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Trait plasticity, not values, best corresponds with woodland plant success in novel and manipulated habitats

journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第3期6卷 201-210页

作者： robert j.warren II jeffrey K.Lake Department of Biology SUNY Buffalo State1300 Elmwood AvenueBuffaloNY 14222USA Department of Biology Adrian CollegeAdrianMI49221USA

Aims The clustering of plants with similar leaf traits along environmental gradients may arise from adaptation as well as acclimation to het-erogeneous habitat *** the forces that shape plant leaf traits requires both linking variation in trait morphology with abiotic gradients and linking that trait variation with plant per-formance under varying abiotic *** the spectrum of plant types,shade-tolerant evergreen herbs are relatively low in trait plasticity,compared to deciduous and sun-adapted *** plants employ stress-tolerant strategies for survival,which coincide with relatively static trait morphologies,slow growth and hence a lower ability to adjust to changing environmental *** We investigate how the survival of two ecologically similar under-story evergreen species,Asarum arifolium and Hepatica nobilis,cor-responds with variation in six commonly measured functional traits(leaf area,specific leaf area,plant height,leaf number,leaf length and shoot mass)along natural and experimental abiotic *** examine temporal(the period 2007-9)and spatial(100 km)variations in these traits after(i)translocating 576 plants across a span from the southerm Appalachian Mountains in NC,USA,to the Piedmont,GA,USA,which includes north-and south-facing slope habitats and(ii)the experimental manipulation of diffuse light and soil *** findings We find that when translocated into a novel habitats,with novel environmental conditions that often are more extreme than the source habitat,both species appear capable of considerable mor-phological acclimation and generally converge to similar trait *** nobilis does not exhibit mean trait values particu-larly different from those of ***,but it demonstrates much greater phenotypic *** results indicate that relatively conservative plant species nonetheless acclimate and survive across heterogeneous environmental conditions.

关键词： Functional traits Asarum arifolium Hepatica nobilis niche specific leaf area understory

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Multiple mechanisms in woodland plant species invasion

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journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 201-209页

作者： robert j.warren II Matt Candeias Adam Labatore Michael Olejniczak Lin Yang Department of Biology SUNY Buffalo State1300 Elmwood AvenueBuffaloNY 14222USA Department of Natural Resources University of IllinoisW-503 Turner Hall 1102 South Goodwin AveUrbanaIL 61801USA US Army Corps of Engineers 441 G Street NWWashingtonDC 20314-1000USA

Aims A plethora of theories explain species invasion,yet when tested in isolation,support or falsification becomes contingent on study species,system and *** objective was to examine com-munity-level species invasion as a function of multiple competing *** We used data from>3500 woodland plant species in 2750 plots in 49 national parks in eastern US deciduous forests to test multiple competing theories of species invasion:competition,empty niche,propagule pressure and latitude *** also tested interac-tions with residence time to account for non-native species naturali-zation and spread since *** Findings The non-native herbs generally thrived at latitudes similar to those from which they originated,but not necessarily where they were originally introduced to the eastern ***,we found that each hypothesis explained at least some aspect of woodland plant species invasion,but examining them simultaneously allowed assessment of their relative strengths and *** results suggested that residence time is a strong predictor of non-native woodland plant success,particularly as it interacts with other mechanisms of inva-sion,such as competition(abundance of native woodland plants),climate matching(similar invaded latitude as home range),prop-agule pressure(distance to putative seed sources)and empty niche(relatedness to native plants).We found that initial barriers,such as distance from propagule source or suboptimal habitat,were over-come,as was resistance from native ***,the biggest challenge for the non-native woodland plants appeared to be time,as they declined after~1 to 2 centuries.

关键词： competition empty niche invasion biology propagule pressure latitude matching residence time

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Adult bobcat(Lynx rufus)habitat selection in a longleaf pine savanna

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 206-217页

作者： Andrew R.Little L.Mike Conner Michael j.Chamberlain Nathan P.Nibbelink robert j.warren Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia180 E.Green StAthensGA 30602USA joseph W.jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway NewtonGeorgia 39870USA

Background:Pine savannas are primarily managed with frequent prescribed fire(≤3 years)to promote diversity of flora and fauna,and to maintain open,park-like conditions needed by species such as the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker(Picoides borealis).However,a knowledge gap exists in our understanding of bobcat(Lynx rufus)habitat selection in longleaf pine savannas and research is warranted to direct our future management ***:We examined bobcat habitat selection in a pine savanna managed with frequent fires at two spatial scales(i.e.,study area boundary[hereafter,landscape scale])and annual area of use[95%kernel density;local scale],and assessed effects of prescribed fire on bobcat habitat ***,we monitored 45 bobcats(16 males and 29 females)during 2001–***:We found differential habitat selection by *** the landscape scale,female bobcats were closer to mixed pine-hardwoods,young pine,and secondary roads,but farther from mature pine and hardwoods stands relative to *** found no difference in selection of agriculture,shrub-scrub,and primary roads between *** the annual area of use scale,female bobcats were closer to secondary roads,but farther from agriculture and shrub-scrub relative to *** found no difference in selection of mature pine,mixed pine-hardwoods,hardwoods,young pine,and primary roads between *** primarily selected for stands burned≤1.1 years ***:Our results show that bobcats exploit a broad range of habitat types in pine landscapes managed with frequent fire and commonly use recently burned stands(≤1.1 year post-fire),suggesting prey in many areas of this system are at risk of bobcat ***,we suggest land managers consider scale of selection by bobcats when developing habitat management strategies.

关键词： Georgia Habitat selection Lynx rufus Pinus palustris Prescribed fire

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Eastern wild turkey nest site selection in two frequently burned pine savannas

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 38-47页

作者： Andrew R.Little Nathan P.Nibbelink Michael j.Chamberlain LMike Conner robert j.warren Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia180 E.Green St.AthensGA 30602USA joseph W.jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway NewtonGeorgia 39870USA

Introduction:Reproductive success is a critical factor affecting avian demographics and can be influenced by many factors including nesting chronology,predation risk,and fine-scale nest site ***:We modeled the relative influences of habitat-related covariates at six spatial scales(nest site:15-,40-,80-,120-,160-,and 200-m radii)on Eastern wild turkey(Meleagris gallopavo silvestris)nest site selection in two pine savannas managed by frequent prescribed fire(≤3 years)in southwestern Georgia during ***:Nest site(15-m scale)habitat metrics(mean visual obstruction[cm]and canopy closure[%])had the greatest influence on nest site selection relative to covariates measured at larger spatial *** odds ratios suggested that nests were 26.8% more likely to occur for every 10 cm increase in mean vegetation height with a range of 7.5 to 150.0 cm and 18.5% less likely to occur for every 10% increase in canopy closure with a range from 0.0 to 97.8%.Total ground cover,canopy closure,edge density,and percent land cover type(e.g.,mature pine,mixed pine/hardwood,shrub/scrub)had minimal influence on nest site ***:Management of pine savannas for turkey nest sites should focus on creating early-successional vegetation to conceal nests from potential ***,we suggest that future studies consider evaluating the influence of spatial scale on turkey nest site selection.

关键词： Georgia Land cover Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Multi-scale Nest site selection Pinus palustris Radio-telemetry

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Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 288-298页

作者： robert j.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading, thoughts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management

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Glycolysis and glucose metabolism as a target for bioenergetic and neuronal protection in glaucoma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1637-1638页

作者： Pete A.Williams robert j.Casson Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Ophthalmic Research Laboratories Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

Vision is arguably our most valued sense,yet approximately 340 million people globally suffer blindness or moderate visual impairment,highlighting the need to further develop and advance treatments for ophthalmic *** refers to a group of ocular disorders united by a clinically characteristic optic neuropathy with associated retinal ganglion cell loss.

关键词： metabolism glaucoma globally

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Does MgSO_(4) protect the preterm brain?Dissecting its role in the pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1861-1862页

作者： robert Galinsky Laura Bennet Alistair j.Gunn The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Mitigating preterm encephalopathy continues to be one of the greatest challenges in perinatal *** encephalopathy is associated with high mortality,serious morbidity,and significant socio-economic impacts on the individuals,their families,and public health sectors and welfare systems that last a *** cost of disability associated with preterm brain injury continues to *** of this injury,and disability,would significantly reduce this socioeconomic burden.

关键词： encephalopathy mortality hypoxic

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Extracellular vesicles and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 disease

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BIOCELL 2024年第1期48卷 1-8页

作者： YU LIU robert j.KASPER NATALIE j.S.CHOI Department of Family and Community Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membranous vesicular structures released from almost all eukaryotic cell types under different physiological or pathological *** evidence demonstrates that EVs can serve as mediators of intercellular communication between donor and recipient cells or microorganism-infected and noninfected *** disease 2019(COVID-19)disease is caused by infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)of host cells in the respiratory system and various extra-pulmonary tissue/organs,resulting in complications of multiple organ *** the cell surface receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)mediates cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells in patients with *** studies have found that ACE2 can be released with EVs,which have been shown to interfere with the entry of the virus into host cells and thus may be involved in COVID-19 *** addition,ACE2,neprilysin(NEP),and thimet oligopeptidase(TOP)are the key enzymes that regulate angiotensin metabolism by converting angiotensin II or angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-7,the latter of which has protective effects in counterbalancing the harmful effects of angiotensin II in COVID-19 *** review summarizes the recent research progress regarding EV-associated ACE2,NEP,and TOP and the perspectives of their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles COVID-19 Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Thimet oligopeptidase

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Harnessing the power of complex light propagation in multimode fibers for spatially resolved sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.SMITH LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REjA ERIK P.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEPRIEM DAVID j.OTTAWAY STEPHEN C.warren-SMITH Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser Physics and Photonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The propagation of coherent light in multimode optical fibers results in a speckled output that is both complex and sensitive to environmental *** properties can be a powerful tool for sensing,as small perturbations lead to significant changes in the output of the ***,the mechanism to encode spatially resolved sensing information into the speckle pattern and the ability to extract this information are thus far *** this paper,we demonstrate that spatially dependent mode coupling is crucial to achieving spatially resolved *** leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the spatially resolved sensing information from three fiber types with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of spatially dependent mode coupling provides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber spatially resolved

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Bioactive compounds in Hericium erinaceus and their biological properties:a review

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1825-1844页

作者： Yue Qiu Genglan Lin Weiming Liu Fuming Zhang robert j.Linhardt Xingli Wang Anqiang Zhang College of Food Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Zhejiang Biosan Biotech Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310052China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering Biological ScienceCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA

Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing *** is also effective in protecting the digestive system and preventing neurodegenerative *** this review paper,we summarize the sources,structures and efficacies of the main active components in *** fruiting body,mycelium,and culture media,and update the latest research progress on their biological activities and the related molecular *** on this information,we provide detailed challenges in current research,industrialization and information on the active ingredients of *** for future studies and new applications of *** are proposed.

关键词： Hericium erinaceus Bioactive compounds Biological activities Antioxidation Neuroprotection Immunoregulation

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