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Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts:evidence from brain activities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 5-15页

作者： Jianxun Yang Yunqi Liu Berry van den berg Susie Wang Lele Chen Miaomiao Liu Jun Bi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Foreign Language School Nanjing 210008China Department of Experimental Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Social Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands School of Education Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly growing.However,there is still little known about the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms.Using an adapted dot-probe task paradigm and event-related potential(ERP)technique,we investigated how visual stimuli of air pollution influence the attentional allocation process.Participants were required to make responses to the onset of a target presented at the left or right visual field.The probable location of the target was forewarned by a cue(pollution or clean air images),appearing at either the target location(attention-holding trials)or the opposite location(attention-shifting trials).Behavioral measures showed that when cued by pollution images,subjects had higher response accuracy in attention-shifting trials.ERP analysis results revealed that after the cue onset,pollution images evoked lower N300 amplitudes,indicating less attentioncapturing effects of dirty air.After the target onset,pollution cues were correlated with the higher P300 amplitudes in attention-holding trials but lower amplitudes in attention-shifting trials.It indicates that after visual exposure to air pollution,people need more neurocognitive resources to maintain attention but less effort to shift attention away.The findings provide the first neuroscientific evidence for the distracting effect of air pollution.We conclude with several practical implications and suggest the ERP technique as a promising tool to understand human responses to environmental stressors.

关键词： Air pollution Attention Disengagement Performance Event-related potential

Determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： Daniel D.SAURETTE Asim BISWAS Richard J.HECK Adam W.GILLESPIE Aaron A.berg School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(DSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental covariates.Strategies to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the DSM community.Despite advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for DSM projects.We propose a simple workflow and function coded in R language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-Diaconis rule for determining optimal bin width.Data preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the histogram.Based on a user-selected quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the QR were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample size.This technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of QRs.The results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the QR selected.Minimum sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the QR increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%QR.This technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin width digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

Development of a Proof-of-Concept Multi-Method Computer Simulation to Support Rural Healthcare Disaster Preparedness Planning

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 346-358页

作者： Thomas A.berg Kristina W.Kintziger Julie Suzuki Crumly Scott A.Lawson Carole R.Myers Tracey T.Stansberry College of Nursing University of Tennessee Knoxville Department of Environmental Agricultural and Occupational Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Public Health and Healthcare Oak Ridge Associated Universities

Due to a lack of resources, rural communities often face challenges when planning catastrophic events. This project involved applying systems thinking and model-based systems engineering to develop a proof-of-concept, multi-method computer simulation and then determining whether the simulation could be used to assess the efficacy of disaster planning approaches on health outcomes in rural communities, as a function of primary healthcare. The project focus was a rural or non-urban healthcare system experiencing a natural hazard. Both system dynamics and discrete event models were incorporated to represent subsystem operations, crucial disaster responses, as well as three key response systems: public health, emergency management, and healthcare. The subsystem models included several components: policies/procedures, communications,resources, exercises/drills/training, healthcare space and staff, and the flow of affected people into and through the system.The combined simulation can serve as a first step to a more comprehensive approach to helping rural communities achieve more efficient and effective healthcare planning for disaster responses.

关键词： Computer simulation Disaster preparedness Model-based systems engineering Rural healthcare System dynamics model Systems thinking

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海绵城市

空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第6期 8-9,38,39页

作者： Nate berg 不详

在中国东北快速发展的城市哈尔滨的一个角落里,在这座拥有1000万人口的大都会的密集住宅区与高楼大厦之间,有一片广阔的蓝绿色景象非常抢眼。那是一座占地80英亩(约323748.51平方米)的公园,在这个几乎扼杀了自然湿地的密集都市环境里。

关键词：都市环境海绵城市大都会自然湿地高楼大厦哈尔滨公园

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新闻剪辑

空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第5期 20-22,43,44页

作者： Nate berg Michael Grothaus Adele Peters 不详

底特律的未来街道将会为行驶于其上的车辆充电未来的电动车充电。有可能藏在底特律一条街道的沥青之下。这是美国首度将电动车充电技术内嵌于公共道路中。这条电动车充电道路建于底特律市中心外一段四分之一英里(约402.34米)长的街道中... 详细信息

底特律的未来街道将会为行驶于其上的车辆充电未来的电动车充电。有可能藏在底特律一条街道的沥青之下。这是美国首度将电动车充电技术内嵌于公共道路中。这条电动车充电道路建于底特律市中心外一段四分之一英里(约402.34米)长的街道中,是对一项被称为磁共振感应的新兴技术进行测试。它是利用内嵌于街道里的铜线圈将电力从电网传送给路面上方经过的电动车。车载接收器会吸收那些电力——通常只有少量而为电池持续充电。

关键词：公共道路电动车充电底特律新兴技术磁共振接收器电力

Pressure pain sensitivity: A new stress measure in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes?

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 150-154页

作者： Annemarie Cecilie Grauslund Emilie Bundgaard Lindkvist Steffen Ullitz Thorsen Søren Ballegaard Jens Faber Jannet Svensson Anna Korsgaard berg Department of Pediatrics Herlev and Gentofte HospitalHerlev 2730Denmark Copenhagen University Hospital Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenHerlev 2730Denmark Department of Clinical Immunology RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark Department of Endocrinology Herlev and Gentofte HospitalHerlev 2730Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2200Denmark

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is associated with general-and diabetes-specific stress which has multiple adverse effects.Hence measuring stress is of great importance.An algometer measuring pressure pain sensitivity(PPS)has been shown to correlate to certain stress measures in adults.However,it has never been investigated in children and adolescents.The aim of our study was to examine associations between PPS and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),salivary cortisol and two questionnaires as well as to identify whether the algometer can be used as a clinical tool among children and adolescents with T1D.Eighty-three participants aged 6-18 years and diagnosed with T1D were included in this study with data from two study visits.Salivary cortisol,PPS and questionnaires were collected,measured,and answered on site.HbA1c was collected from medical files.We found correlations between PPS and HbA1c(rho=0.35,P=0.046),cortisol(rho=-0.25,P=0.02)and Perceived Stress Scale(rho=-0.44,P=0.02)in different subgroups based on age.Males scored higher in PPS than females(P<0.001).We found PPS to be correlated to HbA1c but otherwise inconsistent in results.High PPS values indicated either measurement difficulties or hypersensibility towards pain.

关键词： Stress Children and adolescents Type 1 diabetes Autonomic dysfunction

Machine learning algorithm partially reconfigured on FPGA for an image edge detection system

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 48-68页

作者： Gracieth Cavalcanti Batista Johnny Oberg Osamu Saotome Haroldo F.de Campos Velho Elcio Hideiti Shiguemori Ingemar Soderquist Division of Electronic and Embedded Systems KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 16440Sweden Electronic Engineering Division Aeronautics Institute of TechnologySao Josédos Campos SP 12228-900Brazil Laboratory of Applied Computing and Mathematics National Institute for Space ResearchSao Josédos Campos SP 12227-900Brazil Department of C4ISR Institute of Advanced StudiesSao Josédos Campos SP 12228-001Brazil Saab AB Linkoping 58188Sweden

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been widely used in military,medical,wireless communications,aerial surveillance,etc.One key topic involving UAVs is pose estimation in autonomous navigation.A standard procedure for this process is to combine inertial navigation system sensor information with the global navigation satellite system(GNSS)signal.However,some factors can interfere with the GNSS signal,such as ionospheric scintillation,jamming,or spoofing.One alternative method to avoid using the GNSS signal is to apply an image processing approach by matching UAV images with georeferenced images.But a high effort is required for image edge extraction.Here a support vector regression(SVR)model is proposed to reduce this computational load and processing time.The dynamic partial reconfiguration(DPR)of part of the SVR datapath is implemented to accelerate the process,reduce the area,and analyze its granularity by increasing the grain size of the reconfigurable region.Results show that the implementation in hardware is 68 times faster than that in software.This architecture with DPR also facilitates the low power consumption of 4 mW,leading to a reduction of 57%than that without DPR.This is also the lowest power consumption in current machine learning hardware implementations.Besides,the circuitry area is 41 times smaller.SVR with Gaussian kernel shows a success rate of 99.18%and minimum square error of 0.0146 for testing with the planning trajectory.This system is useful for adaptive applications where the user/designer can modify/reconfigure the hardware layout during its application,thus contributing to lower power consumption,smaller hardware area,and shorter execution time.

关键词： Dynamic partial reconfiguration(DPR) Field programmable gate array(FPGA)implementation Image edge detection Support vector regression(SVR) Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) pose estimation

Hip prosthetic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis:A commentary

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第6期13卷 574-577页

作者： Bengt Mjöberg Department of Orthopedics Lund UniversityLund SE-22100Sweden

Prosthetic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis have been debated for decades,both in terms of the timing and nature of the triggering events.The hypothesis of wear-particle-induced loosening states that wear particles cause a foreign-body response leading to periprosthetic osteolysis and ultimately to late prosthetic loosening,i.e.,that the osteolysis precedes the loosening.The theory of early loosening,on the other hand,postulates that the loosening is already initiated during or shortly after surgery,i.e.,that the osteolysis is secondary to the loosening.This commentary focuses on the causal relationship between prosthetic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis.

关键词： Hip prosthesis Radiostereometric analysis Prosthesis failure Osteoclasts Bone resorption Alarmins

Clinical practice guidelines for acute-on-chronic liver failure: are we ready for reaching global consensus?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第2期12卷 239-243页

作者： Cornelius Engelmann Thomas berg Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology CharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Division of Hepatology Department of Medicine IILeipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Berlin Institute of Health(BIH) BerlinGermany University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive HealthLondonUK

The concept of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)has gained increasing awareness during the last decade.It considers liver cirrhosis as a systemic disease where precipitating events lead to a sudden deterioration,decompensation and extrahepatic organ failures.Disease severity is determined by the number and types of organ failures and patients with ACLF have a distinct and worse prognosis than patients with acute decompensation but not fulfilling ACLF criteria(1-3).

关键词： Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF) cirrhosis