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Amino acid fortified diets for weanling pigs replacing fish meal and whey protein concentrate:Effects on growth,immune status,and gut health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 330-339页

作者： Yan Zhao Alexandra C weaver Vivek Fellner Robert L Payne Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University Evonik Corp

Background： Limited availability of fish meal and whey protein concentrate increases overall feed costs. Availability of increased number of supplemental amino acids including Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, and lie allows replacing expensive protein supplements to reduce feed costs. This study was to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate in nursery diets with 6 supplemental amino acids on growth performance and gut health of post-weaning pigs. Treatments were 1） FM-WPC： diet with fish meal （FM） and whey protein concentrate （WPC）; 2） FM-AA： diet with FM and crystalline amino acids （L-Lys, L-Thr, L-Trp, DL-Met, L-Val, and L-lie）; 3） WPC-AA： diet with WPC and crystalline amino acid; and 4） AA： diet with crystalline amino acid. Results： Pigs in FM-AA, WPC-AA, and AA had greater （P 〈 0.0.5） ADG and gain：feed than pigs in FM-WPC during wk ] （phase 1）. Plasma insulin concentration of pigs in AA tended to be greater （P = 0.064） than that of FM-WPC at the end of wk 1 （phase 1）. Plasma concentrations of IgG in AA was lower （P 〈 0.05） compared with WPC-AA and FW, and FM-AA had lower （P 〈 0.05） IgG concentration than WPC-AA at the end of wk 1 （phase 1）. Concentration of acetate in cecum digesta in FM-AA tended to be greater （P = 0.054） than that of FM-WPC and WPC-AA. Concentration of isovalerate in cecum digesta of pigs in FM-AA was greater （P 〈 0.05） than that of FW and WPC-AA. Conclusions： This study indicates that use of 6 supplemental amino acids can replace fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate without adverse effects on growth performance, immune status, and gut health of pigs at d 21 to 49 of age. Positive response with the use of 6 supplemental amino acids in growth during the first week of post-weaning may due to increased plasma insulin potentially improving uptake of nutrients for protein synthesis and energy utilization. The replacement of fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate with 6 supplemental amino acids could decrease the

关键词： Amino acid Fish meal Growth performance Pig Whey protein concentrate

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Improving efficiency of sow productivity: nutrition and health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 187-194页

作者： Sung Woo Kim Alexandra C weaver Yan Bin Shen Yan Zhao Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina Raleigh 27695 USA

This reviews research focused to understand the nutrient requirement and balance to meet the needs of fetal growth,mammary growth,and milk *** summary will handle how feeding strategies can be adjusted according to the nutrient needs for a sow to enhance productivity and *** research data used in this summary are based on the studies conducted by the authors between 1996 and *** requirements of sows are affected by stage of gestation and parity of *** antioxidant concentrations need to be re-evaluated for its sufficiency in sow diets especially to prevent excessive oxidative stress during late gestation and *** feeding sows,consideration of phase feeding of gestating sows and parity feeding of lactating sows could enhances production longevity and health of *** of selected nutrients and additives seems to help productivity and health of sows.

关键词： Colostrum Gestation Lactation Milk Nutrition Pig

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Loving her into well-being one day at a time: Narratives of caring for daughters with eating disorders

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Open Journal of Nursing 2012年第4期2卷 406-419页

作者： Kathryn weaver Faculty of Nursing University of New Brunswick Fredericton Canada

When a child is diagnosed with an eating disorder, parents are expected to help the child recover. Yet, parents often feel under-prepared and alone, their experiences inadequately known to healthcare professionals. The research aim was to examine the meaning to parents of caring for a child with an eating disorder. Qualitative interviews with 29 parents were analyzed and the parents’ experiences were represented by a collective story of loving her into well-being one day at a time which consisted of two themes: Running on nerves and caring through transformational activism. Running on nerves included threads of feeling lost, traumatized, scarred, and disengaged that mitigated as parents engaged in transformational activism processes directed toward helping themselves, their child, and other parents and children. The findings illustrate the importance of hearing parents’ stories in order to create supportive healing environments and to build capacity within families and health care systems.

关键词： Eating Disorder Parents Narrative Analysis Transformational Activism

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The Traveling Wave Reactor: Design and Development

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Engineering 2016年第1期2卷 88-96页

作者： John Gilleland Robert Petroski Kevan weaver Terra Power LLC

The traveling wave reactor （TWR） is a once-through reactor that uses in situ breeding to greatly reduce the need for enrichment and reprocessing. Breeding converts incoming subcritical reload fuel into new critical fuel, allowing a breed-burn wave to propagate. The concept works on the basis that breed-burn waves and the fuel move relative to one another. Thus either the fuel or the waves may move relative to the stationary observer. The most practical embodiments of the TWR involve moving the fuel while keeping the nuclear reactions in one place-sometimes referred to as the standing wave reactor （SWR）. TWRs can operate with uranium reload fuels including totally depleted uranium, natural uranium, and low-enriched fuel （e.g., 5.5% 23sU and below）, which ordinarily would not be critical in a fast spectrum. Spent light water reactor （LWR） fuel may also serve as TWR reload fuel. In each of these cases, very efficient fuel usage and significant reduction of waste volumes are achieved without the need for re- processing. The ultimate advantages of the TWR are realized when the reload fuel is depleted uranium, where after the startup period, no enrichment facilities are needed to sustain the first reactor and a chain of successor reactors. TerraPower＇s conceptual and engineering design and associated technolo- gy development activities have been underway since late 2006, with over 50 institutions working in a highly coordinated effort to place the first unit in operation by 2026. This paper summarizes the TWR technology： its development program, its progress, and an analysis of its social and economic benefits.

关键词： Nuclear energyElectricity generationAdvanced reactorTraveling wave reactorSustainability

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Enhanced cortical bone expansion in Lgals3-deficient mice during aging

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Bone Research 2018年第1期6卷 95-106页

作者： Kevin A.Maupin Kevin weaver Alexis Bergsma Cheryl Christie Zhendong A.Zhong Tao Yang Bart O.Williams Center for Cancer and Cell Biology Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment Van Andel Research Institute

Imbalances between bone formation and bone resorption, which can occur due to aging or sex hormone deprivation, result in decreased bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. Previous studies have suggested that the β-galactoside binding lectin,galectin-3, is involved in bone remodeling. We compared bone parameters of mice having null alleles of the galectin-3 gene(Lgals3-KO) with those of their wild-type littermates. Lgals3 deficiency increased cortical bone expansion at 36 weeks(wk) and preserved or enhanced bone mass in both male and female mutant mice. In addition, female Lgals3-KO mice were protected from age-related loss of trabecular bone. Histomorphometry and ex vivo primary cell differentiation assays showed increased osteoblastogenesis with little-to-no effect on osteoclastogenesis, suggesting the increased bone mass phenotype is primarily due to increased anabolism. Our study identifies galectin-3 as a negative regulator of bone formation and suggests that disruption of galectin-3 may be useful in preventing bone loss during aging.

关键词： Lgals3-KO their wild-type Histomorphometry

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Pain Relief in Labour: How Can We Improve Intrapartum Care?

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第13期6卷 785-793页

作者： Sally Byford Edward weaver Nambour General Hospital Nambour Australia University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

Background: Pain in labour is perceived differently for every individual. We can improve the outcomes and patient satisfaction with intrapartum care by ensuring adequate education and appropriate use of requested pain relief options. Encouraging informed personal control contributes to a women’s overall satisfaction. Aims: To assess current practice and identify improvement areas in the perception, planning and use of pain relief options, and how this impacts satisfaction of pain relief in labour. Methods: 114 retrospective anonymous patient questionnaires were returned by women delivering by spontaneous vaginal delivery, instrumental delivery or emergency caesarean section at Nambour General Hospital between April and July 2011. Data were collated and analysed using STATA. Results: 83% and 65% of women had their pain relief options explained antenatally and on admission respectively. 92% reported their pain relief was adequately provided. There was a significant difference (p Conclusions: Education of pain relief options for labour antenatally and on birth suite admission, with adequate discussion and documentation of their wishes encourages informed planning and use of pain relief. This promotes personal choice and control, resulting in improved overall satisfaction of pain relief in labour.

关键词： Pain Relief Childbirth Labour

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Validation of basaltic glass adsorption capabilities from geothermal arsenic in a basaltic aquifer: A case study from Bjarnarflag power Station,Iceland

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1743-1753页

作者： K.C. weaver M.A. Hoque S.M. Amin S.H. Markússon A.P. Butler Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2BUUnited Kingdom School of Geography Environment and Earth SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO1 3QLUnited Kingdom Gas Sustainability Technology Group Research and TechnologyProject Delivery and TechnologyPetronasMalaysia Landsvirkjun Háaleitisbraut 68103 ReykjavíkIceland

Arsenic is a carcinogen known for its acute toxicity to *** waters are commonly high in arsenic,as shown at the Bjarnarflag Power Plant,Iceland (w224 mg/kg of solvent).Development of geothermal energy requires adequate disposal of arsenic-rich waters into groundwater/geothermal *** outcome of arsenic transport models that assess the effect of geothermal effluent on the environment and ecosystems may be influenced by the sensitivity of hydraulic ***,previous such studies in Iceland do not consider the sensitivity of hydraulic parameters and thereby the interpretations remain *** we used the Lake Myvatn basaltic aquifer system as a case study to identify the sensitive hydraulic parameters and assess their role in arsenic *** develop a one-dimensional reactive transport model (PHREEQC ver.2.),using geochemical data from Bjarnarflag,*** our model,arsenite (H3AsO3) was predicted to be the dominant species of inorganic arsenic in both groundwater and geothermal *** reduced arsenic concentration beloww5 mg/*** reduced the residual contamination below w0.4 mg/kg at 250 m along *** on our modelling,we found volumetric input to be the most sensitive parameter in the *** addition,the adsorption strength of basaltic glass was such that the physical hydrogeological parameters,namely: groundwater velocity and longitudinal dispersivity had little influence on the concentration profile.

关键词： Geothermal Groundwater Hydrogeochemistry Arsenic Modelling

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Preclinical and clinical studies on cancer-associated cachexia

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Frontiers in Biology 2018年第1期13卷 11-18页

作者： D. Brooke Widner D. Clark Files Kathryn E. weaver Yusuke Shiozawa Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC 27157 USA Internal Medicine-Sections inPulmonaryand Critical Care Medicine and Geriatrics and the Critical Illness Injury and Recovery Research Center Wake Forest School of Medicine W~nston-Salem NC 27157 USA Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Wake Forest School of Medicine Wtnston-Salem NC 27157 USA

BACKGROUND： Cancer cachexia is the wasting condition that is often seen in advanced stage cancer patients. This wasting is largely attributable to a systemic and progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass that greatly hinders performance of normal daily activities, resulting in reduced quality of life. Moreover, it negatively influences the prognosis of cancer patients. A general consensus in the field is that the loss of muscle mass is due both to an increase in protein degradation and a decrease in protein synthesis. Recent studies using preclinical models for studying cachexia have been useful in identifying the contribution of inflammatory cytokines （e.g. tumor necrosis factor-a and Interleukin-6）, and myostatin receptors （e.g. the type IIB activin receptor） to cachexia development, and have led to several clinical trials. However, many questions remain about the molecular mechanisms thought to play a role in the development of cachexia. METHODS： We conducted a literature search using search engines, such as PubMed and Google Scholar to identify publications within the cancer cachexia field. RESULTS- We summarized our current knowledge of： 1） the driving mechanisms of cancer cachexia, 2） the preclinical models available for studying the condition, and 3） the findings of recent clinical trials. CONCLUSION： Cancer cachexia is a complex and variable condition that currently has no standard effective therapeutic treatment. Further studies are desperately needed to better understand this condition and develop effective combination treatments for patients.

关键词： cancer cachexia muscle wasting bodyweight loss metabolic changes increased protein degradation decreased protein synthesis

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By Chance or Design? On the Locations of Controversial Billboards in Urban Ohio during the 2012 Election

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第12期3卷 2048-2055页

作者： R. Christopher weaver Department of Geography University at Buffalo Buffalo USA

The 2012 American Presidential Election was preceded by widespread efforts to promote stronger voting requirements in states across the nation. In one case, a private, anonymous foundation purchased advertising spots on billboards in urban Ohio to communicate that voter fraud is a felony punishable by fines and imprisonment. This action drew criticism from civil rights groups, who argued that a majority of the billboards were located in minority census tracts, and that the advertisements utilized intimidating language and imagery. This article applies probability theory to the debate in order to determine the likelihood that the observed patterns of billboards in two cities—Cleveland and Columbus—could have occurred by chance. First, simulation is employed to compare the observed allocations of billboards to white and non-white census tracts to patterns generated under Complete Spatial Randomness (CSR). Second, simulation draws from probit regression models, in which the dependent variable is the presence of a billboard within a census tract, are used to generate distributions of first differences between1) the expected value of the dependent variable given that the census tract is majority white and2) the expected value of the dependent variable given that the census tract is majority non-white. The results suggest that the billboard locations in Cleveland were not significantly different from patterns produced under CSR, and that the probability of a given census tract containing a billboard is not significantly different for white and non-white majority tracts. The opposite inferences are made for Columbus.

关键词： Politics Race Voting Simulation Probability Applications

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Impacts of low level aflatoxin in feed and the use of modified yeast cell wall extract on growth and health of nursery pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 177-183页

作者： Yawang Sun Inkyung Park Jiyao Guo Alexandra C.weaver Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University

This study was to investigate the effect of corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxins(AF)under the regulatory level on the growth performance and health of nursery pigs,and the efficiency of yeast cell wall based feed additive(YC)mainly composed ofβ-glucans and mannan oligosaccharide(MOS)(Integral A+,Alltech,Lexington,KY)in prevention of ***(60 barrows and 60 gilts at 6.02 ± 0.83kg BW)were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design based on a 2×2 factorial arrangement with 10 pens(5 barrow and 5 gilt pens)per treatment and 3 pigs per *** were fed experimental diets for 5 *** factor was AF(0 or 20 mg/kg in feed)and the second factor was YC(0 or 2 g/kg in feed).Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly,and blood samples were used to measure blood cell counts,immunoglobulin G(Ig G),tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a),oxidative damage status,and serological evaluation related to liver *** decreased(P<0.05)the number of platelet count(247.4 to 193.5×10~3/μL),and it also tended to increase the level of albumin(P=0.055,3.46 to 3.63 g/d L),albumin:globulin ratio(P=0.050,2.09 to 2.37),and Ca(P=0.080,10.79 to 10.97 mg/d L).Yeast cell wall based feed additive increased(P < 0.05)ADG(493 to 524 g/d),and ADFI(796 to 846 g/d)of pigs whereas G:F was not affected,and it also tended to increase(P=0.055)albumin level(3.46 to 3.63 g/d L).Interactions(P < 0.05)on hemoglobin,hematocrit,and platelet count indicated that YC further increased their levels when pigs were eating AF contaminated ***(P < 0.05)on urea nitrogen and blood urea N to creatinine ratio indicated that YC further decreased their levels when feed were contaminated with *** conclusion,low level of 20 mg AF/kg under the regulatory level had minor effects on hematology without affecting growth performance,however the supplementation of 2 g/kg YC as a source ofβ-glucans and MOS in feed can improve feed intake and therefore the growth of pi

关键词： Aflatoxin β-glucans Health MOS Nursery pigs modified yeast cell wall extract

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