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Quality colonoscopy:A matter of time,technique or technology?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第10期19卷 1517-1522页

作者： robert H lee Veterans Affairs Long Beach Health Care System University of California IrvineLong BeachCA 93109United States

Quality colonoscopy is defined by the detection of adenomatous polyps at least 25% of the time in men and 15% of the time in *** studies highlight the importance of key aspects of high quality *** include the amount of time spent examining the mucosa or withdrawal time,the quality of withdrawal technique and new technologies which seek to maximize the detection of colonic *** review summarizes the latest evidence regarding the role of time,technique and technology in shaping the quality of colonoscopy.

关键词： Adenoma Colorectal cancer Quality colonoscopy Colorectal cancer screening

Hypocrellin A-based photodynamic action induces apoptosis in A549 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2019年第2期9卷 279-293页

作者： Shanshan Qi Lingyuan Guo Shuzhen Yan robert J.lee Shuqin Yu Shuanglin Chen Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal University College of Pharmacy the Ohio State University Cancer Pharmacology Crown Bioscience Inc. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal University

Over recent decades, many studies have reported that hypocrellin A(HA) can eliminate cancer cells with proper irradiation in several cancer cell lines. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its anticancer effect has not been fully defined. HA-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were evaluated after photodynamic therapy(PDT). A temporal quantitative proteomics approach by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ) 2 D liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric(LC–MS/MS) was introduced to help clarify molecular cytotoxic mechanisms and identify candidate targets of HA-induced apoptotic cell death. Specific caspaseinhibitors were used to further elucidate the molecular pathway underlying apoptosis in PDT-treated A549 cells. Finally, down-stream apoptosis-related protein was evaluated. Apoptosis induced by HA was associated with cell shrinkage, externalization of cell membrane phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation,and mitochondrial disruption, which were preceded by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) generations. Further studies showed that PDT treatment with 0.08 mmol/L HA resulted in mitochondrial disruption, pronounced release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3,-9, ***, HA may be a possible therapeutic agent directed toward mitochondria and a promising photodynamic anticancer candidate for further evaluation.

关键词： Hypocrellin A Photodynamic therapy Reactive oxygen species Proteomic LC–MS/MS iTRAQ

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Robust cost efficacy of a novel,validated screening test at 12–20 Weeks gestation for the prediction of preterm birth(PTB)at or before 32 Weeks in singletons

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2021年第3期1卷 107-111页

作者： robert H.lee Carl P.Weiner Departments of Population Health University of Kansas School of MedicineUSA Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS66160USA

Objective:Preterm birth(PTB)at or before 32 weeks complicates up to 2%of United States(US)births and accounts for 80%of perinatal expenditures in the first year of *** screening tests for PTB performed from 12 weeks to 19 weeks 5 days have receiver operated area under the curve(AUC)indices of<80%and at most<70%.We evaluated FutureBIRTH™,a unique maternal screening test comprised of plasma cell-free RNA for the prediction of PTB≦32 weeks due to spontaneous labor(sPTB)with or without preterm premature rupture of the membranes(PPROM)or early-onset pre-eclampsia before 34 weeks(EOP).FutureBIRTH™is supported by multiple validation studies derived from 12 weeks to 19 weeks 5 days gestation achieving AUCs of 84.2%for sPTB and 94.1%for ***:Using the US rates for EOP(0.5%)and sPTB≦32 weeks(1.8%)and adjusting the US pregnancy/neonatal medical costs to US dollars(2017 value),we calculated the cost per 100,000 singletons with or without universal FutureBIRTH™testing before 19 weeks and 6 days using three detection rates and assuming screenpositive women would be treated with and respond to aspirin(assumed 80%efficacy for EOP)and vaginal progesterone(assumed 38%efficacy for sPTB).We also assessed test performance at disease incidence rates below that of the US(down to 0.46%).For considering screening costs,we assumed test costs of$750,and treatment costs of$1000 for patients over 20 weeks gestational ***:The identification and treatment of‘at-risk’pregnancies by FutureBIRTH™with existing therapies would reduce direct healthcare costs by up to$95 million per 100,000 *** projected savings were robust and achievable at each FutureBIRTH™price despite the conservative costs,efficacy,and detection rate *** incidence of PTB≦32 weeks would decline by 40%–50%with a test cost of$750 and an 80%detection ***:The accurate risk assessment provided by universal FutureBIRTH™screening coupled with existing preventative treatments could lea

关键词： Pregnancy Preterm birth Transcriptome Plasma RNA Precision medicine

Use of the Endocuff during routine colonoscopy examination improves adenoma detection: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第43期22卷 9642-9649页

作者： Matthew Chin William Karnes M Mazen Jamal John G lee robert lee Jason Samarasena Matthew L Bechtold Douglas L Nguyen Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California Irvine Division of Gastroenterology Long Beach Veterans Affairs Health System Division of Gastroenterology University of Missouri Health

AIM To perform meta-analysis of the use of Endocuff during average risk screening *** Scopus, Cochrane databases, MEDLINE/Pub Med, and CINAHL were searched in April 2016. Abstracts from Digestive Disease Week, United European Gastroenterology, and the American College of Gastroenterology meeting were also searched from 2004-2015. Studies comparing EC-assisted colonoscopy(EAC) to standard colonoscopy, for any indication, were included in the analysis. The analysis was conducted by using the Mantel-Haenszel or DerS imonian and Laird models with the odds ratio(OR) to assess adenoma detection, cecal intubation rate, and complications performed. RESULTS Nine studies(n = 5624 patients) were included in the analysis. Compared to standard colonoscopy, procedures performed with EC had higher frequencies for adenoma(OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.23-1.80; P = 0.03), and sessile serrated adenomas detection(OR = 2.34 95%CI: 1.63-3.36; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in cecal intubation rates between the EACgroup and standard colonoscopy(OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 0.70-2.27, I2 = 0%; P = 0.44). EAC was associated with a higher risk of complications, most commonly being superficial mucosal injury without higher frequency for *** The use of an EC on colonoscopy appears to improve pre-cancerous polyp detection without any difference in cecal intubation rates compared to standard colonoscopy.

关键词： Colonoscopy Endocuff Adenoma detection

Evaluation of maize inbred lines and topcross progeny for resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination

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The Crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 118-125页

作者： Jake C.Fountain Hamed K.Abbas Brian T.Scully Hong Li robert D.lee robert C.Kemerait Baozhu Guo USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia USDA-ARS Biological Control of Pests Research Unit USDA-ARS National Horticultural Research Laboratory Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Millet Research Institute Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia

Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination occurs in maize following kernel colonization by Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxin contamination resistance is a highly desired trait in maize breeding *** identification of novel sources of resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination is a major focus in germplasm screening efforts. Here, we performed a field evaluation of 64 inbred lines over two years for pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination. Topcrosses were also performed with two testers, B73 and Mo17, to generate 128 F1 hybrids which were also evaluated over two years. Hybrid performance was used to calculate both general combining ability(GCA) of the inbreds, and observed heterosis for aflatoxin resistance. Over both years of the study, aflatoxin concentrations ranged from 80 ± 47 to 17,617 ± 8816 μg kg^(-1) for inbreds, and from 58 ± 39 to 2771 ± 780 μg kg^(-1) for hybrids with significant variation between years and lines. The inbred lines CML52, CML69, CML247, GT-603, GEMS-0005, Hi63, Hp301, and M37 W showed <1000 μg kg^(-1) of aflatoxin accumulation in both years of the study and less than the resistant check, Mp313 E, in at least one season. Among these, CML52, GT-603, and Hi63 also showed significant GCA with the testers in hybrid progeny. CML52, GT-603, and M37 W also showed heterotic effects of-13.64%,-12.47%, and-24.50%, respectively, with B73 resulting in reduced aflatoxin contamination. GT-603 also showed a similar heterotic effect for aflatoxin contamination,-13.11%, with Mo17 indicating that this line may serve as a versatile source of aflatoxin contamination resistance in breeding programs.

关键词： Aspergillus flavus Pre-harvest Aflatoxin Maize Topcross

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Enhanced Survivin siRNA Delivery Using Cationic Liposome Incorporating Fatty Acid-modified Polyethylenimine

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2015年第3期31卷 401-405页

作者： YANG Shuang GUO Zhihua YANG Xuewei XIE Jing robert J.lee JIANG Dan TENG Lesheng College of Life Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130012 P.R.China College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus 43210 USA

We described a novel approach for survivin fatty acid-modified polyethylenimine. A linoleic acid siRNA cellular delivery via a cationic liposome incorporating derivative of branched polyethylenimine（PEI, Mw=25 kDa）, PEI-LA, was synthesized and incorporated into the liposome. The properties of the liposome, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake of cancer cells for survivin siRNA, survivin protein downregulation levels were investigated. PEl-modified liposome showed a lower cytotoxicity and delivered survivin siRNA into HeLa cells and A549 cells efficiently com- pared with PEI-25kDa.

关键词： Polyethylenimine siRNA Survivin Cationic liposome Cancer

Novel PLGA Microspheres for Sustained Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotide

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2013年第5期29卷 1003-1005页

作者： XIE Jing LI Xin JIANG Chao-jun lee robert Jian-guang ZHOU Yu-lin TENG Le-sheng College of Life Science Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China College of Pharmacy Ohio State University Columbus 43210 USA The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China

Novel poly（lactide-co-glycolide acid）（PLGA） microspheres were developed for sustained delivery of antisense oligonucleotide（ASO）. First, a new cationic agent, polyethylenimine（PEI） conjugated to linoleic acid（LA）（PEI-LA） was synthesized by reacting PEI（Mw=800） with linoleoyl chloride. Then, PEI-LA was combined with LOR-2501 to form electrostatic complexes at moderate nitrogen-to-phosphate（N/P） molar ratios which were then encapsulated into poly（lactide-co-glycolide） microspheres by a multiple emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. With an increase in ASO/PEI-LA concentration from 5% to 10%, encapsulation efficiency of ASO in the micro- spheres reduced from 72.14% to 57.62%, and the particle size ofmicrospheres increased from 28.58 μm to 34.76 μm. In vitro studies show that the release profile of ASO from microspheres prepared at 7.5% ASO-PEI-LA lasted for 14 d The novel microspheres have a potential use as a sustained release vehicle for ASO.

关键词： Drug delivery PLGA microsphere Polyethylenimine Antisense oligonucleotide

Resistance to Aspergillus flavus in maize and peanut:Molecular biology, breeding, environmental stress,and future perspectives

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The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 229-237页

作者： Jake C.Fountain Pawan Khera Liming Yang Spurthi N.Nayak Brian T.Scully robert D.lee Zhi-Yuan Chen robert C.Kemerait Rajeev K.Varshney Baozhu Guo Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Tifton GA USA International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad Telangana India USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Tifton GA USA Huaiyin Normal University School of Life Sciences USDA-ARS US Horticultural Laboratory Fort Pierce FL USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Tifton GA USA Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

The colonization of maize(Zea mays L.) and peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus results in the contamination of kernels with carcinogenic mycotoxins known as aflatoxins leading to economic losses and potential health threats to humans. The regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in various Aspergillus spp. has been extensively studied, and has been shown to be related to oxidative stress responses. Given that environmental stresses such as drought and heat stress result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) within host plant tissues, host-derived ROS may play an important role in cross-kingdom communication between host plants and A. flavus. Recent technological advances in plant breeding have provided the tools necessary to study and apply knowledge derived from metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic studies in the context of productive breeding populations. Here, we review the current understanding of the potential roles of environmental stress, ROS, and aflatoxin in the interaction between *** and its host plants, and the current status in molecular breeding and marker discovery for resistance to A. flavus colonization and aflatoxin contamination in maize and peanut. We will also propose future directions and a working model for continuing research efforts linking environmental stress tolerance and aflatoxin contamination resistance in maize and peanut.

关键词： Host resistance Molecular breeding Aflatoxin contamination Reactive oxygen species ROS

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Targeting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in airway innate immunity

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2020年第2期11卷 30-51页

作者： Indiwari Gopallawa robert J lee Department of Otorhinolaryngology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Physiology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States

The airway innate immune system maintains the first line of defense against respiratory *** airway epithelium and associated immune cells protect the respiratory system from inhaled foreign *** cells sense pathogens via activation of receptors like toll-like receptors and taste family 2 receptors(T2Rs)and respond by producing antimicrobials,inflammatory cytokines,and *** regulation of fluid secretion and ciliary beating facilitates clearance of pathogens via mucociliary *** cells also secrete antimicrobial peptides and radicals to directly kill microorganisms and inactivate *** phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B(Akt)kinase pathway regulates multiple cellular targets that modulate cell survival and *** also regulates proteins involved in innate immune *** phosphorylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)enzymes expressed in airway epithelial *** of eNOS can have anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,and anti-viral ***,Akt can increase the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 that protects cells from oxidative stress and may limit *** this review,we summarize the recent findings of non-cancerous functions of Akt signaling in airway innate host defense mechanisms,including an overview of several known downstream targets of Akt involved in innate immunity.

关键词： Lung Nitric oxide synthase Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 Respiratory infections Cystic fibrosis