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Livelihood Diversification as an Adaptation Approach to Change in the Pastoral Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1342-1355页

作者： WU Ning Muhammad ISMAIL Srijana JOSHI YI Shao-liang ritu Meher SHRESTHA Abdul Wahid JASRA International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development G.P.O Box 3226 Kathmandu Nepal Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Migratory livestock raising has been one of the most important livelihood options for people residing in high mountain areas and has made a significant contribution to the economy of the Hindu Kush Himalayan(HKH) region, both in terms of supporting households and in export earnings. However, in recent decades, changes in the socioeconomic situation and increasing climate variability have led to a need to enhance adaptation by building the resilience of local socio-ecological systems, including economic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources. Based on semistructured interviews with pastoral communities in six countries within the pastoral HKH region, this paper discusses the situation, trends and driving forces behind the diversification of pastoral livelihood. For internal diversification the study highlights the need for enhancement of pastoral livelihoods through value-adding activities in the pastoral sectors. For external diversification changes on policy changes are needed to support free out-migration, market exploitation, and multiple resource use. Finally the paper highlights the role of education in determining household adaptation strategies in the face of various socio-ecological pressures and recommends integrating innovative and indigenous knowledge to develop appropriate methods for risk management and resource management in the pastoral HKH region.

关键词：喜马拉雅地区多样化社会生态系统经济形势可持续管理高山地区气候变化应变能力

The more the messier：centrosome amplification as a novel biomarker for personalized treatment of colorectal cancers

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2016年第6期30卷 441-451页

作者： Monica M.Mahathre Padmashree C.G.Rida ritu Aneja Department of Biology Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA Novazoi Theranostics Inc. Piano TX 75025 USA Institute of Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA Center for Obesity Research Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA

Colon cancer is currently the third most common cancer and second most fatal cancer in the United States,resulting in approximately 600,000 deaths *** colorectal cancer death rates are decreasing by about 3%every year,disease outcomes could be substantially improved with more research into the drivers of colon carcinogenesis,the determinants of aggressiveness in colorectal cancer and the identification of biomarkers that could enable choice of more optimal *** carcinogenesis is notably a slow process that can take *** factors that contribute to the development of colon cancer are mutational,epigenetic and environmental,and risk factors include age,history of polyps and family history of colon *** cancers exhibit heterogeneity in their features and are often characterized by the presence of chromosomal instability,microscopic satellite instability,or CpG island methylator *** this review,we propose that centrosome amplification may be a widespread occurrence in colorectal cancers and could potently influence tumor ***,the quantitation of this cancer-specific anomaly could offer valuable prognostic information and pave the way for further customization of treatment based on the organellar profile of *** stratification models that take into account centrosomal status could thus potentially reduce adverse side effects and result in improved outcomes for colorectal cancer patients.

关键词： centrosome amplification colorectal cancer chromosomal instability aneuploidy biomarker prognostic

Ominous lung cavity “Tambourine sign”

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第4期5卷 153-158页

作者： ritu Verma Ashu Seith Bhalla Ankur Goyal Deepali Jain N Loganathan Randeep Guleria Department of Radiodiagnosis AIIMS Department of Pathlology AIIMS Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders AIIMS

Mucinous adenocarcinoma represents a rare subtype of adenocarcinoma of the lung, which is frequently invasive and has a poorer prognosis. Of its wide range of imaging appearances, air-space consolidation is the most frequent pattern while cavitary form has only rarely been reported. Despite imaging advancements, the differentiation of benign and malignant cavitary lung lesions sometimes remains imperfect. We propose "Tambourine" sign on computed tomography to raise the suspicion of mucinous adenocarcinoma in a lung cavity, under appropriate clinical settings. The sign indicates an irregular cavity with undistorted prominent thick walled bronchioles within the wall and draping along thereby resembling the musical instrument "tambourine". Adjacent ground glass and internal septations may also be seen.

关键词： Lung cavity Tambourine Adenocarcinoma mucinous Tomography X-ray

Bioautography and its scope in the field of natural product chemistry

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2015年第2期5卷 75-84页

作者： Saikat Dewanjee Moumita Gangopadhyay Niloy Bhattacharya ritu Khanra Tarun K.Dua Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Jadavpur University Biophysics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics

Medicinal plants, vegetables and fruits are the sources of huge number of bioactive lead/scaffolds with therapeutic and nutraceutical importance. Bioautography is a means of target-directed isolation of active molecules on chromatogram. Organic solvents employed in chromatographic separation process can be completely removed before biological detection because these solvents cause inactivation of enzymes and/or death of living organisms. They offer a rapid and easy identification of bioactive lead/scaffolds in complex matrices of plant extracts. Bioautography is a technique to isolate hit（s）/lead（s） by employing a suitable chromatographic process followed by a biological detection system. This review critically describes the methodologies to identify antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitor lead/scaffolds by employing bioautography. A significant number of examples have been incorporated to authenticate the methodologies.

关键词： Bioactivity Bioassay Bioautography Detection principle Thin layer chromatography

Promising drug targets and associated therapeutic interventions in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1730-1739页

作者： Sachchida Nand Rai Payal Singh ritu Varshney Vivek K.Chaturvedi Emanuel Vamanu M.P.Singh Brijesh Kumar Singh Centre of Biotechnology University of AllahabadPrayagrajIndia Department of Zoology Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia Department of Bioengineering and Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology GandhinagarPalajGujaratIndia Faculty of Biotechnology University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary MedicineBucharestRomania Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA

Parkinson's disease(PD) is one of the most debilitating brain diseases. Despite the availability of symptomatic treatments, response towards the health of PD patients remains scarce. To fulfil the medical needs of the PD patients, an efficacious and etiological treatment is required. In this review, we have compiled the information covering limitations of current therapeutic options in PD, novel drug targets for PD, and finally, the role of some critical beneficial natural products to control the progression of PD.

关键词： dopamine epigenetics gene therapies glutamate receptor levodopa molecular chaperones monoamine oxidase B mucuna alpha-synuclein Parkinson's disease striatum substantia nigra

On Propagation of Rayleigh Type Surface Wave in a Micropolar Piezoelectric Medium

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2016年第4期6卷 35-44页

作者： Baljeet Singh ritu Sindhu Department of Mathematics Post Graduate Government College Chandigarh India Department of Mathematics Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak India

In the present paper, the governing equations of a linear transversely isotropic micropolar piezoelectric medium are specialized for x-z plane after using symmetry relations in constitutive coefficients. These equations are solved for the general surface wave solutions in the medium. Following radiation conditions in the half-space, the particular solutions are obtained, which satisfy the appropriate boundary conditions at the stress-free surface of the half-space. A secular equation for Rayleigh type surface wave is obtained. An iteration method is applied to compute the non-dimensional wave speed of the Rayleigh surface wave for specific material parameters. The effects of piezoelectricity, non-dimensional frequency and non-dimensional material constant, charge free surface and electrically shorted surface are shown graphically on the wave speed of Rayleigh wave.

关键词： Piezoelectric Medium Micro-Rotation Transverse Isotropy Rayleigh Wave Wave Speed

High-yield synthesis and liquid-exfoliation of two- dimensional belt-like hafnium disulphide

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Nano Research 2018年第1期11卷 343-353页

作者： Harneet Kaur Sandeep Yadav Avanish K. Srivastava Nidhi Singh Shyama Rath Jorg J. Schneider Om P. Sinha ritu Srivastava National Physical Laboratory Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi I I O012 India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research NPL New Delhi 110012 India Technische Universitat Darmstadt Eduard-ZintMnstitut f~r Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie 12 105 117 Alarich-Weiss-Str 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany DepartmentofPhysics andAstrophysics University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University UP Sector 125 Noida Uttar Pradesh 201313 India

Producing environmentally stable monolayers and few-layers of hafnium disulphide （HfS2） with a high yield to reveal its unlocked electronic and optoelectronic applications is still a challenge. HfS2 is a layered two-dimensional material of group-IV transition metal dichalcogenides. For the first time, we demonstrate a simple and cost-effective method to grow layered belt-like nanocrystals of HfS2 with a notably large interlayer spacing followed by their chemical exfoliation. Various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques confirm that these as-grown crystals exfoliate into single or multiple layers in a few minutes using solvent assisted ultrasonification method in N-cyclohexyl-2- pyrrolidone. The exfoliated nanosheets of HfS2 exhibit an indirect bandgap of 1.3 eV with high stability against surface degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these nanosheets hold potential for electronic applications by fabricating a field-effect transistor based on few-layered HfS2, exhibiting a field-effect mobility of 0.95 cm2/（V.s） with a high on/off current modulation ratio of 10,000 in ambient conditions. The method is scalable and has a potential significance for both academic and industrial purposes.

关键词： two-dimensionalmaterials hafnium disulphide nano-crystals liquid-phase exfoliation environment-stabili~ field-effect transistor

Association between hereditary hemochromatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review

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Hepatoma Research 2020年第3期6卷 1-14页

作者： Aparna Jayachandran ritu Shrestha Kim R.Bridle Darrell H.G.Crawford The University of Queensland Faculty of MedicineBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Gallipoli Medical Research Institute Greenslopes Private HospitalBrisbaneQLD 4120Australia

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a significant global health problem with high morbidity and *** incidence is increasing exponentially worldwide with a close overlap between annual incidence and death *** though significant advances have been made in HCC treatment,fewer than 20%of patients with HCC are suitable for potentially curative *** hemochromatosis(HH)is an important genetic risk factor for *** is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism,characterised by elevated iron deposition in most organs including the liver,leading to progressive organ *** is a complication of HH,nearly always occurring in patients with cirrhosis and contributes to increased mortality *** the susceptibility of development of HCC in HH patients has gained much *** review summarises the current knowledge with regard to the association of HH and HCC in order to encourage further *** this review,we focus particularly on HFE gene-related ***,we highlight and discuss emerging clinical research which addresses the prevalence of HCC in HH patients and the coincidence of HH with other risk factors for HCC *** also focus on the therapeutic tools in the management of HCC associated with HH.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma hereditary hemochromatosis HFE gene C282Y mutation H63D mutation liver cirrhosis

A New Charged Anisotropic Compact Star Model in General Relativity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2017年第11期8卷 1762-1778页

作者： ritu Tamta Pratibha Fuloria Physics Department S.S.J. Campus Almora India

In the present article, we explore a new static, spherically symmetric charged anisotropic fluid model of compact star in curvature coordinates. We consider metric potential g44 of Durgapal’s fifth solution [1] with a specific choice of electric field intensity E and physically acceptable expression of anisotropy factor Δ, which involve parameters K (charge) and Δ(anisotropy) respectively. The solution so obtained is utilized to construct the model for superdense star like neutron star. We have analysed that corresponding to X=0.1, K=2.8, a=1.6 and by assuming surface density , the mass of the compact star comes out to be with radius 14.51 kms, which closely resembles to that of PSRJ0348 + 0432. The solution is well behaved for the values of K satisfying ?1≤K<5. Our model is described analytically as well as with the help of graphical representations. Our solution is well behaved and free from any central singularity. It also satisfies all the energy conditions as well as the causality condition thus reconfirming the stability of our model.

关键词： General Relativity Neutron Star Anisotropy Exact Solutions