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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2023年第2期7卷 102-107页

作者： Ana M.Palacios Rachel A.Feiner robert M.Cabrera Department of Nutritional Sciences Dell Pediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas Department of Health Policy and Community Health Jiann Ping Hsu College of Public HealthGeorgia Southern UniversitySavannahGeorgia Department of behavioral Neuroscience College of ScienceNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusetts Center for Precision Environmental Health Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas

Objectives:Folates are b vitamins that are essential for several molecular,cellular,and biological processes,including nucleotide synthesis,methylation,and methionine *** physiological impacts of these processes on health also extend to cell proliferation,folate deficiency anemia,and reduction of the risk of birth defects during *** primary objective of this study was to characterize the binding affinities of different folate forms,folic acid(FA),5-methyltetrahydrofolate(5MTHF),and folinic acid,to the folate receptorsαandβ,and to the bovine milk folate binding *** three dietary forms of folate are found in enriched grains(FA),various fruits and leafy vegetables(folinic acid),and red blood cells(5MTHF).Methods:The half maximal inhibitory concentration values and binding curves of each of these folates for each receptor were ***:Our results indicated that FA had the highest affinity for all folate receptors,followed by 5MTHF,and lastly,by folinic acid,examined by several orders of ***:These data are expected to provide new insights into the therapeutic applications of the different forms of folate in a variety of diseases.

关键词： 5-methyltetrahydrofolate folic acid folinic acid folate receptorα folate receptorβ affinity

Effectiveness of bNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines against omicron in children aged 5 to 11 years

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第10期19卷 949-960页

作者： Eduardo A.Oliveira Maria Christina L.Oliveira Ana Cristina Simões e Silva Enrico A.Colosimo robert H.Mak Mariana A.Vasconcelos Ludmila R.Silva Daniella b.Martelli Clara C.Pinhati Hercílio Martelli-Júnior Department of Pediatrics Health Sciences Postgraduate ProgramSchool of MedicineFederal University of Minas Gerais(UFMG)R.Engenheiro Amaro Lanari 389/501Belo HorizonteMG30130-100Brazil Department of Statistics Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Department of Pediatrics Rady Children’s HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA Health Science/Postgraduate Program in Nursing.School of Nursing Federal University of Minas Gerais(UFMG)Belo HorizonteMG30130-100Brazil Health Science/Primary Care Postgraduate Program State University of Montes Claros(Unimontes)Montes ClarosMG39401-089Brazil

background This study aimed to estimate vaccine effectiveness(VE)against omicron variant infection and severe corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)in children aged 5–11 years hospitalized with acute respiratory *** A test-negative,case–control analysis was conducted from February 2022 to June *** enrolled 6950 eligible children,including 1102 cases and 5848 *** was calculated after immunization with one and two doses of bNT162b2 or *** outcomes were hospitalization with acute respiratory symptoms and detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection and severe *** adjusted odds ratio for the association of prior vaccination and outcomes was used to estimate *** For fully vaccinated children,the overall estimated VE against hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 42%[95%confidence interval(CI)26 to 54].VE peaked at 29–42 days(67%,95%CI 40%to 82%)and then declined to 19%(95%CI,−20%to 45%)at 57–120 days after the second *** bNT162b2 vaccine had a similar VE against hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 infection(45%,95%CI,20 to 61)compared to the CoronaVac vaccine(40%,95%CI,17%to 56%).Among cases,56(5%)children died;53(94.6%)were not fully *** cases,the two-dose schedule effectiveness against ICU admission,need for invasive ventilation,severe illness,and death were 10%(95%CI,−54%–45%),22%(95%CI−70%–68%),12%(95%CI,−62%–52%),and 16%(95%CI,−77%–75%),*** For hospitalized children aged 5–11 years during the omicron-predominant period in brazil,two doses of both vaccines had moderate effectiveness against hospitalization with acute respiratory symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection and offered limited protection against endpoints of COVID-19 severity.

关键词： Children COVID-19 Effectiveness Omicron Vaccine

Compliance with SEP-1 guidelines is associated with improved outcomes for septic shock but not for severe sepsis

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2022年第3期2卷 167-172页

作者： Shelly NbSloan Nate Rodriguez Thomas Seward Lucy Sare Lukas Moore Greg Stahl Kerry Johnson Scott Goade robert Arnce Department of Primary Care College of MedicineKansas City University2901St.Johns Blvd.JoplinMO 64804USA Department of Quality Improvement Freeman Health SystemJoplinMO 64804USA Department of Mathematics Missouri Southern State UniversityJoplinMO 64801USA Department of Pharmacy Freeman Health SystemJoplinMO 64804USA

background: In 2018, the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) issued a protocol for the treatment of sepsis. This bundle protocol, titled SEP-1 is a multicomponent 3 h and 6 h resuscitation treatment for patients with the diagnosis of either severe sepsis or septic shock. The SEP-1 bundle includes antibiotic administration, fluid bolus, blood cultures, lactate measurement, vasopressors for fluid-refractory hypotension, and a reevaluation of volume status. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with either severe sepsis or septic shock comparing mortality outcomes based on compliance with the updated SEP-1 bundle at a rural community hospital. Methods: Mortality outcome and readmission data were extracted from an electronic medical records database from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes were used to identify patients with either severe sepsis or septic shock. Once identified, patients were separated into four populations: patients with severe sepsis who met SEP-1, patients with severe sepsis who failed SEP-1, patients with septic shock who met SEP-1, and patients with septic shock who failed SEP-1. A patient who met bundle criteria (SEP-1 criteria) received each component of the bundle in the time allotted. Using chi-squared test of homogeneity, mortality outcomes for population proportions were investigated. Two sample proportion summary hypothesis test and 95% confidence intervals (CI) determined significance in mortality outcomes. Results: Out of our 1122 patient population, 437 patients qualified to be measured by CMS criteria. Of the 437 patients, 195 met the treatment bundle and 242 failed the treatment bundle. Upon comparing the two groups, we found the probable difference in mortality rate between the met(14.87%) and failed bundle(27.69%) groups to be significant(95% CI: 5.28-20.34, P = 0.0013). However, the driving force of this result lies in the subgroup of patients w

关键词： SEP-1 Sepsis Early goal-directed therapy Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services Quality improvement Reimbursement

Commentary: Unexpected Novel Chemical Weapon Agents Designed by Innocuous Drug-Development AI (Artificial Intelligence) Algorithm

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2022年第7期13卷 225-229页

作者： robert b. Raffa Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Thomas Miller Daniel Motto School of Pharmacy (Emeritus Prof.) Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharmacy (Adjunct) University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA Neumentum Summit NJ USA Enalare Therapeutics Princeton NJ USA NEMA Research Naples FL USA Sydney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA

Recent publications reveal the disturbing information that a minor edit to an algorithm being used for designing legitimate drug candidates redirected the program in a way that resulted in the surprising design of novel chemical warfare agent candidates. Although this outcome was not the result of nefarious intent, and appropriate chemical defense authorities were notified, the potential implications of some misapplication of a drug-design algorithm for nefarious purposes are clear. This Commentary summarizes how otherwise benign Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms used for drug discovery can be easily reversed to design novel chemical warfare agents for which no effective antidote will be available, or perhaps even envisioned.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Drug Discovery Chemical Weapons Machine Learning Generative Model Toxicity Prediction

具有智能评阅功能的在线有机化学习题平台:ACE:Organic简介及其在教学中的应用

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化学教育（中英文） 2022年第8期43卷 106-110页

作者：孙静波魏忠林 Grossman robert b. 卢然吉林大学化学学院吉林长春130021 Department of Chemistry University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506-0055

ACE:Organic(Achieving Chemistry Excellence:Organic Chemistry)是具有智能反馈功能的在线有机化学习题平台。学生利用系统中的画图软件在线完成每个练习题后,平台会判断学生的回答是否正确,即时给出评价与提示,引导学生找到解决问题... 详细信息

ACE:Organic(Achieving Chemistry Excellence:Organic Chemistry)是具有智能反馈功能的在线有机化学习题平台。学生利用系统中的画图软件在线完成每个练习题后,平台会判断学生的回答是否正确,即时给出评价与提示,引导学生找到解决问题的思路。对于复杂的机理与合成题,ACE可以接受多种合理的回答。教师可以通过查看平台的统计数据,随时了解学生对知识点的掌握情况。ACE设有论坛,便于教师和学生互动。教学实践证明,ACE的开放有效地提高了学生对有机化学的学习兴趣,培养了学生严谨的科学态度。

关键词： ACE:Organic 在线习题智能评价有机化学

Use of the O-Z flap as an alternative to free tissue transfer for reconstruction of large scalp defects

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第4期8卷 355-360页

作者： Austin C.Cao Ryan M.Carey Mitali Shah Kevin Chorath robert M.brody Steven b.Cannady Jason G.Newman Rabie M.Shanti Karthik Rajasekaran Perelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PA Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PA Drexel University College of Medicine Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia19102PA Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PA Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA

Objective:The reconstruction of large scalp defects poses both functional and cosmetic *** free tissue transfer remains the standard for defects larger than 30 cm^(2),prolonged anesthesia and postoperative complications remain significant *** purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of O-Z flaps for the reconstruction of large scalp defects and to describe the techniques ***:This is a retrospective analysis of ten patients who underwent reconstructive surgery using an O-Z flap approach for large scalp defects between July 2017 and June *** parameters included in this study were patient demographics,tumor characteristics,and postoperative management,collected for at least a year after ***:In this cohort,the mean age was 76.1 years and 90%were *** patients were treated for neoplastic skin lesions,with 70%located on the vertex and 30%located on the temporoparietal *** mean size of defect was 52.0 cm^(2)(range:38.6 to 63.8 cm^(2)).The maximum hospital stay was two days,and no patients were readmitted within 30 days of *** were no cases of wound infection or flap *** patients reported pain control with acetaminophen and *** patients received adjuvant radiation,and there was no delay to receiving treatment following ***:The O-Z flap is a reliable alternative for the reconstruction of non-irradiated scalp defects in the vertex and temporoparietal regions up to 63 cm^(2).This technique provides advantages for patients,including hairline preservation,shorter hospital stays,and decreased postoperative complications.

关键词： Scalp reconstruction Local flaps Free flap reconstruction Facial plastics Microvascular surgery Head and neck cancer

Does Selection for Seedling Tiller Number in Perennial biomass Feedstocks Translate to Yield and Quality Improvements in Mature Swards?

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1223-1234页

作者： robert b. Mitchell Kenneth P. Vogel Susan J. Tunnell James L. Stubbendieck Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit USDA-ARS Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA

breeding for seedling traits in herbaceous perennial biomass feedstocks that translate into increased biomass yield or quality in established swards could accelerate the development of perennial grass cultivars for bioenergy or forage. In previously reported research, breeding for single large tillers (ST) or multiple tillers (MT, ≥3) six weeks after planting for two generations in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) base populations produced ST and MT populations that differed significantly for seedling and mature plant traits including biomass yield in spaced planted nurseries. Our objective was to evaluate these ST and MT populations in sward trials to determine the effect of these genetic changes on biomass yield and quality when the plants were grown in competitive sward conditions. big bluestem monocultures of the base, ST, and MT populations were evaluated at three locations in Nebraska in 2001 and 2002 as randomized complete block experiments with four replicates. Switchgrass monocultures of the base, ST, and MT populations were evaluated in 2003, 2004, and 2005 near Mead, NE as a randomized complete block with six replicates. In both big bluestem and switchgrass, the ST and MT populations did not consistently differ from the base population or each other for biomass yield or forage quality. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating perennial grasses in sward trials and not relying solely on greenhouse-grown plants or space-planted nurseries to develop selection criteria and make selection decisions.

关键词： Seedling Tiller Number Perennial biomass

Confirmed Envenomation by Androctonus amoreuxi (Egyptian Yellow Fat Tail Scorpion)

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2023年第4期12卷 88-92页

作者： robert Cole Pueringer Kirk Hughes Isaac Yelkin Jon b. Cole Travis D. Olives Minnesota Poison Control System Minneapolis USA Department of Emergency Medicine Essentia Health Duluth USA Department of Emergency Medicine Hennepin Healthcare Minneapolis USA

In the United States, envenomations by native scorpion species such as Centruroides are common and generally well-tolerated. On the contrary, Androctonus species envenomations are exceedingly rare outside the Middle East and North Africa but are particularly deadly. We report a case of envenomation by an Egyptian Yellow Fat Tail (Androctonus amoreuxi) scorpion and the subsequent clinical course. A hobbyist and dangerous scorpion collector was stung by his pet Androctonus amoreuxi, purchased online. Our patient rapidly developed severe localized pain followed by systemic effects, including tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, anxiety, GI symptoms, diplopia, dyspnea, profound myalgias, and intense paresthesias. Ultimately, he was diagnosed with a grade 2-to-3 scorpion envenomation based upon evidence of autonomic hyperactivity and cranial nerve dysfunction. He never progressed to cardiopulmonary compromise;neither dobutamine nor antivenom was administered, and he improved with supportive care alone. Case details were verified in person and via electronic medical record review.

关键词： Androctonus amoreuxi Fat Tail Scorpion Envenomation

MicroRNAs:Role in hepatitis C virus pathogenesis

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Genes & Diseases 2015年第1期2卷 35-45页

作者： Shubham Shrivastava robert Steele Ranjit Ray Ratna b.Ray Department of Pathology Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMOUSA Department of Internal Medicine Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMOUSA

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a global health burden with an estimated 170e200 million peoples chronically infected *** infection remains as an independent risk factor for chronic hepatitis,liver cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and a major reason for liver *** of direct acting antiviral(DAA)drugs have shown promising results with more than 90%success rate in clearing the HCV RNA in patients,although long-term consequences remain to be ***(miRNAs)are important players in establishment of HCV infection and target crucial host cellular factors needed for productive HCV replication and augmented cell *** expression of miRNAs is involved in the pathogenesis associated with HCV infection by controlling signaling pathways such as immune response,proliferation and *** is emerging as a means of communication between various cell types inside the *** is likely possibility of developing circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of disease progression and can also serve as diagnostic tool with potential of early therapeutic intervention in HCV associated end stage liver *** review focuses on recent studies highlighting the contribution of miRNAs in HCV life cycle and their coordinated regulation in HCV mediated liver disease progression.

关键词： Circulatory miRNAs HCV Interferon signaling Liver disease MicroRNA

The Medical Geology revolution --The evolution of an IUGS initiative

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Episodes 2007年第4期30卷 305-309页

作者： Olle Selinus robert b. Finkelman Jose A. Centeno Geological Survey of SwedenUppsala SE-751 28SWEDEN University of Texas at DallasDept. of GeosciencesRichardson TX 750833USA U. S. Armed Forces Institute of PathologyWashington DC 20306-6000USA

Introduction In December 2003 Episodes published an article entitled'Medical Geology:New Relevance in the Earth Sciences'by bowman,bobrowski,and *** paper was iust one early example of the interest and excitement sparked by this emerging field of medical geology-the impacts of geologic materials and geologic processes on animal and human *** geology attempts to bring together geoscientists and biomedical/public health researchers to address a range of environmental health problems.

关键词：医学地质学进化方法国际地质科学联合会创作精神