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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第10期9卷 1299-1316页

作者： robert J. Lascano Jeffery T. Baker Paxton Payton Dennis C. Gitz III james R. Mahan Timothy S. Goebel Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA Plant Stress Germplasm Development Research Cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

There are a few field methods available to directly measure water evapotranspiration (ET) along with its two components, evaporation from the soil (E) and from the crop (T). One such technique that measures T, uses sensors to calculate the sap flow (F) of water through the plant stem and is based on the conservation of mass and energy, i.e., the stem heat balance method. This instrument consists of a flexible heater that is wrapped around the plant stem with temperature sensors to measure the difference in temperature of F below and above the heater. This is a null method, where all inputs and outputs are known and the calculated F is a direct measure of T. This method has been used to measure T in a variety of crops, including cotton, grapes, olive trees, soybean, ornamental and horticultural crops. A new version of the EXO-SkinTM is the Stem Gauge Dual Channel Design (SGDCTM), which was commercially introduced and had a radically new design resulting in a different energy balance, compared to the original design, which needed experimental verification. An initial evaluation was done with potted cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) plants in a greenhouse experiment showing that values of cotton-T measured with the new sensor were accurate;however, this comparison was limited to daily T T in the 2 - 7 mm/d range, representative of the semiarid Texas high Plains. For this purpose, cotton was planted on 12 June 2017 on a 1000 m2 plot in a soil classified in the Amarillo series at the facilities of the USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX. For a period of 15 days, 2 to 16 Sep 2017, we measured hourly cotton-T with the new sensors and with portable growth chambers (0.75 m × 1 m cross-section, and 1 m height) where water vapor flux was measured at a 10 hz frequency using an infrared gas analyzer. We used three chambers and, in each chamber, the new sensors were installed on four cotton plants. We used linear regression analysis to compare hourly and daily values of cotton-T measured with th

关键词： Stem Flow Gauge Growth Chamber Water Use Irrigation Evaporation Field Test

Global concerns related to water biology and security:The need for language and policies that safeguard living resources versus those that dilute scientific knowledge

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Water Biology and Security 2023年第4期2卷 136-146页

作者： robert M.hughes james R.Karr robert L.Vadas Dominick A.DellaSala Marcos Callisto Maria Joao Feio Teresa Ferreira Neels Kleynhans Renata Ruaro Chris O.Yoder J.hal Michael Amnis Opes Institute 2895 SE GlennCorvallisOR97333USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife&Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA98915USA Karr Consulting 102 Galaxy View CourtSequimWA98382USA 2909 Boulevard Rd.SE OlympiaWA98501-3971USA Wild heritage a Project of Earth Island Institute2150 Allston WayBerkeleyCA94704-1346USA Departamento de Genetica Ecologia e EvolucaoInstituto de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAvenida Antonio Carlos 6627CEP 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Associate Laboratory ARNET Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal Forest Research Centre&Associate Laboratory TERRA University of LisbonTapada da Ajuda1349-017LisbonPortugal Department of Water Affairs and Forestry(retired) 8th Avenue 771Wonderboom South0084PretoriaSouth Africa Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology Federal Technological University of Parana81280-340CuritibaPRBrazil Midwest Biodiversity Institute 4673 Northwest ParkwayHilliardOH43026USA Ecologists Without Borders OlympiaWAUSA

Increasingly,scientists and non-scientists,especially employees of government agencies,tend to use weak or equivocal language when making statements related to science policy and governmental *** use recent publications to provide examples of vague language versus examples of strong language when authors write about regulating anthropogenic pressures on natural *** language is common in agency reports,policy documents,and even scientific papers published by *** language limits success in regulating anthropogenic pressures on natural *** challenge must be recognized and countered as a driver of the condition of water and associated *** also list sources of vague wording,provide global examples of how ambiguous language and political influences have contributed to water resource degradation,discuss the recent history of science censorship,and offer possible solutions for more direct scientific *** found that:(1)equivocal language was especially common in concluding statements and not only by government employees;(2)authors discussed confusing language concerns in an agency publication;and(3)agency employees sometimes used active,strong *** drivers of weak language include:(1)holding on to old paradigms and resisting new knowledge;(2)scientific uncertainty;(3)institutional manuscript review policies;(4)employment and funding insecurity;and(5)avoiding the appearance of *** associated with euphemistic language included climate change,flow and physical habitat alteration,dams,agriculture,mining,forestry,and fisheries,as well as resistance towards monitoring,assessing,and reporting ecological *** for mitigating equivocal language involve employment protections and greater focus on scientific *** conclude that natural resource scientists should resist calls to employ imprecise ***,they should be strong advocates for prescriptive and protective natura

关键词： Corruption Ethics Science censoring Science policy Water resource degradation

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面对病毒人类还没做好准备

商业周刊（中文版） 2020年第3期 4-7页

作者： Brian Bremner robert Langreth.james Paton 纳德(译) 不详

在人类与微生物此消彼长的拉锯战中,病毒卷土重来。的确,我们战胜了天花和小儿麻痹症,世界范围内,传染性疾病的死亡率也在显著下降。尽管如此,据世界卫生组织(WhO)报告,自1970年以来,人类发现的新型病原体超过1500种。进入21世纪,传染... 详细信息

在人类与微生物此消彼长的拉锯战中,病毒卷土重来。的确,我们战胜了天花和小儿麻痹症,世界范围内,传染性疾病的死亡率也在显著下降。尽管如此,据世界卫生组织(WhO)报告,自1970年以来,人类发现的新型病原体超过1500种。进入21世纪,传染病蔓延的速度更快,传播范围也更广,以往局部暴发的流行病如今可以快速在全球范围传播。

关键词：传染性疾病传播范围流行病病毒全球范围病原体

Trifecta Outcomes of Screening Detected and Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms after Open Radical Prostatectomy for Localized Prostate Cancer

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Open Journal of Urology 2023年第8期13卷 282-292页

作者： Mathew Yamoah Kyei james Edward Mensah robert Djagbletey Evans Akpali Francis Ahiaku Ali Ayamba Ben Adusei Enoch Tackie Emmanuel Bannerman-Williams George Oko Klufio Department of Surgery University of Ghana Medical School Accra Ghana Department of Anaesthesia University of Ghana Medical School Accra Ghana Department of Surgery Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana The Trust hospital Accra Ghana University of health and Allied Science Ho Ghana 37 Military hospital Accra Ghana

Background: Many studies have reported on trifecta outcomes after radical prostatectomy. There is however paucity of studies that compares the trifecta outcome between screen detected and patients presenting with lower urinary symptoms with localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. This study compares the trifecta outcomes between these two groups after an open retropubic radical prostatectomy. Methodology: This is a retrospective study, on the trifecta outcomes (urinary continence, erectile function, and cancer control) of consecutive patients that had open radical retropubic prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer by a single surgeon. Patients were grouped into screen detected and presentation with lower urinary symptoms or retention of urine. The parameters considered were the age of the patients, the total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) at presentation, the clinical T stage, the Gleason score of prostate biopsies, the risk categories using the D’Amico risk groups and the trifecta outcomes after the procedure. Results: In all, 119 patients met the criteria for inclusion. The median follow up was 63.5 months (range 12 - 156 months). Of these 40.3% of the patients were diagnosed through screening with elevated PSA while 59.7% had presented with symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction. The mean age for the patients was 60.8 ± 6.5 years, median PSA 12.6 ng/ml (IQR 8.6 - 19.7) and median prostate weight of 50.0 (IQR 40.0 - 60 g). The urinary continence rate after the procedure was 93.3%, erection rate of 81.5%, cancer control rate of 71.4% and trifecta achieved in 57.1%. Comparing the screening and the symptomatic cases, the urinary continence rate was 91.7% vrs 94.3%;erectile function rate was 79.2% vrs 83.1%;cancer control 68.8% vrs 73.2% and trifecta achieved in 58.3% vrs 56.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of urinary continence p = 0.564, erection function p = 0.588, cancer control p = 0.5

关键词： Screening Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Open Radical Prostatectomy Functional Outcome Trifecta

STROMAL BIOASSEMBLY DURING AVIAN CORNEAL MORPhOGENESIS:SOME SIMILARITIES WITh ThE ADULT WOUND hEALING SITUATION

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STROMAL BIOASSEMBLY DURING AVIAN CORNEAL MORPHOGENESIS:SOME ...

The Joumey of the Magi： A Lyric Monologue for First and Second Voices and Three-in-One Character（s）

第十八届国际眼科研究大会

作者： Andrew.Quantock Barbara.Palka Melody.Liles robert.Young james.Doutch Bruce.Caterson james.Ralphs Clare.Gealy Keith.Meek Structural Biophysics Group School of Optometry and Vision SciencesCardiff UniversityWalesU.K.

＜正＞It has been postulated that healing processes in the corneal stroma recapitulate,to some extent,some events of tissue embryogenesis,especially in regards to changes in the nature of the keratan sulphate（KS）pro...

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2017年第12期7卷 1511-1529页

作者： robert Keir Shepherd Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain

Although T. S. Eliot＇s ＂The Journey of the Magi＂ is a religious poem in the profoundest sense, the title of my paper is intended to give only a sly wink at Trinitarianism. My real object is to explain how Eliot contrived to manufacture a poem which, at fu＇st glance, resembles a dramatic monologue （generally understood as a poem for one voice----that of a historical/fictional/mythological character addressing a silent listener, group of listeners or reader）, yet which is slowly revealed as a lyrical monologue （for the poet＇s own voice） which yet--and this quite intentionally----contains considerably more than mere echoes of another two speakers： namely a Magus and the biblical translator and, most famously, sermon writer Archbishop Launcelot Andrewes （1555-1626） court preacher to james 1 and Charles 1 of England. I wish to show how Eliot, in writing what is ultimately confessional verse, goes out of his way to hoodwink the reader by allowing the first two of his ＂{The} Three Voices of Poetry＂（1957） to overlap with and then incorporate the third. his own descriptions of these voices are （i） lyric, defined as ＂the poet talking to himself＂, （ii） that of the single speakerwho gives a （dramatic） monologuel ＂addressing an {imaginary} audience in an assumed voice＂ and （iii） that of the verse dramatist ＂who attempts to create a dramatic character speaking in verse when he {i.e. the author} is saying.., only what he can say within the limits of one imaginary character addressing another imaginary character＂ yet adding ＂some bit of himself that the author gives to a character may be the germ from which that character starts＂（Eliot, 1957, pp. 38, 40）. The basis of my argument is that such an act of＂giving of the self＇ as the raw material for the creation of a dramatic monologue persona as well as a character designed for the stage had been part and parcel of Eliot＇s modus operandi up to and including ＂Prufrock＂ and The Waste Land; further, that in ＂The Journey of the Magi＂ an

关键词： dramatic monologue dramatic poetry lyric monologue peritext subjective self

Measuring What Matters:Moving Beyond GDP

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China Today 2019年第5期68卷 14-16页

作者： james BRENDAN BOLGER 不详

JUST over 50 years ago, robert F. Kennedy in a speech he delivered at the University of Kansas expressed his concerns about the limits of using Gross National Product to guide policy decisions. In his own words:“Gross National Product counts air pollution and cigarette advertising, and ambulances to clear our highways of carnage... It counts the destruction of the redwood and the loss of our natural wonder in chaotic sprawl…“Yet the gross national product does not allow for the health of our children, the quality of their education or the joy of their play... It measures neither our wit nor our courage, neither our wisdom nor our learning, neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country, it measures everything in short, except that which makes life worthwhile.”

关键词： Gross National Product GDP

Isozyme-Selective heme Oxygenase Inhibitors:Design,Synthesis,and Biological Evaluation

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Isozyme-Selective Heme Oxygenase Inhibitors:Design,Synthesis...

第十五届国际药理学大会

作者： Jason Z.Vlahakis robert T.Kinobe Gheorghe Roman james F.Brien Kanji Nakatsu Walter A.Szarek Departments of Chemistry Queen’s University KingstonOntarioCanada K7L 3N6 Pharmacology ＆ Toxicology Queen’s University KingstonOntarioCanada K7L 3N6 Departments of Chemistry Queen’s University KingstonOntarioCanada K7L 3N6 Pharmacology ＆ Toxicology Queen’s University KingstonOntarioCanada K7L 3N6 Pharmacology ＆ Toxicology Queen’s University KingstonOntarioCanada K7L 3N6 Departments of Chemistry Queen’s University KingstonOntarioCanada K7L 3N6

＜正＞ Several imidazole-containing compounds were synthesized and evaluated as novel inhibitors of heme oxygenase （hO）. A number of these compounds showed enhanced activity for hO over other heme - dependent enzymes （such as NOS and sGC）.In addition, some of these compounds were highly selective for the inhibition of hO-1（inducible isozyme） compared with hO - 2 （constitutive isozyme）. One of the ***-13,exhibits an IC50 value of 0.8±0.2 mM for hO - 1 （rat spleen） and approximately 305 mM for hO - 2 （rat brain）. Over 100 compounds have been synthesized, and structure activity relationships amongst these analogues with respect to the inhibition of hO and other enzymes will be presented. These drugs are anticipated to become useful tools in elucidating the physiological/pathological roles of hO/carbon monoxide in mammalian and other biological systems.

关键词： heme oxygenase imidazoles selective inhibitor

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活性氮:多多益善?

AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2002年第2期31卷 60-62页

作者： james N.Galloway Ellis B.Cowling Sybil P.Seitzinger robert h.Socolow 赵海珍美国弗吉尼亚大学北卡罗莱纳州立大学 Rutgers大学普林斯顿大学

尺度和范围1790年,Jean Claude Chaptal将元素周期表中的第14个元素命名为"氮"[1].两个世纪后,氮在生物地球化学过程中的作用和其作为一种必需营养元素的重大功能得到了很好的理解.我们知道,人类(以及植物和动物)的生存离不开氮;大气中... 详细信息

尺度和范围1790年,Jean Claude Chaptal将元素周期表中的第14个元素命名为"氮"[1].两个世纪后,氮在生物地球化学过程中的作用和其作为一种必需营养元素的重大功能得到了很好的理解.我们知道,人类(以及植物和动物)的生存离不开氮;大气中大量存在的氮气(N2)是植物和动物不能直接利用的一种化学形式;只有少数特殊的微生物能够将大气中的氮转化("固定")为植物、动物可以利用的活性氮(活性氮)[2];另一小群体的微生物能够将活性氮转化(反硝化)为氮气.

关键词：人类健康环境食物生产能源生产活性氮