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Recent trends in the surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第3期14卷 408-412页

作者： robert e roses John L Rombeau University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States

Surgery is required in the vast majority of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and in approximately one-third of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Similar to medical treatments for IBD, significant advances have occurred in surgery. Advances in CD include an emphasis upon conservatism as exemplified by more limited resections, strictureplasties, and laparoscopic resections. The use of probiotics in selected patients has improved the outcome in patients with pouchitis following restorative proctocolectomy for UC. It is anticipated that ongoing discoveries in the molecular basis of IBD will in turn identify those patients who will best respond to surgery.

关键词： Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Ileal pouchanal anastomosis Laparoscopic colectomy

A Cost-effective Flood Warning System for Small Urban Basins

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Journal of earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 307-313页

作者： robert e.Criss eric M.Stein Department of earth and Planetary Sciences Washington UniversitySt.Louis MO 63130USA

An effective warning system for flash floods along the upper River des Peres, a small urban stream in eastern Missouri, USA, is based on three enterprise-level, automated rain *** floods in this 25 km~2 basin develop rapidly and are commonly caused by small but intense thunderstorm cells, these rain gauges were necessarily deployed within the watershed, and immediate telemetry and processing of rainfall delivered in 5-minute intervals is required. Available data show that damaging floods in this area occur only 30 min to 3 h following the delivery of 38 mm of rainfall or more in a single hour. Water levels along this stream can rise more than 3 m/h. Since full deployment in Nov. 2021, our system has successfully predicted 3 significant floods with one false positive.

关键词： urban floods flood warning water levels hydrology

Continuous-flow columns packed with zero-valent iron and iron sulfide as a feasible strategy to remediate the persistent contaminant nitroguanidine

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第1期43卷 26-34页

作者： Youngjae Yu erika e.Rios-Valenciana robert A.Root Reyes Sierra-Alvarez Jon Chorover Jim A.Field Department of Chemical and environmental engineering The University of ArizonaP.O.Box 210011TucsonAZ 85721USA Department of environmental Science The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

The insensitive munitions compound nitroguanidine(NQ)is used by the *** to avoid unintended ***,NQ also represents an emerging contaminant whose environmental emissions can cause toxicity toward aquatic organisms,indicating the need for effective remediation ***,we investigated the feasibility of treating water contaminated with NQ in continuous-flow columns packed with zero-valent iron(ZVI)or iron sulfide(FeS).Initially,the impact of pH on NQ transformation by ZVI or FeS was evaluated in batch *** pseudo first-order rate constant for NQ transformation(k_(1,NQ))by ZVI was 8-10 times higher at pH 3.0 compared to pH 5.5 and 7.0,whereas similar k_(1,NQ)values were obtained for FeS at pH *** on these findings,the influent p H fed to the ZVIand Fe S-packed columns was adjusted to 3.0 and 5.5,*** reactors transformed NQ into nitrosoguanidine(Nso Q).Further transformation of Nso Q by ZVI produced aminoguanidine,guanidine,and cyanamide,whereas Nso Q transformation by Fe S produced guanidine,ammonium,and traces of *** outperformed Fe S as a reactive material to remove *** ZVI-packed column effectively removed NQ below detection even after 45 d of operation(490 pore volumes,PV).In contrast,NQ breakthrough(removal efficiencyerved after 18 d(180 PV)in the Fe S-packed *** high NQ removal efficiency and long service life of the ZVI-packed column(>490 PV)suggest that the technology is a promising approach for NQ treatment in packed-bed reactors and in situ remediation.

关键词： Continuous water treatment Iron-based minerals Chemical reduction pH Aminoguanidine Guanidine

Hydrologic Time Scale:A Fundamental Stream Characteristic

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Journal of earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1291-1297页

作者： robert e.Criss Department of earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO63130USA

A new,fundamental catchment attribute called the hydrologic time scaleτgoverns the rate of delivery of runoff to a particular site,and is equal to∫Qdt/∫|dQ|,where Q is discharge and t is *** value ofτfor any gauged site is readily calculated from tabulated discharge data by replacing the integrals with *** quantity,coupled with the square root of catchment area,√A,form a coordinate pair that embodies the characteristic time and length scales for any catchment,which govern its flow *** fitting constants used in several unit hydrograph models are simple multiples ofτ,so knowledge ofτallows rapid calibration of these models for the particular site,facilitating flow prediction from rainfall *** ofτreflect many different landscape attributes,but for multiple sub-basins in watersheds with homogeneous land use and lithologic conditions,they correlate linearly with √*** ratio √A/τprovides a characteristic velocity that is high for channelized,floodprone rivers,for flashy urban streams with high impervious cover,and for sites downstream of hydropower *** with low velocities are resistant to flooding,as their landscapes have a greater ability to delay the delivery of runoff by retention,detention,and infiltration into the groundwater system.

关键词： unit hydrograph time constant flash floods impervious cover urban streams flashiness hydrogeology

Statistics of evolving Populations and Their Relevance to Flood Risk

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Journal of earth Science 2016年第1期27卷 2-8页

作者： robert e.Criss Department of earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University in St.Louis

Statistical methods are commonly used to evaluate natural populations and environmental variables, yet these must recognize temporal trends in population character to be appropriate in an evolving world. New equations presented here define the statistical measures of aggregate historical populations affected by linear changes in population means and standard deviations. These can be used to extract the statistical character of present-day populations, needed to define modern variability and risk, from tables of historical data that are dominated by measurements made when conditions were different. As an example, many factors such as climate change and in-channel structures are causing flood levels to rise, so realistic estimation of future flood levels must take such secular changes into account. The new equations provide estimates of water levels for ＂100-year＂ floods in the USA Midwest that are 0.5 to 2 m higher than official calculations that routinely assume population stationarity. These equations also show that flood levels will continue to rise by several centimeters per year. This rate is nearly ten times faster than the rise of sea level, and thus represents one of the fastest and most damaging rates of change that is documented by robust data.

关键词： flood risk statistical theory Mississippi River.

“采用数据驱动方法对受内压作用的受腐蚀管线断裂强度预报研究”讨论（英文）

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2025年第01期 249-251页

作者： Mojtaba Mokhtari robert e.Melchers Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems Department of Marine TechnologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU) Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability The University of Newcastle

The authors(Cai et al., 2022) claim that their proposed machine learning(ML) models, which are based on three typical ML algorithms and are trained to predict the burst capacity of pitting corroded pipelines, perform better than the existing semi-empirical formulas recommended by the international engineering code developers, DNV and ASMe. The authors' assessments of the semi-empirical burst capacity formulas in Figure 10(a) and Table 8(Cai et al., 2022) incorrectly indicate that DNVGL-RPF101, ASMe B31G, and modified ASMe B31G are dangerously unsafe due to significantly overestimating burst pressures in several cases. In contrast to the results and conclusions in Cai et al.(2022), these semi-empirical formulas have been consistently found to be conservative(Benjamin et al., 2000; Benjamin et al., 2002; Chena et al., 2015; Cronin and Pick, 2000; Kiefner and Vieth, 1989;Mokhtari and Melchers, 2016; 2018; 2019; Netto et al., 2005; Teixeira et al., 2008; Yeom et al., 2015; Zhou and Huang, 2012), and have been safely implemented in the oil/gas industry for many years. The main cause of the contradiction between the authors' claims and well-established practical applications and results lies in the data upon which the study(Cai et al., 2022) is based, along with the authors' misinterpretation of the semi-empirical formulas. These points are elaborated below.

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Use of Geochemical and Geophysical Techniques to Characterize and Prospect for Geothermal Resources and Hydrothermal Ore Deposits

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Journal of earth Science 2015年第1期26卷 73-77页

作者： robert e.Criss Department of earth and Planetary Sciences Washington UniversitySt.Louis 63130USA

Fluid-rock interactions alter the geochemical, isotopic, petrographic and physical character of host rocks, producing a permanent record of hydrothermal activity. Maps of altered rock properties show regular variations that disclose master geologic controls and delineate likely sites for geothermal and mineral resources. In many cases, geochemical and stable isotope data re- veal the origins of thermal fluids, and they can also provide estimates of reservoir temperatures and identify zones of fluid recharge.

关键词： geothermal system hydrothermal system geophysical prospecting geochemicalprospecting Mt. Lassen oxygen isotope.

Fluvial Transport of Large Boulders

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Journal of earth Science 2024年第6期35卷 2045-2049页

作者： robert e.Criss William e.Winston G.robert Osburn Department of earth Environmental and Planetary SciencesWashington UniversitySt.LouisMissouri63130USA

Fast water can cause extraordinary bedload *** the record floods considered here,the Jul.26,2022 urban flash flood on the upper River des Peres,***,Missouri provides particularly well-constrained data on flow conditions associated with large block *** measurements and a detailed lidar survey show that concrete slabs as large as 3.0×2.5×0.33 m^(3)were moved from the open channel to reside 215 to 450 m inside a 6.5 m-diameter drainage tunnel,some to become part of a 10-m long imbricated *** flows of 160 m^(3)/s were recorded at a gauging station located only 1.6 km upstream of the tunnel entrance,which provides a good estimate of 4.2 m/s for the peak flow velocity in the *** observational data and a new theoretical analysis show that the radius of large boulders that can be moved by flowing water is directly proportional to the velocity head.

关键词： fluvial transport imbrication floods lidar survey bedload urban flash flood hydrogeology

Dependence of Mean and Peak Streamflow on Basin Area in the Conterminous United States

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Journal of earth Science 2016年第1期27卷 83-88页

作者： William e.Winston robert e.Criss Department of earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University in St.Louis

Basin area is the primary control on both mean and peak streamflows, but relationships vary with regional meteorological conditions. Rich historical data sets permit deduction of these relationships for most areas of the United States, revealing both expected and unexpected correlations. On log-log plots, mean flows for most basins with 〉75 cm/y rainfall have unit slopes, with the y-intercept approximating the mean annual runoff. Lower slopes characterize regions where runoff is greatest at high topographic elevations, or where significant withdrawals for irrigation occur at lower elevations. Peak flows also correlate strongly with basin area, but the regressions for most regions have slopes ranging from 0.4 to 0.9, and y-intercepts that increase with increasing flood recurrence interval. The slopes on these log-log plots for peak flows are highest in cool regions with low sunshine and low evapotranspiration, and lowest where sunshine is abundant, evapotranspiration is high, and small convective storm cells are common. effects of relief are small and inconsistent. Peak flows of small watersheds are huge compared to their mean flows, commonly being several thousand times greater, particularly in the USA midcontinent where the slopes for peak flows are low.

关键词： floods GIS runoff rivers.