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The Medical Geology revolution --The evolution of an IUGS initiative

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Episodes 2007年第4期30卷 305-309页

作者： Olle Selinus robert b. Finkelman Jose A. Centeno Geological Survey of SwedenUppsala SE-751 28SWEDEN University of Texas at DallasDept. of GeosciencesRichardson TX 750833USA U. S. Armed Forces Institute of PathologyWashington DC 20306-6000USA

Introduction In December 2003 Episodes published an article entitled “Medical Geology： New Relevance in the Earth Sciences” by bowman, bobrowski, and Selinus. This paper was just one early example of the interest and excitement sparked by this emerging field of medical geology-the impacts of geologic materials and geologic processes on animal and human health. Medical geology attempts to bring together geoscientists and biomedical/public health researchers to address a range of environmental health problems. Much of the impetus for the resurgence of interest in medical geology was a direct result of support and encouragement from the International Union of Geological Sciences （IUGS） and its former Commission on Geologic Sciences for Environmental Plan- ning （COGEOENVIRONMENT）.

关键词：医学地质学进化方法国际地质科学联合会创作精神

Creation and judicious application of a wheat resistance gene atlas

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Molecular Plant 2021年第7期14卷 1053-1070页

作者： Amber N.Hafeez Sanu Arora Sreya Ghosh David Gilbert robert L.bowden brande b.H.Wulff John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitManhattanKS 66506USA

Disease-resistance(R)gene cloning in wheat(Triticum aestivum)has been accelerated by the recent surge of genomic resources,facilitated by advances in sequencing technologies and ***,with the challenges of population growth and climate change,it is vital not only to clone and functionally characterize a few handfuls of R genes,but also to do so at a scale that would facilitate the breeding and deployment of crops that can recognize the wide range of pathogen effectors that threaten *** populations are continually changing,and breeders must have tools and resources available to rapidly respond to those changes if we are to safeguard our daily *** meet this challenge,we propose the creation of a wheat R-gene atlas by an international community of researchers and *** atlas would consist of an online directory from which sources of resistance could be identified and deployed to achieve more durable resistance to the major wheat pathogens,such as wheat rusts,blotch diseases,powdery mildew,and wheat *** present a costed proposal detailing how the inter-acting molecular components governing disease resistance could be captured from both the host and the pathogen through biparental mapping,mutational genomics,and whole-genome association *** explore options for the configuration and genotyping of diversity panels of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat,as well as their wild relatives and major pathogens,and discuss how the atlas could inform a dynamic,durable approach to R-gene *** against the current magnitude of wheat yield losses worldwide,recently estimated at 21%,this endeavor presents one route for bringing R genes from the lab to the field at a considerable speed and quantity.

关键词： wheat Triticum aestivum disease resistance R genes association genetics gene stewardship durable resistance

Dynamic materials fabricated from water soluble pillar[n]arenes bearing triethylene oxide groups

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第2期30卷 271-276页

作者： Tangxin Xiao Ling Zhou Lixiang Xu Weiwei Zhong Wei Zhao Xiao-Qiang Sun robert b.P.Elmes School of Petrochemical Engineering Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou University Department of Chemistry Maynooth University National University of Ireland

Pillar[n]arenes are a new kind of supramolecular macrocyclic hosts which have developed rapidly due to their unique topology and high functionality, giving rise to many applications in the construction of interesting and functional materials. Among them, water-soluble pillar[n]arenes bearing triethylene oxide (TEO) chains have drawn increasing research interest due to their advantageous properties. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of dynamic materials fabricated from water soluble pillar[n]arenes bearing TEO groups, including thermo responsive materials with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior, cyclic host liquids, and smart windows. It is anticipated that more and more ‘smart' supramolecular materials based on modified pillar[n]arenes will be developed in this burgeoning area of research.

关键词： Pillar[n]arenes Host-guest interactions LCST Thermoresponsive materials Smart window

Association between calcium sensing receptor gene polymorphisms and chronic pancreatitis in a US population:Role of serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1type and alcohol

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第28期14卷 4486-4491页

作者： Venkata Muddana Janette Lamb Julia b Greer beth Elinoff robert H Hawes Peter b Cotton Michelle A Anderson Randall E brand Adam Slivka David C Whitcomb Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Digestive Disorder Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston SC 29403United States Department of Medicine University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn Arbor MI 48109United States Department of medicine Northwestern Universityand Currently at University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh PA 15213United States

AIM： To test the hypothesis that calcium sensing receptor （CASR） polymorphisms are associated with chronic pancreatitis （CP）, and to determine whether serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1type （SPINK1） N34S or alcohol are necessary co-factors in its etiology. METHODS： Initially, 115 subjects with pancreatitis and 66 controls were evaluated, of whom 57 patients and 21 controls were predetermined to carry the high-risk SPINK1 N34S polymorphism. We sequenced CASR gene exons 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, areas containing the majority of reported polymorphisms and novel mutations. based on the initial results, we added 223 patients and 239 controls to analyze three common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in exon 7 （A986S, R990G, and Q1011E）. RESULTS： The CASR exon 7 R990G polyrnorphism was significantly associated with CP （OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12-3.59; P = 0.015）. The association between CASR R990G and CP was stronger in subjects who reported moderate or heavy alcohol consumption （OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.14-9.13; P = 0.018）. There was no association between the various CASR genotypes and SPINK1 N34S in pancreatitis. None of the novel CASR polymorphisms reported from Germany and India was detected. CONCLUSION： Our United States-based study confirmed an association of CASR and CP and for the first time demonstrated that CASR R990G is a significant risk factor for CP. We also conclude that the risk of CP with CASR R990G is increased in subjects with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption.

关键词： Calcium sensing receptor Serine protease inhibitor Kazal llype Chronic pancreatitis Alcohol

A putative plant organelle RNA recognition protein gene is essential for maize kernel development

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2015年第3期57卷 236-246页

作者： Antony M.Chettoor Gibum Yi Elisa Gomez Gregorio Hueros robert b.Meeley Philip W.becraft Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyIowa State University Carnegie Institution of Science Plant Genomics and breeding Institute Seoul National University Department of biotechnology and biomedicine University of AlcalaUniversity Campus Du Pont Pioneer Department of Agronomy Iowa State University

basal endosperm transfer layer（bETL） cells are responsible for transferring apoplastic solutes from the maternal pedicel into the endosperm,supplying the grain with compounds required for embryo development and storage reserve ***,we analyze the maize（Zea mays L.） empty pericarp6（emp6） mutant,which causes early arrest in grain *** Emp6 tgene function is required independently in both the embryo and *** emp6 mutant causes a notable effect on the differentiation of bETL cells;the extensive cell wall ingrowths that distinguish bETL cells are diminished and bETL marker gene expression is compromised in mutant *** tagging identified the emp6 locus as encoding a putative plant organelle RNA recognition（PORR） protein,1 of 15 PORR family members in *** emp6 transcript is widely detected in plant tissues with highest Researclevels in embryos and developing ***6-green fluorescent protein（GFP） fusion proteins transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves were targeted specifically to *** results suggest that bETL cell differentiation might be particularly energy intensive,or alternatively,that mitochondria might confer a developmental function.

关键词： Empty pericarp endosperm mitochondria RNA processing transfer cell

Identification of four novel DC-SIGN ligands on Mycobacterium bovis bCG

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Protein & Cell 2010年第9期1卷 859-870页

作者： Maria V.Carroll robert b.Sim Fabiana bigi Anne Jäkel Robin Antrobus Daniel A.Mitchell Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK Institute of biotechnology CICVyA-INTALos Reseros y Las Cabañas1712 CastelarArgentina Cambridge Institute of Medical Research Addenbrooke’s HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB20XYUK CSRI-UHCW Walsgrave Campus University of WarwickCoventryCV22DXUK

Dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin(DC-SIGN;CD209)has an important role in mediating adherence of Mycobacteria species,including *** and *** bCG to human dendritic cells and macrophages,in which these bacteria can survive ***-SIGN is a C-type lectin,and interactions with mycobacterial cells are believed to occur via mannosylated structures on the mycobacterial *** studies suggest more varied modes of binding to multiple mycobacterial *** we identify,by affinity chromatography and mass-spectrometry,four novel ligands of *** bCG that bind to *** novel ligands are chaperone protein DnaK,60 kDa chaperonin-1(Cpn60.1),glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)and lipoprotein *** published work strongly suggests that these are on the cell *** these ligands,lprG appears to bind DC-SIGN via typical proteinglycan interactions,but DnaK and Cpn60.1 binding do not show evidence of carbohydrate-dependent *** was also identified as a ligand for DC-SIGNR(L-SIGN;CD299)and the *** orthologue of lprG has been found previously to interact with human toll-like receptor ***,these findings offer new targets for combating mycobacterial adhesion and within-host survival,and reinforce the role of DCSIGN as an important host ligand in mycobacterial infection.

关键词： DC-SIGN Mycobacteria lectins

Mapping wetlands in Indonesia using Landsat and PALSAR data-sets and derived topographical indices

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2014年第1期17卷 60-71页

作者： belinda A.MARGONO Jean-robert b.bWANGOY Peter V.POTAPOV Matthew C.HANSEN Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland4321 Hartwick Bld.College ParkMD 20742USA GIS Center of Excellence South Dakota State University1021 Medary Ave.Wecota HallBrookingsSD 57007USA The Ministry of Forestry(MoF)of Indonesia Manggala Wanabhkati Bld.Jakarta 10270Indonesia

Wetlands play an important role in the provision of ecosystem services,ranging from the regulation of hydrological systems to carbon sequestration and biodiversity *** paper reports the mapping of Indonesia’s wetland cover as a single thematic class,including peatlands,freshwater wetlands,and ***-interpreted training data were used to identify wetland formations including areas of likely past wetland extent that have been converted to other land *** indices(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-derived)and optical(Landsat)and radar(PALSAR)image inputs were used to build a bagged classification tree model based on training data in order to generate a national-scale map of wetland extent at a 60 m spatial *** resulting wetland map covers 21.0%(39.6 Mha)of Indonesia’s land,including 25.2% of Sumatra(11.9 Mha),22.9% of Kalimantan(12.2 Mha),and 28.9% of Papua(11.8 Mha).Results agree with existing image-interpreted products from Indonesia’s Ministries of Forestry and Agriculture and Wetlands International(89% overall agreement),and with the Ministry of Forestry forest inventory data for Sumatra and Kalimantan(91% overall agreement).An internally consistent algorithm-derived national wetland extent map can be used to quantify changing rates of land conversion inside and outside of ***,wetlands extent can be used to efficiently allocate field resources in national assessments of wetland sub-types such as peatlands,which are a current focus of policies aiming to reduce carbon emissions from land use change.

关键词： wetlands Indonesia remote sensing Landsat digital elevation model(DEM) PALSAR Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)

Cyclooxygenase-2 and epithelial growth factor receptor up-regulation during progression of barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第6期12卷 928-934页

作者： Yan Li John M Wo Mukunda b Ray Whitney Jones Ruifeng R Su Susan Ellis robert C G Martin Division of Surgical Oncology University of Louisville School ofMedicine Louisville KY 40202 United States Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville KY 40202 United States Department of Anatomical Pathology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40202 United States

AIM： To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） and epithelial growth factor receptor （EGFR） throughout the progression of barrett＇s esophagus （bE）. METHODS： COX-2 and EGFR protein expressions were detected by using immunohistochemical method. A detailed cytomorphological changes were determined. Areas of COX-2 and EGFR expression were quantified by using computer Imaging System. RESULTS： The expressions of both COX-2 and EGFR increased along with the progression from bE to esophagus adenocarcinoma （EAC）. A positive correlation was found between COX-2 expression and EGFR expression. CONCLUSION： COX-2 and EGFR may be cooperative in the stepwise progression from bE to EAC, thereby leading to carcinogenesis.

关键词： Cycloxygenase -2 (COX-2) Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) barrett's esophagus Carcinogenesis

Sucrose transporter2 contributes to maize growth,development,and crop yield

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2017年第6期59卷 390-408页

作者： Kristen A.Leach Thu M.Tran Thomas L.Slewinski robert b.Meeley David M.braun Division of biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Plant Group Missouri Maize Center University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Department of biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA DuPont Pioneer Research & Development Johnston Iowa 50131 USA

During daylight, plants produce excess photo- synthates, including sucrose, which is temporarily stored in the vacuole. At night, plants remobilize sucrose to sustain metabolism and growth. based on homology to other sucrose transporter （SUT） proteins, we hypothesized the maize （Zea mays） SUCROSE TRANSPORTER2 （ZmSUT2） protein functions as a sucrose/H^＋ symporter on the vacuolar membrane to export transiently stored sucrose. To understand the biological role of ZmSut2, we examined its spatial and temporal gene expression, determined the protein subcellular localization, and characterized loss-of- function mutations. ZmSut2 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed and exhibited diurnal cycling in transcript abundance. Expressing a translational fusion of ZmSUT2 fused to a red fluorescent protein in maize mesophyll cell protoplasts revealed that the protein localized to the tonoplast. Under field conditions, zmsut2 mutant plants grew slower, possessed smaller tassels and ears, and produced fewer kernels when compared to wild-type siblings, zmsut2 mutants also accumulated two-fold more sucrose, glucose, and fructose as well as starch in source leaves compared to wild type. These findings suggest （i） ZmSUT2 functions to remobilize sucrose out of the vacuole for subsequent use in growing tissues; and （ii） its function provides an important contribution to maize development and agronomic yield.

关键词： William J. Lucas, University of California, Davis, USAReceived Dec. 30, 2016 Accepted Feb. 10, 20171 Online on Feb. 16,2017