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Interleukin-1:an important target for perinatal neuroprotection?

中国神经再生研究：英文版 2023年第1期18卷 47-50页

作者： Sharmony B.Kelly Elys Green Rod W.Hunt Claudia A.Nold-Petry Alistair j.Gunn Marcel F.Nold robert Galinsky The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Pediatrics Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia Monash Newborn Monash Children’s HospitalMelbourneAustralia Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Perinatal inflammation is a significant risk factor for lifelong neurodevelopmental impairments such as cerebral *** clinical and preclinical evidence links the severity and pattern of perinatal inflammation to impaired maturation of white and grey matters and reduced brain *** pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of perinatal ***,studies of human and experimental perinatal encephalopathy have demonstrated a strong causative link between perinatal encephalopathy and excessive production of the pro-inflammatory effector cytokine *** this review,we summarize clinical and preclinical evidence that underpins interleukin-1 as a critical factor in initiating and perpatuating systemic and central nervous system inflammation and subsequent perinatal brain *** also highlight the important role of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in mitigating interleukin-1-driven neuroinflammation and tissue damage,and summarize outcomes from clinical and mechanistic animal studies that establish the commercially available interleukin-1 receptor antagonist,anakinra,as a safe and effective therapeutic *** reflect on the evidence supporting clinical translation of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist for infants at the greatest risk of perinatal inflammation and impaired neurodevelopment,and suggest a path to advance interleukin-1 receptor antagonist along the translational path for perinatal neuroprotection.

关键词： brain inflammation interleukin-1 receptor antagonist interleukin-1 interleukin-1β neonatal encephalopathy neuroprotection preterm brain injury

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Stagnant lid tectonics:Perspectives from silicate planets,dwarf planets, large moons,and large asteroids

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 103-119页

作者： robert j.Stern Taras Gerya Paul j.Tackley Geosciences Department University of Texas at Dallas Department of Earth Sciences ETH-Zurich

To better understand Earth's present tectonic style-plate tectonics—and how it may have evolved from single plate(stagnant lid) tectonics, it is instructive to consider how common it is among similar bodies in the Solar System. Plate tectonics is a style of convection for an active planetoid where lid fragment(plate) motions reflect sinking of dense lithosphere in subduction zones, causing upwelling of asthenosphere at divergent plate boundaries and accompanied by focused upwellings, or mantle plumes;any other tectonic style is usefully called "stagnant lid" or "fragmented lid". In 2015 humanity completed a 50+ year effort to survey the 30 largest planets, asteroids, satellites, and inner Kuiper Belt objects,which we informally call "planetoids" and use especially images of these bodies to infer their tectonic activity. The four largest planetoids are enveloped in gas and ice(jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)and are not considered. The other 26 planetoids range in mass over 5 orders of magnitude and in diameter over 2 orders of magnitude, from massive Earth down to tiny Proteus; these bodies also range widely in density, from 1000 to 5500 kg/m^3. A gap separates 8 silicate planetoids with ρ = 3000 kg/m^3 or greater from 20 icy planetoids(including the gaseous and icy giant planets) with ρ = 2200 kg/m^3 or less. We define the "Tectonic Activity Index"(TAI), scoring each body from 0 to 3 based on evidence for recent volcanism, deformation, and resurfacing(inferred from impact crater density). Nine planetoids with TAI = 2 or greater are interpreted to be tectonically and convectively active whereas 17 with TAI <2 are inferred to be tectonically dead. We further infer that active planetoids have lithospheres or icy shells overlying asthenosphere or water/weak ice. TAI of silicate(rocky) planetoids positively correlates with their inferred Rayleigh number. We conclude that some type of stagnant lid tectonics is the dominant mode of heat loss and that plate tectonics

关键词： Stagnant lid Solar system Plate tectonics Planets Moons

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Characterization of squash polysaccharide and the anti-diabetic effect on type 2 diabetic rat revealed by urine metabolomics analysis

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年

作者： Li Liang Fuming Zhang Quanhong Li Baoguo Sun Yuyu Zhang robert j.Linhardt Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) 2. Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chemistry and Chemical Biology Biomedical Engineering and Biological Science Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute China National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University

The present study reports the structural characteristics of three polysaccharide fractions (SPS-F1， SPS-F2 and SPS-F3) isolated and purified from squash. SPS-F1(Mw=12.30 kDa) and SPS-F2 (Mw=19.40 kDa) were likely to contain HG and RG-I domain of pectic polysaccharide， respectively. SPS-F2 (Mw=270.4 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose， galactose and arabinose. The treatment with SPS decreased body weight gain， glucose and TG levels in T2DM rats. Twenty-five differential metabolites were identified based on urinary metabolomics analysis， which are crucial to the anti-diabetic effect of SPS. The regulation of Nicotinamide N-oxide， Histamine， cis-Aconitate， Citrate， L-Malic acid， 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid and N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid was mainly associated with energy metabolism， gut microbiota and inflammation. Study of surface plasmon resonance revealed the binding kinetics with galectin-3 (Gal-3) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). The KDvalue of SPS-F2 and SPS-F3 to Gal-3 are 4.97 × 10-3mol/L and 1.48 × 10-3mol/L， indicating a weak binding affinity. All three fractions showed moderate binding to FGF2 and the affinity was SPS-F3 > SPS-F2 > SPS-F1. Thus， the metabolomics and SPR approach were proved to be a promising tool in exploring the anti-diabetes effects of SPS and provided a deep understanding of the mechanisms.

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Early developmental exposure to inorganic mercury does not alter affiliative behavior of adult prairie voles(Microtus ochrogaster)

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 761-768页

作者： Yue CHEN robert LEWIS j.Thomas CURTIS Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Oklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesTulsaOklahomaUK

Mercury chloride exposure through drinking water in adult male prairie voles(Microtus ochrogaster)has been shown to alter their social ***,we examined the potential disruption of adult social behavior in prairie voles that were exposed to 60 ppm mercury during early *** used a cross-fostering approach to test the effects of mercury exposure:(1)from conception until birth;(ii)from birth until weaning;and(iii)from conception until weaning,on adult affiliative *** and mercury-treated voles were given the option of remaining in an empty cage or affiliating with a same-sex conspecific in a 3-h choice *** found that early developmental mercury exposure had little if any effect on the reproductive success of breeder pairs or on affiliative behavior by either sex when subjects were tested as *** results suggest that,at least in the context of the behavior tested,the effects of early developmental exposure to mercury do not permanently alter adult prairie vole affiliative behavior,or do so in a way that is too subtle to be detected using the current testing paradigm.

关键词： behavioral testing metals toxicity social behavior prairie vole

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Specifications of Targeting Heterochromatin Modifications in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2018年第3期11卷 381-387页

作者： jered M. Wendte robert j. Schmitz Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Plants encode a diverse repertoire of DNA methyltransferases that have specialized to target cytosines for methylation in specific sequence contexts. These include the de novo methyltransferase, DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 （DRM2）, which methylates cytosines in all sequence contexts through an RNA-guided process, the CHROMOMETHYLASES （CMTs）, which methylate CHH and CHG cytosines （where H is A, T, or C）, and METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 （MET1）, which maintains methylation of symmetrical CG contexts. In this review, we discuss the sequence specificities and targeting of each of these pathways. In particular, we highlight recent studies that indicate CMTs preferentially target CWG or CWA/CAW motifs （where W is A or T）, and discuss how self-reinforcing feedback loops between DNA methyltransferases and histone modifications characteristic of heterochromatin specify targeting. Finally, the initiating events that lead to gene body methylation are discussed as a model illustrating how interde- pendent targeting of different silencing pathways can potentiate the establishment of off-target epialleles.

关键词： heterochromatin DNA methylation gene body methylation epiallele DNA methyltransferase,chromomethylase

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Covering Your Bases： Inheritance of DNA Methylation in Plant Genomes

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Molecular Plant 2014年第3期7卷 472-480页

作者： Chad E. Niederhuth robert j. Schmitz Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Cytosine methylation is an important base modification that is inherited across mitotic and meiotic cell divisions in plant genomes. Heritable methylation variants can contribute to within-species phenotypic variation. Few methylation variants were known until recently, making it possible to begin to address major unanswered questions： the extent of natural methylation variation within plant genomes, its effects on phenotypic variation, its degree of depend- ence on genotype, and how it fits into an evolutionary context. Techniques like whole-genome bisulfite sequencing （WGBS） make it possible to determine cytosine methylation states at single-base resolution across entire genomes and populations. Application of this method to natural and novel experimental populations is revealing answers to these long-standing questions about the role of DNA methylation in plant genomes.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics epiallele whole-genome bisulfite sequencing.

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How spiders practice aggressive and Batesian mimicry

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 620-629页

作者： Ximena j. NELSON robert R. jACKSON School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Thomas Odhiambo Campus EO. Box 30 Mbita Point Kenya

To understand communication, the interests of the sender and the receiver/s of signals should be considered separately. When our goal is to understand the adaptive significance of specific responses to specific signals by the receiver, questions about signal information are useful. However, when our goal is to understand the adaptive significance to the sender of generating a signal, it may be better to envisage the receiver’s response to signals as part of the sender’s extended phenotype. By making signals, a sender interfaces with the receiver’s model of the world and indirectly manipulates its behaviour. This is especially clear in cases of mimicry, where animals use deceptive signals that indirectly manipulate the behaviour of receivers. Many animals adopt Batesian mimicry to deceive their predators, or aggressive mimicry to deceive their prey. We review examples from the literature on spiders to illustrate how these phenomena, traditionally thought of as distinct, can become entangled in a web of lies.

关键词：拟态蜘蛛信号接收器练习动物使用欺骗性信号信息响应信号

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Red osier dogwood and its use in animal nutrition:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 64-77页

作者： Taiwo joseph Erinle Martine Boulianne Younes Miar robert Scales Deborah Adewole Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture Faculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityTruro NSB2N 5E3Canada Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Montreal3200 Sicotte StreetSaint-Hyacinthe QCJ2S 2M2Canada Red Dog Enterprises Ltd. Swan River MBR0L 1Z0Canada

As the human population increases globally,the food animal industry has not been spared from the monumental demand for edible animal products,particularly *** has necessitated the simulta-neous expansion of the productivity of the animal sector to meet the ever-growing human *** antibiotics have been used in food animal production with commendable positive impacts on their growth performance,their sole contributive factor to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance has ushered the strict restrictions placed on their use in the animal *** has handed a setback to both animals and farmers;thus,the intense push for a more sustainable antibiotic alternative for use in animal *** use of plants with concentrated phytogenic compounds has gained much interest due to their beneficial bioactivities,including antioxidant and selective *** the reported beneficial activities of phytogenic additives on animals vary due to their varying total polyphenol concentrations(TPC),red osier dogwood(ROD)plant materials boast of high TPC with excellent antioxidant prowess and growth improvement capacities compared to some plant extracts commonly used in ***,its adoption in research and commercial scale is still ***,the present review aims to provide concise information on the dietary potential of ROD plant materials in animal feeding.

关键词： Red osier dogwood Antibiotic-alternative Polyphenolic compounds Antioxidant Antimicrobial

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Diagnosis and treatment of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

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World journal of Cardiology 2020年第1期12卷 7-25页

作者： robert j Henning College of Public Health University of South Florida

Nearly six million people in United States have heart *** percent of these people have normal left ventricular(LV)systolic heart function but abnormal diastolic function due to increased LV myocardial *** commonly,these patients are elderly women with hypertension,ischemic heart disease,atrial fibrillation,obesity,diabetes mellitus,renal disease,or obstructive lung *** annual mortality rate of these patients is 8%-12%per *** diagnosis is based on the history,physical examination,laboratory data,echocardiography,and,when necessary,by cardiac *** with obesity,hypertension,atrial fibrillation,and volume overload require weight reduction,an exercise program,aggressive control of blood pressure and heart rate,and *** devices inserted into patients for pulmonary artery pressure monitoring provide early warning of increased pulmonary pressure and *** significant coronary heart disease is present,coronary revascularization should be considered.

关键词： Diastolic heart failure Myocardial stiffness Incomplete left ventricular relaxation Echocardiographic heart failure criteria Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring Drug treatment

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A spectral response approach for detecting dominant phytoplankton size class from satellite remote sensing

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第2期29卷 14-32页

作者： robert j W Brewin Samantha j Lavender Nick j Hardman-Mountford Takafumi Hirata School of Marine Science and Engineering University of Plymouth UK ARGANS Ltd Plymouth UK Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) Plymouth UK National Centre for Earth Observation PMLPlymouthUK Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University NIOVV5kita-kuSapporo 060-0810 Japan National Centre for Earth Observation PMLPlymouthUK Graduate School of Environmental Earth ScienceHokkaido University NIOVV5kita-kuSapporo 060-0810Japan Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University NIOVV5kita-kuSapporo 060-0810Japan

An important goal in ocean colour remote sensing is to accurately detect different phytoplankton groups with the potential uses including the validation of multi-phytoplankton carbon cycle models; synoptically monitoring the health of our oceans, and improving our understanding of the bio-geochemical interactions between phytoplankton and their environment. In this paper a new algorithm is developed for detecting three dominant phytoplankton size classes based on distinct differences in their optical signatures. The technique is validated against an independent coupled satellite reflectance and in situ pigment dataset and run on the 10-year NASA Sea viewing Wide Field of view Sensor （SeaWiFS） data series. Results indicate that on average 3.6% of the global oceanic surface layer is dominated by microplankton, 18.0% by nanoplankton and 78.4% by pieoplankton. Results, however, are seen to vary depending on season and ocean basin.

关键词： phytoplankton size remote sensing absorption ocean colour SeaWiFS

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