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Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 288-298页

作者： robert j.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading, thoughts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management

Glycolysis and glucose metabolism as a target for bioenergetic and neuronal protection in glaucoma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1637-1638页

作者： Pete A.Williams robert j.Casson Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Ophthalmic Research Laboratories Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

Vision is arguably our most valued sense,yet approximately 340 million people globally suffer blindness or moderate visual impairment,highlighting the need to further develop and advance treatments for ophthalmic *** refers to a group of ocular disorders united by a clinically characteristic optic neuropathy with associated retinal ganglion cell loss.

关键词： metabolism glaucoma globally

Does MgSO_(4) protect the preterm brain?Dissecting its role in the pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1861-1862页

作者： robert Galinsky Laura Bennet Alistair j.Gunn The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Mitigating preterm encephalopathy continues to be one of the greatest challenges in perinatal *** encephalopathy is associated with high mortality,serious morbidity,and significant socio-economic impacts on the individuals,their families,and public health sectors and welfare systems that last a *** cost of disability associated with preterm brain inj.ry continues to *** of this inj.ry,and disability,would significantly reduce this socioeconomic burden.

关键词： encephalopathy mortality hypoxic

Extracellular vesicles and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 disease

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BIOCELL 2024年第1期48卷 1-8页

作者： YU LIU robert j.KASPER NATALIE j.S.CHOI Department of Family and Community Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membranous vesicular structures released from almost all eukaryotic cell types under different physiological or pathological *** evidence demonstrates that EVs can serve as mediators of intercellular communication between donor and recipient cells or microorganism-infected and noninfected *** disease 2019(COVID-19)disease is caused by infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)of host cells in the respiratory system and various extra-pulmonary tissue/organs,resulting in complications of multiple organ *** the cell surface receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)mediates cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells in patients with *** studies have found that ACE2 can be released with EVs,which have been shown to interfere with the entry of the virus into host cells and thus may be involved in COVID-19 *** addition,ACE2,neprilysin(NEP),and thimet oligopeptidase(TOP)are the key enzymes that regulate angiotensin metabolism by converting angiotensin II or angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-7,the latter of which has protective effects in counterbalancing the harmful effects of angiotensin II in COVID-19 *** review summarizes the recent research progress regarding EV-associated ACE2,NEP,and TOP and the perspectives of their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles COVID-19 Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Thimet oligopeptidase

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双磷酸改性血管支架作为基因载体的研究

国际生物医学工程杂志 2012年第1期35卷 3-7,I0001页

作者：王勇俞玫张琳华马桂蕾 Ilia Fishbein Ivan S. Alferiev robert j. levy 宋存先中国医学科学院北京协和医学院生物医学工程研究所天津300192 PA 19104 USA Division of Cardiology The Children＇s Hospital of Philadelphia

目的将基因通过化学偶联和特异性免疫结合在双磷酸氨基酯改性的316L不锈钢冠状动脉支架上，评价支架改性和负载质粒DNA的效果。方法金属支架首先利用双磷酸氨基酯改性引入氨基活性基团，化学偶联抗DNA抗体，然后免疫偶联质粒DNA，得到... 详细信息

目的将基因通过化学偶联和特异性免疫结合在双磷酸氨基酯改性的316L不锈钢冠状动脉支架上，评价支架改性和负载质粒DNA的效果。方法金属支架首先利用双磷酸氨基酯改性引入氨基活性基团，化学偶联抗DNA抗体，然后免疫偶联质粒DNA，得到血管支架上负载抗体和基因的模型。结果利用x射线光电子能谱（xPs）和原子力显微镜（AFM）等分析确定了支架表面磷酸氨基的存在，同位素标记验证了改性后支架表面结合的抗体具有很好的稳定性和结合容量。结论双磷酸氨基改性的血管支架表层富含可反应氨基，可以作为新型反应界面，与生物活性分子进行偶联反应。

关键词：支架双磷酸酯质粒DNA 基因载体

Bioactive compounds in Hericium erinaceus and their biological properties:a review

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1825-1844页

作者： Yue Qiu Genglan Lin Weiming Liu Fuming Zhang robert j.Linhardt Xingli Wang Anqiang Zhang College of Food Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Zhej.ang Biosan Biotech Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310052China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering Biological ScienceCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA

Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing *** is also effective in protecting the digestive system and preventing neurodegenerative *** this review paper,we summarize the sources,structures and efficacies of the main active components in *** fruiting body,mycelium,and culture media,and update the latest research progress on their biological activities and the related molecular *** on this information,we provide detailed challenges in current research,industrialization and information on the active ingredients of *** for future studies and new applications of *** are proposed.

关键词： Hericium erinaceus Bioactive compounds Biological activities Antioxidation Neuroprotection Immunoregulation

Single-shot 3D incoherent imaging with diffuser endoscopy

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第2期5卷 64-74页

作者： j.lian Lich Tom Glosemeyer j.rgen Czarske robert Kuschmierz Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique TU DresdenGermany Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems(BIOLAS) TU DresdenGermany Else Kroner Fresenius Center for Digital Health(EKFZ) TU DresdenGermany Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life TU DresdenGermany

Minimally invasive endoscopy offers a high potential for biomedical imaging ***,conventional fiberoptic endoscopes require lens systems which are not suitable for real-time 3D ***,a diffuser is utilized for passively encoding incoherent 3D obj.cts into 2D speckle *** networks are employed for fast computational image reconstruction beyond the optical memory *** this paper,we demonstrate single-shot 3D incoherent fiber imaging with keyhole access at video *** the diffuser fiber endoscope for fluorescence imaging is promising for in vivo deep brain diagnostics with cellular resolution.

关键词： Endoscopy Diffuser Deep learning Coherent fiber bundle Multicore fiber Neural networks Fiber optics Speckle patterns Fluorescence imaging

A triangular architectural relation model among sustainability,beauty,and power

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 699-711页

作者： j.n Legény robertŠpaček TomášHubinský Lucia Benkovičová Faculty of Architecture and Design Slovak University of Technology in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia

Sustainability,beauty,and power are notions that hit our contemporary perception every ***,they have been an integral part of architecture and urban planning in various forms since the *** paper presents their fundamental descriptions,followed by an assessment of their mutual relations and impact on architecture through a triangular architectural relation model developed by the authors of the *** the theoretical thought experiment,it highlights eight boundary models along with their main characteristics,in particular,the implosion,explosion,shared-control,utilitarian,no-control,supremacy,inside-forced,and outside-forced architectural related *** models can help predict future events,explain past events,make decisions,and plan strategies,or reveal problems and propose new *** applications include determination of the causes of certain results or finding out the responsibility and mechanisms that led to *** authors are of the opinion that the mutual denominator of sustainability,beauty,and power represents ethics that should be forced in architectural education and practice.

关键词： Triangular architectural relation model Sustainability Beauty Power Thought experiment Interpretation

Layer chicken microbiota:a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics across all maj.r gut sections

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1056-1070页

作者： Yadav Sharma Baj.gai Thi Thu Hao Van Nitish j.at Kapil Chousalkar robert j.Moore Dragana Stanley Institute for Future Farming Systems Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia

Background The gut microbiota influences chicken health,welfare,and productivity.A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth,efficient feed utilisation,a well-developed immune system,disease resistance,and stress tolerance in *** studies on chicken gut microbiota have predominantly focused on broiler chickens and have usually been limited to one or two sections of the digestive system,under con-trolled research environments,and often sampled at a single time *** extend these studies,this investigation examined the microbiota of commercially raised layer chickens across all maj.r gut sections of the digestive system and with regular sampling from rearing to the end of production at 80 *** aim was to build a detailed picture of microbiota development across the entire digestive system of layer chickens and study spatial and temporal *** The taxonomic composition of gut microbiota differed significantly between birds in the rearing and pro-duction stages,indicating a shift after laying *** microbiota compositions were observed between proven-triculus and gizzard,as well as between j.j.num and ileum,likely due to their anatomical ***-lus dominated the upper gut in pullets and the lower gut in older *** oesophagus had a high proportion of Proteobacteria,including opportunistic pathogens such as *** abundance of Gallibacterium increased after peak production in multiple gut *** was enriched in the late-lay phase compared to younger birds in multiple gut *** influenced microbial richness and diversity in different *** upper gut showed decreased diversity over time,possibly influenced by dietary changes,while the lower gut,specifi-cally cecum and colon,displayed increased richness as birds ***,age-related changes were inconsist-ent across all organs,suggesting the influence of organ-specific factors in micro

关键词： Chicken microbiota Gut microbiota Layers Spatial variation Temporal variation