Global concerns related to water biology and security:The need for language and policies that safeguard living resources versus those that dilute scientific knowledge
作者机构：Amnis Opes Institute2895 SE GlennCorvallisOR97333USA Department of FisheriesWildlife&Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98915USA Karr Consulting102 Galaxy View CourtSequimWA98382USA 2909 Boulevard Rd.SEOlympiaWA98501-3971USA Wild Heritagea Project of Earth Island Institute2150 Allston WayBerkeleyCA94704-1346USA Departamento de GeneticaEcologia e EvolucaoInstituto de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAvenida Antonio Carlos 6627CEP 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Associate Laboratory ARNETMarine and Environmental Sciences CentreDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal Forest Research Centre&Associate Laboratory TERRAUniversity of LisbonTapada da Ajuda1349-017LisbonPortugal Department of Water Affairs and Forestry(retired)8th Avenue 771Wonderboom South0084PretoriaSouth Africa Graduate Program in Environmental Science and TechnologyFederal Technological University of Parana81280-340CuritibaPRBrazil Midwest Biodiversity Institute4673 Northwest ParkwayHilliardOH43026USA Ecologists Without BordersOlympiaWAUSA
出 版 物：《Water Biology and Security》 (水生生物与安全(英文))
年 卷 期：2023年第2卷第4期
页 面：136-146页
学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 0908[农学-水产] 07[理学] 0713[理学-生态学]
主 题：Corruption Ethics Science censoring Science policy Water resource degradation
摘 要：Increasingly,scientists and non-scientists,especially employees of government agencies,tend to use weak or equivocal language when making statements related to science policy and governmental *** use recent publications to provide examples of vague language versus examples of strong language when authors write about regulating anthropogenic pressures on natural *** language is common in agency reports,policy documents,and even scientific papers published by *** language limits success in regulating anthropogenic pressures on natural *** challenge must be recognized and countered as a driver of the condition of water and associated *** also list sources of vague wording,provide global examples of how ambiguous language and political influences have contributed to water resource degradation,discuss the recent history of science censorship,and offer possible solutions for more direct scientific *** found that:(1)equivocal language was especially common in concluding statements and not only by government employees;(2)authors discussed confusing language concerns in an agency publication;and(3)agency employees sometimes used active,strong *** drivers of weak language include:(1)holding on to old paradigms and resisting new knowledge;(2)scientific uncertainty;(3)institutional manuscript review policies;(4)employment and funding insecurity;and(5)avoiding the appearance of *** associated with euphemistic language included climate change,flow and physical habitat alteration,dams,agriculture,mining,forestry,and fisheries,as well as resistance towards monitoring,assessing,and reporting ecological *** for mitigating equivocal language involve employment protections and greater focus on scientific *** conclude that natural resource scientists should resist calls to employ imprecise ***,they should be strong advocates for prescriptive and protective natura
维普期刊数据库