally, the initiating events that lead to gene body methylation are discussed as a model illustrating how interde- pendent targeting of different silencing pathways can potentiate the establishment of off-target epialleles.

关键词： heterochromatin DNA methylation gene body methylation epiallele DNA methyltransferase,chromomethylase

Early Cretaceous subduction initiation beneath southern Tibet caused the northward flight of India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1123-1131页

作者： Haoyu Hu robert j.Stern Geosciences Department University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTX75083-0688USA

Collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates formed the ~2500 km long Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone and produced the Himalaya mountains and Tibetan *** we offer a new explanation for tectonic events leading to this collision:that the northward flight of India was caused by an Early Cretaceous episode of subduction initiation on the southern margin of *** data for ophiolites along the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone show restricted ages between 120 Ma and 130 Ma,and their supra-subduction zone affinities are best explained by seafloor spreading in what became the forearc of a north-dipping subduction zone on the southern margin of *** subsequent evolution of this new subduction zone is revealed by integrating data for arcrelated igneous rocks of the Lhasa terrane and Xigaze forearc basin *** slab pull from this new subduction zone triggered the rifting of India from East Gondwana in Early Cretaceous time and pulled it northward to collide with Tibet in Early Paleogene time.

关键词： Cretaceous northward subduction

Crop Epigenomics： Identifying, Unlocking, and Harnessing Cryptic Variation in Crop Genomes

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Molecular Plant 2015年第6期8卷 860-870页

作者： Lexiang j. Drexel A. Neumann robert j. Schmitz Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Institute of Bioinformatics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA These authors contributed equally to this article.

DNA methylation is a key chromatin modification in plant genomes that is meiotically and mitotically her- itable, and at times is associated with gene expression and morphological variation. Benefiting from the increased availability of high-quality reference genome assemblies and methods to profile single-base res- olution DNA methylation states, DNA methylomes for many crop species are available. These efforts are making it possible to begin answering crucial questions, including understanding the role of DNA methyl- ation in developmental processes, its role in crop species evolution, and whether DNA methylation is dynamically altered and heritable in response to changes in the environment. These genome-wide maps provide evidence for the existence of silent epialleles in plant genomes which, once identified, can be tar- geted for reactivation leading to phenotypic variation.

关键词： epigenomics DNA methylation whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) crops comparativegenomics

Ethnic and Religious Violence in South China： The Hakka-Tiandihui Uprising of 1802

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Frontiers of History in China 2016年第4期11卷 532-562页

作者： robert j. Antony Canton's Thirteen Hongs Research Center Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China

In 1802 the second maj.r Tiandihui （Heaven and Earth Society） uprising erupted in the mountains of Huizhou prefecture near Canton. Before it was suppressed over a year later, the disturbances came to involve several tens of thousands of people and nearly a quarter of Guangdong province. This study, which is based on extant historical sources and fieldwork, takes an interdisciplinary approach, combining the methodologies of history, anthropology, and folklore. The areas where the uprising occurred were predominantly Hakka, an ethnic Chinese minority who came into conflict with the earlier settlers, known as the Punti. As violence escalated, both sides organized their own paramilitary units： Hakka formed Tiandihui groups and Punti formed Ox Head Societies. Significantly too, the Tiandihui groups in Huizhou belonged to a much wider network of secret society and sectarian organizations that spread across the Hakka heartland on the j.angxi, Fuj.an, and Guangdong border. This article addresses key issues concerning the social, political, and religious contexts and motivations of this Hakka-led uprising.

关键词： Hakka Punti Tiandihui ethnic feuds violence Buddhist lay sects Dachengj.ao

Economic Growth and Convergence, Applied to China

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China & World Economy 2016年第5期24卷 5-19页

作者： robert j. Barro Warburg Professor of Economics Economics Department Harvard UniversityUSA

From the perspective of conditional convergence, China＇s GDP growth rate since 1990 has been surprisingly high. However, China cannot deviate forever from the global historical experience, and the per capita growth rate is likely to fall soon from around 8 percent per year to a range of 3-4 percent. China can be viewed as a middle-income convergence success story, grouped with Costa Rica, Indonesia, Peru, Thailand and Uruguay. Upper-income convergence successes （toward which China is likely heading） include Chile, Hong Kong, Ireland, Malaysia, Poland, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan.

关键词： China convergence dispersion economic growth

A Critical Review of the Evidence for M32 being a Compact Dwarf Satellite of M31 rather than a More Distant Normal Galaxy

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Chinese j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2008年第4期8卷 369-384页

作者： C. Ke-shih Young Malcolm j. Currie robert j. Dickens A-Li Luo Tong-j.e Zhang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China School of Physics University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxfordshire OX 11 0QX Great Britain Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Since Baade＇s photographic study of M32 in the mid 1940s, it has been accepted as an established fact that M32 is a compact dwarf satellite of M31. The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of our investigation into the nature of the existing evidence. We find that the case for M32 being a satellite of M31 rests upon Hubble Space Telescope （HST） based stellar population studies which have resolved red-giant branch （RGB） and red clump stars in M32 as well as other nearby galaxies. Taken in isolation, this recent evidence could be considered to be conclusive in favour of the existing view. However, the conventional scenario does not explain M32＇s anomalously high central velocity dispersion for a dwarf galaxy （several times that of either NGC 147, NGC 185 or NGC 205） or existing planetary nebula observations （which suggest that M32 is more than twice as distant as M31） and also requires an elaborate physical explanation for M32＇s inferred compactness. Conversely, we find that the case for M32 being a normal galaxy, of the order of three times as distant as M31, is supported by：（1） a central velocity dispersion typical of intermediate galaxies, （2） the published planetary nebula observations, and （3） known scaling relationships for normal early-type galaxies. However, this novel scenario cannot account for the high apparent luminosities of the RGB stars resolved in the M32 direction by HST observations. We are therefore left with two apparently irreconcilable scenarios, only one of which can be correct, but both of which suffer from potentially fatal evidence to the *** suggests that current understanding of some relevant fields is still very far from adequate.

关键词： galaxies:individual M32 - galaxies distances and redshifts - galaxies dwarf- galaxies elliptical and lenticular, cD - galaxies fundamental parameters