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Organelle Structures: Bridging Strategy and technological Processes

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 249-251页

作者： rob Dekkers Section Production technology and Organisation

the shifting requirements as imposed on operations ma nagement require adjusting and tailoring the organisational structure to meet ma rket demands. However, translating these requirements directly into hierarchical structure will not ensure the integration of processes across organisational un its and guarantee desirable performance. therefore, management and management li terature wonders: · How should we connect processes to the external environment within a strategi c framework · Which organisational structures do meet performance requirements · Which choices and freedom do we have within organisational structures · How and when do we implement organisational structures that the hierarchical structure does not meet as such the performance requiremen ts nor did it relate to these became already clear during case studies performed in the ’70s. the conclusion was drawn that organisational changes should affect working processes before they proof to be viable. this required the development of new approach through empirical studies and base d on literature. this led to the development of the organelle structure. the org anelle structure should connect to the strategy and the product flow. thereto, a decision model has been developed for revealing these relations and the practic al implication. During a number of case studies this methodology has been refined and includes t he strategic choice between variants for the organelle structure with their own performance capabilities; we distinguish about 20 variants ranging between the f unctional organisation and the product flow organisation. these ranges of choice s however can be connected to different order entry points, stemming from logist ic concepts. this extends the performance to improved lead-times and improved c ontrol. Strategic choices relate the organelle structure to external performance criteria dictated by product/market-combinations: · lead-time · quality · costs and internal choices for performance crit

关键词： link Bridging Strategy and technological Processes Organelle Structures

Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 378-390页

作者： Samuel M.Waititu Fugui Yin rob Patterson Juan c.Rodriguez-Lecompte charles M.Nyachoti Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba201-12 Dafoe RoadWinnipegM6 R3T 2N2Canada canadian Bio-systems Inc. CalgaryAB T2C OJTCanada Atlantic Veterinary college University of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPE C1A 4P3Canada

Background： this study investigated the response of piglets receiving a yeast extract without or with a multi-enzyme mixture compared with an antimicrobial growth promoter（AGP） on performance, immune status and gut structure after an E. coli lipopolysaccharide（LPS） challenge. thirty-six pigs were allotted to six treatments including： a non-challenged control（Ncc）; LPS-challenged control（cc）; cc ＋ AGP; cc ＋ yeast extract; cc ＋ enzymes; and cc ＋ enzymes ＋ yeast extract. On d 7, pigs were bled and thereafter injected with LPS or sterile saline. Blood samples were collected at 6, 48, and 96 h post-challenge. After 96 h post-challenge, pigs were euthanized to obtain duodenal, jejunal and ileal ***： Overall（d 1 to 11）, compared with cc pigs, AGP attenuated the LPS-induced reduction in ADG（P = 0.004）,ADFI（P = 0.03） and gain/feed ratio（P = 0.01）. At 6 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower plasma urea N（PUN; P = 0.02）and serum tNF-α concentration（P = 0.07）, and higher platelet count（P = 0.04） and serum IL-10 concentration（P = 0.02） than cc pigs. At 48 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN（P = 0.02） than cc pigs, whereas enzymes ＋ yeast extract interacted non-additively（P = 0.001） to reduce PUN. At 96 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN（P = 0.02）and higher duodenal（P = 0.03）, jejunal（P = 0.01） and ileal（P = 0.07） villus height than cc pigs. In addition, enzymes ＋yeast extract interacted additively and non-additively to reduce ileal IFN-γ（P 0.10） were observed between AGP and enzymes ＋ yeast extract pigs on other measured parameters except for the downregulation of ileal IFN-γ（P ＆lt; 0.0001） and tNF-α（P = 0.003） in enzymes ＋ yeast extract pigs at 96 h ***： the LPS challenged piglets receiving enzymes ＋ yeast extract showed beneficial responses in gut structure and immunity commensurate with those receiving antibiotics, though the latter had better overall growth performance.

关键词： Antimicrobial growth promoter Feed enzymes Growth performance Immunity Nucleotides Piglets

污泥用于林地15年后养分和重金属在土壤中分布的研究

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西北农业大学学报 1992年第3期20卷 20-27页

作者：薛栋森 rob Harrison chuck Henry 西北农业大学农化系陕西杨陵712100 华盛顿大学

对极粗质地的森林土壤一次施用500t/hm^2干污泥15年后的土壤剖面样品,分析了pH值、EcE、全N、P、K、S、ca、Mg、cd、cu、Ni、Pb和Zn等,并同对照土进行比较。表层(0～17cm)中全N、P、S、cEc、cd、cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量明显高于对照区;由... 详细信息

对极粗质地的森林土壤一次施用500t/hm^2干污泥15年后的土壤剖面样品,分析了pH值、EcE、全N、P、K、S、ca、Mg、cd、cu、Ni、Pb和Zn等,并同对照土进行比较。表层(0～17cm)中全N、P、S、cEc、cd、cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量明显高于对照区;由于这种风化不完全的土壤含K、Mg、ca较丰富,处理区与对照区差异不大;土壤pH值处理区要低;Mg移到较深层次;Ni和Zn稍有移动;Pb、cd、cu、移至17～27cm,但未再向下层移动。

关键词：森林土壤改良污泥重金属

tropical forest canopies and their relationships with climate and disturbance： results from a global dataset of consistent field-based measurements

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 77-90页

作者： marion pfeifer alemu gonsamo william woodgate luis cayuela andrew r.marshall alicia ledo timothy c.e.paine rob marchant andrew burt kim calders colin courtney-mustaphi aida cuni-sanchez nicolas j.deere dereje denu jose gonzalez de tanago robin hayward alvaro lau manuel j.macía pieter i.olivier petri pellikka hamidu seki deo shirima rebecca trevithick beatrice wedeux charlotte wheeler pantaleo k.t.munishi thomas martin abdul mustari philip j.platts school of natural and environmental sciences newcastle universityUpon TyneNewcastle NE1 7RUUK department of geography and planning university of torontoONCanada land and water commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisationYarralumlaACTAustralia school of mathematical and geospatial sciences rmit universityGPO Box 2476VMelbourneVIC 3001Australia department of biology geologyphysics and inorganic chemistryuniversidad rey juan carlosE-28933 MostolesMadridSpain tropical forest and peopleresearch centre university of the sunshine coastsippy DownsAustralia environment department university of yorkYorkUK flamingo land ltd. MaltonUK the institute of biological and environmental sciences environmental modelling groupuniversity of aberdeenAberdeenUK biological and environmental sciences university of stirlingStirling FK9 4L AUK york institute for tropical ecosystems environment departmentuniversity of yorkYork YO10 5NGUK department of geography university college londonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK earth observation climate and optical groupnational physical laboratoryHampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesex TW11 0LWUK department of archaeology and ancient history uppsala universitetP.O.Box 256-751 05 UppsalaSESweden center for macroecology evolution and climateuniversity of copenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenDKDenmark durrell institute of conservation and ecology(dice) school of anthropology and conservationuniversity of kentCanterbury CT2 7NRUK department of biology college of natural sciencesjimma universityJimmaEthiopia wageningen university&research laboratory of geo-information science and remote sensingDroevendaalsesteeg 36708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands center for international forestry research(cifor) Situ GedeSindang BarangBogor 16680Indonesia departamento de biología área de botánicauniversidad autónoma de madridcalle Darwin 2-28049 MadridESSpain conservation ecology research unit university of pretoriaHatfieldPretoriaSouth Af

Background： canopy structure, defined by leaf area index （LAI）, fractional vegetation cover （Fcover） and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation （fAPAR）, regulates a wide range of forest functions and ecosystem services. Spatially consistent field-measurements of canopy structure are however lacking, particularly for the tropics. Methods： Here, we introduce the Global LAI database： a global dataset of field-based canopy structure measurements spanning tropical forests in four continents （Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas）. We use these measurements to test for climate dependencies within and across continents, and to test for the potential of anthropogenic disturbance and forest protection to modulate those dependences. Results： Using data collected from 887 tropical forest plots, we show that maximum water deficit, defined across the most arid months of the year, is an important predictor of canopy structure, with all three canopy attributes declining significantly with increasing water deficit. canopy attributes also increase with minimum temperature, and with the protection of forests according to both active （within protected areas） and passive measures （through topography）. Once protection and continent effects are accounted for, other anthropogenic measures （e.g. human population） do not improve the model. conclusions： We conclude that canopy structure in the tropics is primarily a consequence of forest adaptation to the maximum water deficits historically experienced within a given region. climate change, and in particular changes in drought regimes may thus affect forest structure and function, but forest protection may offer some resilience against this effect.

关键词： Leaf area index Fractional vegetation cover Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation,Human population pressure Protected areas Drought climate change

Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Disease Severity in chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease—the Effect of Acute Exercise and Pulmonary Rehabilitation

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2015年第1期5卷 19-31页

作者： Amani I. El Gammal rob O’Farrell Liam O’Mahony Fergus Shanahan Kieran Killian terence M. O’connor Department of Respiratory Medicine Mercy University Hospital Cork Ireland Alimentary Pharmabiotic centre University College Cork Cork Ireland Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research University of Zurich Davos Switzerland Department of Respiratory Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada

Background: Decreased physical capacity and increased systemic inflammatory response are frequently observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (cOPD). the relationship between the inflammatory response and disease severity and the immunological response to exercise were addressed in cOPD. Objective: the first objective was to identify systemic biomarkers and their relationship with cOPD severity. the second objective was to examine the effect of both acute exercise and pulmonary rehabilitation on these biomarkers. Methods: Forty subjects participated in the study. thirty-two patients with moderate or severe cOPD and 8 healthy non-smokers completed the study. Spirometry was preformed. Physical capacity was determined by a progressive symptom-limited cycle ergo meter (incremental) test. Blood samples were analyzed for c-reactive protein (cRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, tNF-α), pro-fibrotic cytokines (tGF-β) and oxidative burst in circulating leukocytes before and after exercise, and before and after pulmonary rehabilitation. Results: IL-6, cRP, Wcc and tGF-β were higher in cOPD (p α, cRP and tGF-β were negatively related to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (r = 0.4054, 0.3221, 0.1528, 0.1846 and 0.1187, respectively). Acute exercise increased circulating leucocytes and oxidative stress in both groups (p = 0.000, 0.0049 respectively), while IL-6 was increased in cOPD group ((p = 0.0115) and circulating tNF-α in healthy control (p = 0.0369). Pulmonary rehabilitation didn’t modify the levels of inflammatory mediators. conclusions: Reduced lung function is associated with increased levels of systemic inflammatory markers and acute exercise can further increase this inflammatory response. However pulmonary rehabilitation is unlikely to exacerbate systemic inflammation in cOPD.

关键词： Systemic Inflammation cOPD Oxidative Stress Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Atlanto-occipital dislocation

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第2期6卷 236-243页

作者： Graham c Hall Michael J Kinsman Ryan G Nazar rob t Hruska Kevin J Mansfield Maxwell Boakye Ralph Rahme Department of Neurosurgery University of Louisville Inova Neuroscience Institute Falls Church

Atlanto-occipital dislocation(AOD) is being increasingly recognized as a potentially survivable injury as a result of improved prehospital management of polytrauma patients and increased awareness of this entity, leading to earlier diagnosis and more aggressive treatment. However, despite overall improved outcomes, AOD is still associated with significant morbidity andmortality. the purpose of this paper is to review the biomechanical aspects, clinical features, radiologic criteria, and treatment strategies of AOD. Given that the diagnosis of AOD can be very challenging, a high degree of clinical suspicion is essential to ensure timely recognition and treatment, thus preventing neurological decline or death.

关键词： Atlanto-occipital dislocation cervical spine craniocervical junction Occipitocervical fusion trauma

Paleoproterozoic juvenile magmatism within the northeastern sector of the Sao Francisco paleocontinent:Insights from the shoshonitic high Ba-Sr Montezuma granitoids

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1821-1840页

作者： Samuel Moreira Bersan Alice Fernanda de Oliveira costa Andre Danderfer Francisco roberio de Abreu cristiano Lana Glaucia Queiroga craig Storey Hugo Moreira Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Programa de Pos-graduacaoDepartamento de GeologiaCampus Morro do CruzeiroOuro PretoMGCEP 35400-000Brazil Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Departamento de GeologiaCampus Morro do CruzeiroOuro PretoMGCEP 35400-000Brazil Sustain Geologia Ltda Teresa M.Valadares 503/502Belo HorizonteMGCEP 30575-160Brazil University of Portsmouth School of Earth and Environmental SciencesBurnaby BuildingBurnaby RoadPortsmouthPO13QLUK

New,integrated petrographic,mineral chemistry,whole rock geochemical,zircon and titanite UPb geochronology,and zircon Hf isotopic data from the Montezuma granitoids,as well as new geochemical results for its host rocks represented by the corrego tingui complex,provides new insights into the late-to post-collisional evolution of the northeastern Sao Francisco paleocontinent.U-Pb zircon dates from the Montezuma granitoids spread along the concordia between ca.2.2 Ga to 1.8 Ga and comprise distinct *** I have crystallization ages between ca.2.15 Ga and 2.05 Ga and are interpreted as inherited *** II zircon dates vary from 2.04 Ga to1.9 Ga and corresponds to the crystallization of the Montezuma granitoids,which were constrained at ca.2.03 Ga by the titanite U-Pb *** age zoning is common within the ca.1.8 Ga Group III zircon ages,being related to fluid isotopic re-setting during the Espinhaco rifiting ***εHf(t)analysis show dominantly positive values for both Group I(-4 to+9)andⅡ(-3 to+8)zircons and tDM2 model ages of 2.7-2.1 Ga and 2.5-1.95 Ga,***,the Montezuma granitoids are weakly peraluminous to metaluminous magnesian granitoids,enriched in LILES and LREE,with high to moderate Mg#and depleted in some of the *** lithochemical signature,added to the juvenile signature of both inherited and crystallized zircons,allowed its classification as a shoshonitic high Ba-Sr granitoid related to a late-to post-collisional lithosphere delamination followed by asthenospheric *** this scenario,the partial melting of the lithospheric mantle interacted with the roots of an accreted juvenile intra-oceanic arc,being these hybrid magma interpreted as the source of the Montezuma *** corrego tingui complex host rocks are akin to a syn-to late-collisional volcanic arc granitoids originated from the partial melting of ancient crustal *** results presented in this study have revealed the occurrence of j

关键词： Zircon U–Pb-Hf titanite U–Pb High Ba–Sr Late-to post-collisional Sao Francisco paleocontinent

Increased prevalence of intestinal inflammation in patients with liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1999年第5期5卷 391-396页

作者： Saitoh O Sugi K Lojima K Matsumoto H Nakagawa K Kayazawa M tanaka S teranishi t Hirata I Katsu Ki K Second Department of Internal Medicine Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan Department of Gastroenterology Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital Kyoto Japan

AIM to investigate the pathophysiology of the digestive tract in patients with liver *** In 42 cirrhotic patients and 20control subjects, the following fecal proteinswere measured by enzyme-linkedimmunosorb6nt assay: albumin (Alb ),transferrin (tf), and al-antitrypsin (a,-At) as amarker for intestinal protein l0ss, hemoglobin(Hb) for bleeding, PMN-eIastase for intestinalinflammation, and secretory lgA for *** the fecaI concentrations of Hb, Alb,tf, al-At, and PMN’eIastase were increased in13 (3l%), 8(19%), l0(24%), 6(14%), and 1l(26%) cases among 42 patients, resPectiveIy.F6cal concentration of secretory IgA wasdecreased in 7 (l7%) of 42 patients. However,these fecal concentrations were not related tothe severity or etiology of liver cirrhosis. theserum Alb level was significantIy decreased inpatients with intestinal protein Ioss c0mpared tothat in patients without intestinal protein *** these findings suggest that: rob6sides the weIl’known pathological conditions,Such as bleeding and protein loss, intestinaIinflammati0n and decreased intestinaI immunityare found in cirrhotic patients, @ intestinalprotein loss contributes to hypoalbuminemia incirrhotic patients, and @ intestinaI inflammationshouId not b6 0verlooked in cirrhotic patients,since it may contribute to or cause intestinalprotein Ioss and oth6r various pathologicalconditions.

关键词： liver cirrhosis intestinal inflammation secretory IgA fecal proteins

Nat Methods：新型计算方法或能更加精准地分析基因表达状况

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第11期17卷 I0001-I0001页

作者： rob Patro Geet Duggal Michael I Love Rafael A Irizarry Michael I Love Rafael A Irizarry carl Kingsford Department of computer Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA. DNAnexus Mountain View California USA. Department of Biostatistics and computational Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Cambridge Massachusetts USA. computational Biology Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.

日前，一项刊登在国际杂志Nacre Methods上的研究报告中，来自美国卡内基梅隆大学等机构的研究人员通过研究开发了一种新型的计算方法，该方法能够有效改善对基因表达分析的准确性。研究人员或有望利用该方法来诊断并且监测癌症。同时... 详细信息

日前，一项刊登在国际杂志Nacre Methods上的研究报告中，来自美国卡内基梅隆大学等机构的研究人员通过研究开发了一种新型的计算方法，该方法能够有效改善对基因表达分析的准确性。研究人员或有望利用该方法来诊断并且监测癌症。同时或许也能够促进基础生物学的研究进展。

关键词：基因表达分析计算 Nat 研究人员基础生物学研究开发