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Impact on Soil Organic C and total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. Rouquette jr. Cristine l.S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William l. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA texas A&M Agrilife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSl) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale l.) was planted following the incorporation of WSl treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSl) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSl treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata l. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSl tested. Decomposition rate of WSl biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum l. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.) were the most productive CSl in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green Manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems

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legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. Rouquette jr. Cristine l. S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William l. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA texas A&M Agrilife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, tX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor l.) production systems on a lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (l.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata l.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). Main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (ClGM) and winter fallow (FAll) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. the ClGM increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. the CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

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Very weak solutions to the two-dimensional Monge-Ampére equation Dedicated to Professor Jean-Yves Chemin on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第6期62卷 1041-1056页

作者： Wentao Cao lászló Székelyhidi jr. Institut für Mathematik Universit?t Leipzig

In this short note we revisit the convex integration approach to constructing very weak solutions to the 2D Monge-Ampére equation with H?lder-continuous ?rst derivatives of exponent β the approach of lewicka and Pakzad(2017) with a new diagonalization procedure which avoids the use of conformal coordinates, which was introduced by De lellis et al.(2018) for the isometric immersion problem.

关键词： Monge-Ampére equation convex integration weak solutions

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Cenozoic reactivation along the late triassic Ganzi-litang suture,eastern tibetan Plateau

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 1069-1080页

作者： W.t.Jackson jr. D.M.Robinson A.l.Weislogel X.Jian Department of Earth Sciences University of South AlabamaMobileAL36688USA Department of Geological Sciences and Center for Sedimentary Basin Studies The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA Department of Geography and Geology West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA State Key laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

the spatial-temporal development of Cenozoic reactivation along Mesozoic suture zones in the tibetan Plateau are first-order parameters needed for assessing models of plateau *** Ganzi-litang suture,in the eastern tibetan Plateau,developed in the late triassic because of subduction and closure along the eastern branch of the Paleo-tethys *** the city of litang,the Ganzi-litang suture is defined by a melange sequence with faultbound,synorogenic nonmarine strata along the western and eastern flanks,suggesting post-triassic structural *** present detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and field data to determine the timing and style of reactivation along the Ganzi-litang suture,as well as sedimentary provenance of nonmarine strata.A reverse fault placing melange rock on top of nonmarine strata along the eastern flank of the Ganzi-litang suture indicates a contractional deformational regime during *** clast counts indicate a local sediment source of recycled Ganzi-litang suture and Yidun terrane *** zircons indicate a localized provenance consisting of recycled material from triassic Yidun Arc plutons and triassic Yidun Group turbidite rock.A weighted mean average of Cenozoic zircon grains(n=10) establishes a maximum depositional age of41.5 ± 1.2 Ma for nonmarine strata in the Ganzi-litang *** interpret the maximum depositional age of the nonmarine strata to represent the upper-limit for structural reactivation along the Ganzi-litang suture while undeformed Neogene strata in the suture zone represent the lower-limit;thereby bracketing structural reactivation from ca.42-25 *** results provide enhanced spatial-temporal resolution for Cenozoic deformation in the eastern tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Nonmarine strata Yidun terrane tibetan plateau Zircon Suture zone Reactivation

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Ca^(2+) binding to the C_(2)E domain of otoferlin is required for hair cell exocytosis and hearing

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Protein & Cell 2024年第4期15卷 305-312页

作者： Han Chen Mehar Monga Qinghua Fang loujin Slitin Jakob Neef Shashank S.Chepurwar Regina Célia Mingroni Netto Karina lezirovitz Alfredo tabith,jr. Fritz Benseler Nils Brose Kathrin Kusch Carolin Wichmann Nicola Strenzke Barbara Vona Julia Preobraschenski tobias Moser Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarlab University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Collaborative Research Center 889 University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences Biophysics and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Biochemistry of Membrane Dynamics Group Institute for Auditory NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Systems Physiology Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-TroncoInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/lIM32 Faculdade de MedicinaHospital das ClínicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSP 05508-220Brazil DERDIC Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Department of Molecular Neurobiology Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence(MBExC) University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Functional Auditory Genomics Group Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate Center37077 GöttingenGermany Hearing Genomics Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Institute of Human Genetics University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany

Dear Editor,Afferent synapses of cochlear inner hair cells(IHCs)employ a unique molecular machinery(see extended background in Supplementary Materials).Otoferlin is a key player in this machinery and its defects cause human auditory synaptopathy(Moser and Starr,2016).Otoferlin,a tail-anchored(Vogl et al.,2016)multi-C_(2)-domain protein(Fig.1Ai)specific to hair cells(Roux et al.,2006),is a member of the ferlin protein family involved in membrane trafficking and repair that are of major disease relevance(Pangršičet al.,2012),also see Supplementary *** is distributed broadly within IHCs(Fig.2Ai-Aiii;Pangrsic et al.,2010;Roux et al.,2006).

关键词： auditory hair

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Round spermatid injection into human oocytes:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第4期23卷 363-369页

作者： Brent M Hanson taylor P Kohn Alexander W Pastuszak Richard t Scott jr.Philip J Cheng James M Hotaling Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility IVI-Reproductive Medicine Associates of New JerseyBasking RidgeNJ 07920USA Department of Urology The Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Surgery University of Utah Center for Reconstructive Urology and Men's HealthSalt Lake CityUT 84108USA

Many azoospermic men do not possess mature spermatozoa at the time of surgical sperm *** study is a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating outcomes following round spermatid injection(ROSI),a technique which utilizes immature precursors of spermatozoa for *** electronic search was performed to identify relevant articles published through October *** cohort studies in English involving male patients who had round spermatids identified and used for fertilization with human oocytes were *** rate,pregnancy rate,and resultant delivery rate were assessed following ***-analysis outcomes were analyzed using a random-effects *** were extracted from 22 studies involving 1099 couples and 4218 embryo *** fertilization rate after ROSI was 38.7%(95%confidence interval[CI]:31.5%–46.3%),while the pregnancy rate was 3.7%(95%CI:3.2%–4.4%).the resultant delivery rate was low,with 4.3%of embryo transfers resulting in a delivery(95%CI:2.3%–7.7%).the pregnancy rate per couple was 13.4%(95%CI:6.8%–19.1%)and the resultant delivery rate per couple was 8.1%(95%CI:6.1%–14.4%).ROSI has resulted in clinical pregnancies and live births,but success rates are considerably lower than those achieved with mature *** this technique may be a feasible alternative for men with azoospermia who decline other options,couples should be aware that the odds of a successful delivery are greatly diminished and the prognosis is relatively poor.

关键词： azoospermia in vitro fertilization infertility spermatozoa testis

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Mapping of Qtls and candidate genes associated with multiple phenotypic traits for Huanglongbing tolerance in citrus

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第4期9卷 705-719页

作者： Ming Huang Mikeal l. Roose Qibin Yu Ed Stover David G. Hall Zhanao Deng Frederick G.Gmitter jr. Key laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing College of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China Citrus Research and Education Center University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850United States Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521United States United States Horticultural Research laboratory Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureFort PierceFL 34945United States Gulf Coast Research and Education Center University of FloridaWimaumaFL 33598United States

Huanglongbing(HlB)is the most devastating disease for citrus *** liberibacter asiaticus(C las),vectored by Asian citrus psyllid(ACP,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama),is the most common pathogen causing the *** citrus varieties are highly susceptible to HlB,whereas trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata)is considered highly tolerant to *** F1 segregating population and their parent trifoliate orange and sweet orange,which had been exposed to intense HlB pressure for three years,was evaluated for disease symptoms,ACP colonization,C las titer and tree vigor repeatedly for two to three *** orange and sweet orange showed significant differences for most of the phenotypic traits,and the F1 population exhibited a large variation.A high-density SNP-based genetic map with 1402 markers was constructed for trifoliate orange,which exhibited high synteny and high coverage of its reference genome.A total of 26 quantitative trait locus(Qtls)were identified in four linkage groups lG-t6,lG-t7,lG-t8 and lG-t9,of which four Qtl clusters exhibit a clear co-localization of Qtls associated with different *** genome-wide analysis of gene expression in response to C las infection in‘Flying Dragon’and‘larger-Flower DPI-50-7’trifoliate orange,85 differentially expressed genes were found located within the Qtl *** them,seven genes were classified as defense or immunity protein which exhibited the highest transcriptional change after C las *** results indicate a quantitative genetic nature of HlB tolerance and identified candidate genes that should be valuable for searching for genetic solutions to HlB through breeding or genetic engineering.

关键词： Candidatus liberibacter Qtl mapping Phenotyping F1 population Poncirus Citrus

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亚热带森林植物的叶片和根系功能性状部分耦合但具有不同的群落性状分布格局

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第1期17卷 94-110页

作者： Wenqi luo Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes Monique Weemstra James F Cahill jr.Zi Wang Dong He Yongfa Chen Chengjin Chu Youshi Wang State Key laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences/School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China International Center for tropical Botany Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of Ecology and the Environment Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CtD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变... 详细信息

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CtD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变异,是否表现出类似的CtD,其CtD和群落加权平均性状值(CWM)是否沿环境梯度表现出类似的响应。研究结果表明,叶片和根系性状变异的第一轴均呈显出由资源获取向资源保守变异的经济学谱,但叶片变异的第二轴主要由叶片碳含量表征,而根系变异的第二轴主要由反映菌根协作程度的根系粗细表征。类比的叶片和根系化学性状整体正相关,但形态性状的耦合程度较低。在群落水平上,叶片和根系性状第一轴的CWM均随海拔升高而变得更保守,而第二轴的变化则不一致。随土壤磷含量的降低或钾含量的升高,根系变得更细和在养分性状上更保守,而叶片性状无显著变化。当整合多维性状轴时,叶片性状呈发散格局,且随海拔、土壤磷和钾含量的增加呈收敛趋势;而根系性状呈收敛格局,但沿上述环境梯度呈发散趋势。该研究强调,叶片和根系性状与环境互作的差异可能导致不同的性状分布格局;植物可通过多样的地上和地下功能设计应对环境异质性。

关键词：性状维度群落构建叶片性状根系性状植物经济谱群落性状结构亚热带森林

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Characterization of the proto-Philippine Sea Plate:Evidence from the emplaced oceanic lithospheric fragments along eastern Philippines

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第1期11卷 3-21页

作者： Carla B.Dimalanta Decibel V.Faustino-Eslava Jillian Aira S.Gabo-Ratio Edanjarlo J.Marquez Jenielyn t.Padrones Betchaida D.Payot Karlo l.Queano Noelynna t.Ramos Graciano P.Yumul jr. Rushurgent Working Group National Institute of Geological SciencesCollege of ScienceUniversity of the PhilippinesDilimanQuezon CityPhilippines School of Environmental Science and Management University of the PhilippinesLos BañosLagunaPhilippines Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics University of the Philippines-ManilaPadre FauraManilaPhilippines Institute of Renewable Natural Resources University of the PhilippinesLos BañosLagunaPhilippines Department of Environmental Science Ateneo de Manila UniversityQuezon CityPhilippines Itogon-Suyoc Resources Inc. OrtigasPasig CityPhilippines Apex Mining Company Inc. OrtigasPasig CityPhilippines

the proto-Philippine Sea Plate(pPSP)has been proposed by several authors to account for the origin of the Mesozoic supra-subduction ophiolites along the Philippine *** this paper,a comprehensive review of the ophiolites in the eastern portion of the Philippines is *** data on the geology,ages and geochemical signatures of the oceanic lithospheric fragments in luzon(Isabela,lagonoy in Camarines Norte,and Rapu-Rapu island),Central Philippines(Samar,tacloban,Malitbog and Southeast Bohol),and eastern Mindanao(Dinagat and Pujada)are *** of the Halmahera Ophiolite to the south of the Philippines are also reviewed for *** all of the crust-mantle sequences preserved along the eastern Philippines share Early to late Cretaceous *** geochemical signatures of mantle and crustal sections reflect both mid-oceanic ridge and suprasubduction *** paleomagnetic information is currently limited to the Samar Ophiolite,results indicate a near-equatorial Mesozoic supra-subduction zone *** general,correlation of the crust-mantle sequences along the eastern edge of the Philippines reveal that they likely are fragments of the Mesozoic pPSP.

关键词： Eastern Philippines Ophiolites Proto-Philippine Sea Plate

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Racial/ethnic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and survival in California, 1988-2012

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第38期22卷 8584-8595页

作者： Susan l Stewart Sandy l Kwong Christopher l Bowlus tung t Nguyen Annette E Maxwell Roshan Bastani Eric W Chak Moon S Chen jr Division of Biostatistics Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of Medicine Sacramenio CA 95817 United States California Department of Public Health Sacramenio CA 95817 United States tung Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of Medicine Sacramenio CA 95817 United States Division of General Internal Medicine University of California San Francisco CA 94101 United States UClA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095 United States Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of MedicineSacramento CA 95817 United States Cancer Control/Cancer Health Disparities University of CaliforniaDavis Comprehensive Cancer CenterSacramento CA 95817 United States

AIM to describe racial/ethnic differences in treatment and survival among liver cancer patients in a populationbased cancer *** Invasive cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, n = 33270, diagnosed between January 1, 1988-December 31, 2012 and reported to the California Cancer Registry were analyzed by race/ethnicity, age, gender, geographical region, socio-economic status, time period of diagnosis, stage, surgical treatment, and survival. Patients were classified into 15 racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic White(White, n = 12710), Hispanic(n = 8500), Chinese(n = 2723), non-Hispanic Black(Black, n = 2609), Vietnamese(n = 2063), Filipino(n = 1479), Korean(n = 1099), Japanese(n = 658), American Indian/Alaskan Native(AIAN, n = 281), laotian/Hmong (n = 244), Cambodian(n = 233), South Asian(n = 190), Hawai`ian/Pacific Islander(n = 172), thai(n = 95), and Other Asian(n = 214). the main outcome measures were receipt of surgical treatment, and cause-specific and all-cause *** After adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, time period, and stage of disease, compared to Whites, laotian/Hmong [odds ratio(OR) = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.17-0.53], Cambodian(OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.45-0.96), AIAN(OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.46-0.93), Black(OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.67-0.86), and Hispanic(OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.72-0.84) patients were less likely, whereas Chinese(OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.42-1.77), Koreans(OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.24-1.70), Japanese(OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.15-1.72), and Vietnamese(OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.12-1.42) were more likely to receive surgical treatment. After adjustment for the same covariates and treatment, cause-specific mortality was higher for laotian/Hmong [(hazard ratio(HR) = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.29-1.73)], Cambodians(HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.16-1.58), and Blacks(HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01-1.13), and lower for Chinese(HR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.77-0.86), Filipinos(HR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78-0.90), Vietnamese(HR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.80-0.90), Koreans(HR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83-0.97), and Hispanics(H

关键词： Disparities treatment Survival liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma

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