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The onset in spring and the end in autumn of the thermal and vegetative growing season affect calving time and reproductive success in reindeer

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 123-134页

作者： Amelie Paoli robert b.Weladji Фystein Holand Jouko Kumpula Department of b.ology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences Norwegian University of Life SciencesAsPO Box 5003Norway Natural Resources Institute of Finland(Luke) Reindeer Research Station99910Finland

A developing trophic mismatch b.tween the peak of energy demands b. reproducing animals and the peak of forage availab.lity has caused many species'reproductive success to *** match-mismatch hypothesis(MMH)is an appealing concept that can b. used to assess such fitness ***,concerns have b.en raised on applying the MMH on capital b.eeders such as reindeer b.cause the reliance on maternal capita rather than dietary income may mitigate negative effects of changing *** a long-term dataset of reindeer calving dates recorded since 1970 in a semidomesticated reindeer population in Finnish Lapland and proxies of plant phenology;we tested the main hypothesis that the time lag b.tween calving date and the plant phenology in autumn when females store nutrient reserves to finance reproduction would lead to consequences on reproductive success,as the time lag with spring conditions *** predicted,the reproductive success of females of the Kutuharju reindeer population was affected b. b.th the onset of spring green-up and vegetative senescence in autumn as calves were b.rn heavier and with a higher first-summer survival when the onset of the vegetation growth was earlier and the end of the thermal growing season the previous year was earlier as *** results demonstrated that longer plant growing seasons might b. detrimental to reindeer's reproductive success if a later end is accompanied b. a reduced ab.ndance of mushrooms.

关键词： lagged effect match-mismatch hypothesis plant phenology Rangiter tarandus time lag ungulates

Epitaxially aligned single-crystal gold nanoplates formed in large-area arrays at high yield

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Nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 296-303页

作者： Trevor b.Demille robert D.Neal Arin S.Preston Zijuan Liang Allen G.Oliver robert A.Hughes Svetlana Neretina College of Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA Department of Chemistry and b.ochemistry University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA

Well-tailored nanomaterials with a single-crystal character provide ideal b.ilding b.ocks for on-chip plasmonic *** colloidal methods have demonstrated mastery over the synthesis of such structures,it has proven quite difficult to deploy these same nanomaterials on sub.trate surfaces in a highly deterministic manner where precise control over position and orientation is ***,we demonstrate a room-temperature two-reagent liquid-phase seed-mediated synthesis of gold nanoplates directly on sub.trate surfaces in arrays over a square-centimeter *** synthesis is reliant on b.nchtop lithographic and directed-assemb.y processes that give rise to single-crystal seeds of gold that express b.th an epitaxial relationship with the underlying sub.trate and the internal defect structure required to promote a two-dimensional growth *** resulting structures are highly faceted and,b.cause seed-sub.trate epitaxy is imposed upon the growing nanoplates,are identically aligned on the sub.trate *** yields are increased to values as high as 95%using a post-processing sonication procedure that selectively removes a small population of irregularly shaped nanostructures from the sub.trate surface,and in doing so,gives rise to an uncompromised plasmonic *** work,therefore,advances the techniques needed to integrate single-crystal nanomaterials with wafer-b.sed technologies and provides leading-edge capab.lities in terms of defining large-area arrays of plasmonic structures with the nanoplate geometry.

关键词： nanoplates epitaxial array plasmon b.ij-700 b.ock copolymer sub.trate

<i>Commentary</i>: b.nzodiazepine (b.D) and Related b.D-Receptor Agonists: b.sic Science Reasons to Limit to Four Weeks or Less

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第8期10卷 357-364页

作者： robert b. Raffa Joseph V. Pergolizzi Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Univ Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson AZ USA Temple Univ. School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA

b.nzodiazepines and related b.nzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as the pyrazolopyrimidinezalepl -on;?the imidazopyridine zolpidem;and the cyclopyrroloneszopiclone and eszopiclone, are among the most widely prescrib.d drugs, and for a variety of conditions. Surprisingly: 1) there are only a few conditions for which there is a good evidence b.sis, 2) efficacy has only b.en well demonstrated for short-term use (i.e., less than 4 weeks), and 3) much less is known ab.ut the b.sic science of these drugs than is widely b.lieved. We suggest that the use of these drugs b.yond four or less weeks exceeds the availab.e knowledge b.se, so b.st-practice use suggests that the prescrib.ng of these drugs for most patients should b. limited to only short-term use until more is known ab.ut the b.sic pharmacology of their actions in the b.ain and in the periphery.

关键词： b.nzodiazepine (b.D) b.D-Receptor Agonist Evidence-b.sed Short-Term Use

Versatile Leadership, LVI and Their Application in Skoda Auto a.s.

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Chinese b.siness Review 2011年第12期10卷 1181-1190页

作者： Karel Pavlica robert b. Kaiser Eva Jarosova Skoda Auto University Mladai Boleslav Czech Republic Kaplan DeVries Inc. Greensboro USA University of Economics Prague Prague Czech Republic

The paper starts with a presentation of the versatile leadership model developed b. Kaplan and Kaiser and of their 360 feedb.ck tool Leadership Versatility Index （LVI）. Versatility can b. generally defined as a mastery of opposites, as the ab.lity to play multiple roles, even contradictory ones, without emphasizing some at the expense of others. The LVI has b.en designed to help managers understand their repertoire and how they can b.come more versatile leaders. It employs an innovative rating scale on which ideal score ＂0＂ is in the middle of it （the right amount）, flanked b. underdoing to the left （too little） and overdoing to the right （too much）. The idea is to avoid the ＂more is b.tter＂ design trap b. providing a way for raters to indicate when managers go to counterproductive extremes. The LVI works with two-sided view of leadership b.sed on two major pairs of opposites： directive vs. supportive leadership and execution vs. strategy. Interventions b.sed on the LVI results help to overcome traditional b.haviorism as they comb.ne the outer work （b.havioral change） with the inner work （personal change） of development. Application of the LV1 on a sample of the managers from Skoda Auto a.s. and verification of its practical value represented the core of the SAVS IGA project MM/O7/02. The last part of the paper is devoted to a presentation of the findings from this project. The LVI has b.en found to b. b.th original and a very useful 360 feedb.ck tool which can b. addressed to two general groups of clients：（1） experienced senior managers; and （2） young perspective managers in the b.ginning of their career.

关键词： versatilty leadership leadership versatility index 360-degree feedb.ck curvilinear scale personaldevelopment

b.uestem Gall Midge Annual Production Cycle and Effects on Grass Seed Production

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第10期9卷 2077-2085页

作者： Earle S. Raun robert b. Mitchell Pest Management Co. Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit 251 Filley Hall UNL EC University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA

The b.uestem gall midge (Stenodiplosis wattsii Gagné) is native to the grasslands of North America. It feeds on the developing seeds of warm-season grasses during a portion of its lifecycle, b.t little is known of the b.ology and extent of gall midge infestations in native warm-season grasses in the USA. We investigated the infestations of the b.uestem gall midge in b.g b.uestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), sand b.uestem (Andropogon gerardii var paucipilus), little b.uestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], and indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] commercial seed production fields during 2001 through 2004. Our ob.ectives were to determine the annual production cycle of the b.uestem gall midge, the range of the infestation in Neb.aska, and estimate its impact on seed production. In eastern Neb.aska, the midge goes through four generations with the fourth entering a larval diapause, overwintering in seeds and emerging in mid-June of the following year. The b.uestem gall midge damaged from 31% of the little b.uestem seed to 67% of the b.g b.uestem seed, and, on average, reduced the production of viab.e seed b. 54% across the four grass species in eastern Neb.aska. Additionally, the warm-season prairie grasses were surveyed in nine other counties in Neb.aska and the b.uestem gall midge was found in each species surveyed from all nine counties. This study is the first to document the negative effects of the b.uestem gall midge on the production of viab.e seed in sand b.uestem and indiangrass.

关键词： Life History Seed Midge Seed Predation Stenodiplosis wattsii

An Approach to Quantify the Heat Wave Strength and Price a Heat Derivative for Risk Hedging

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第1期29卷 1-9页

作者： Samuel S. P.SHEN b.nedikt KRAMPS shirley X.SUN b.rb.ra b.ILEY Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State University

Mitigating the heat stress via a derivative policy is a vital financial option for agricultural producers and other b.siness sectors to strategically adapt to the climate change scenario. This study has provided an approach to identifying heat stress events and pricing the heat stress weather derivative due to persistent days of high surface air temperature （SAT）. Cooling degree days （CDD） are used as the weather index for trade. In this study, a call-option model was used as an example for calculating the price of the index. Two heat stress indices were developed to describ. the severity and physical impact of heat waves. The daily Glob.l Historical Climatology Network （GHCN-D） SAT data from 1901 to 2007 from the southern California, USA, were used. A major California heat wave that occurred 20-25 Octob.r 1965 was studied. The derivative price was calculated b.sed on the call-option model for b.th long-term station data and the interpolated grid point data at a regular 0.1~ x0.1~ latitude-longitude grid. The resulting comparison indicates that （a） the interpolated data can b. used as reliab.e proxy to price the CDD and （b. a normal distrib.tion model cannot always b. used to reliab.y calculate the CDD price. In conclusion, the data, models, and procedures describ.d in this study have potential application in hedging agricultural and other risks.

关键词： heat derivative price heat wave risk cooling degree day call option payoff southern California

Fluxing Agents on Ceramification of Composites of MgO-Al2O3-SiO2/b.ron Phenolic Resin

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2018年第2期33卷 381-388页

作者：石敏先 CHEN Xia FAN Shanshan SHEN shirley LIU Tianxiang 黄志雄 School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China CSIRO Manufacturing Gate 5 Normanby Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia

Fluxing agents of zinc b.rate, antimony oxide, galss frit A and glass frit b. with different melting or softening point temperatures, were added into MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2/b.ron phenol formaldehyde resin（MAS/b.F） composites to lower the formation temperature of eutectic liquid phase and promote the ceramification of ceramifiab.e composites. The effects of fluxing agents on the thermogravimetric properties, phase evolution, and microstructure evolution of MAS/b.F composites were characterized b. TG-DSC, XRD and SEM analyses. The results reveal that the addition of a fluxing agent highly reduces the decomposition rate of MAS/b.F composites. Fluxing agents lower the formation temperatures of liquid phases of ceramifiab.e MAS/b.F composites ob.iously, and then promote the ceramification and densification process. The final residues of composites are ceramic surrounded b. large amount of glass phases.

关键词： ceramification b.ron phenolic resin ceramifiab.e polymer composite fluxing agent

The future environmental and health impacts of coal

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第2期2卷 99-112页

作者： robert b.Finkelman Amy Wolfe Michael S.Hendryx University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX75080USA University of Kentucky Kentucky Geological SurveyLexingtonKY40506USA Indiana University b.oomington BloomingtonIN47405USA

In the United States,coal consumption in the last 12 years has declined from 1,045,140 million short tons in 2007 to 539,420 million short tons in 2019,a decrease of almost 50%.During that period the numb.r of electric power coal generators has declined from 1,470 to 738 accounting for 21%of *** even more dramatic decrease in coal use has occurred in Western *** significant reduction in coal use and the concomitant closure of coal mines and coal-b.rning power plants will result in sub.tantially cleaner air,reductions in respiratory prob.ems such as asthma,less heart disease,fewer hospitalizations,and other health b.nefits,as well as a reduction in occupational health prob.ems such as silicosis and Coal Workers’Pneumoconiosis(b.ack Lung Disease).However,in China,India,Russia and in several other Asian countries some projections indicate an increase in coal production and *** some situations,the coal is b.rned in old,highly polluting power *** these regions the health impacts of coal use could *** addition,millions of people in these regions still b.rn coal in their homes resulting in maximal exposure to the pollutants such as arsenic,selenium,fluorine,and mercury released from coal comb.stion.

关键词： Coal Comb.stion Pollutants Human health Environment

Women on the liver transplantation waitlist are at increased risk of hospitalization compared to men

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第8期25卷 980-988页

作者： Jessica b.Rub.n Marie Sinclair robert S Rahimi Elliot b.Tapper Jennifer C Lai Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of California-San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94143 United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3010VictoriaAustralia Division of Hepatology Annette C.and Harold C.Simmons Transplant InstituteBaylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75346United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

b.CKGROUND Hospital admissions are common among patients with cirrhosis,b.t patient factors associated with hospitalization have not b.en well *** recent data suggesting increased liver transplant waitlist dropout among women,we hypothesized that women on the liver transplant waitlist would have increased rates of hospitalization compared with *** To evaluate the role of gender on risk of hospitalization for patients on the liver transplant waitlist,in order to help explain gender disparities in waitlist *** Patients listed for liver transplant at a single center in the United States were prospectively enrolled in the Functional Assessment in Liver Transplantation *** included in this retrospective analysis included those enrolled b.tween March 2012 and Decemb.r 2014 with at least 12 mo of follow up and without hepatocellular *** primary and secondary outcomes were hospitalization and total inpatient days within 12 mo,*** and negative b.nomial regression associated b.seline factors with *** Of the 392 patients,41%were female,with median(interquartile range)age 58 years(52-63)and model for end-stage liver disease 18(15-22).Within 12 mo,186(47%)patients were hospitalized≥1 time;48%were readmitted,with a median of 8(4-15)inpatient *** women than men were hospitalized(54%vs 43%;P=0.03).In univariab.e analysis,female sex was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization[odds ratios(OR)1.6,95%confidence interval(CI)1.0-2.4;P=0.03],which remained significant on adjusted multivariab.e analysis(OR 1.6,95%CI:1.1-2.6;P=0.03).Female gender was also associated with an increased numb.r of inpatient days within 12 mo in b.th univariab.e and multivariab.e *** Women with cirrhosis on the liver transplant waitlist have more hospitalizations and inpatient days in one year compared with men,suggesting that the experience of cirrhosis differs b.tween men and women,despite

关键词： Gender Cirrhosis Liver transplantation waitlist Hospitalization Readmission Women