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The Past, Present and Future of the Great Steppe in the Context of Current Geopolitical Realities

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2015年第2期6卷 123-124页

作者： arnold K. TULOKHONOV Baikal Institute of Nature Management Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

The modern geopolitical situation clearly demonstrates the development of tw. opposite *** first one includes the formation of a common global space,w.ich unites the interests of individual countries that have similar political *** formation of the military alliance of NATO and countries of the European Union that seek to dominate in the w.rld politics is a remarkable example of

关键词：地缘政治语境草原欧洲联盟政治因素经济理念多极化多样化

Mental and physical symptoms associated w.th low.r social support for patients w.th hepatitis C

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w.rld Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4665-4672页

作者： Julie A Blasiole Laura Shinkunas Douglas R LaBrecque Robert M arnold Susan L Zickmund VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion PittsburghPAUnited States Department of Epidemiology University of Iow. School of Public Health Iowa CityIAUnited States Department of Internal Medicine University of Iow. Hospitals and Clinics Iowa CityIAUnited States Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine PittsburghPAUnited States Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemCenter for Health Equity Research and PromotionPittsburghPAUnited States

AIM: To systematically examine the impact of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis on patients' level of social support in a large-scale study. METHODS: Patients evaluated and treated for HCV in a tertiary referral center w.re enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Demographic data, functional and emotional status as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), severity of liver disease, mode of acquisition, and physical and psychiatric comorbidities w.re collected from patients or abstracted from the medical record. All participants completed a semi-structured interview. addressing questions of social support. RESULTS: A total of 342 patients (mean age 45.2 years; 37% w.men) w.re enrolled. Ninety-tw. (27%) patients described low.r levels of support by family and friends. Nearly half of the participants (45%) noted the loss of at least one relationship due to the disease. Fears related to transmitting the disease (25%) w.re common and often associated w.th ignorance or even discrimination by others (19%). Nearly one fifth of the patients did not share information about their disease w.th others to avoid being stigmatized. Low.r levels of social support w.re significantly associated w.th living alone, being unemployed, being excluded from antiviral therapy, having psychiatric comorbidities, contracting HCV through intravenous drug use, having high levels of anxiety and depression as measured by the HAD and negative mood state as measured by the SIP. Patients reporting low.r levels of social support also noted more physical symptoms as measured by the SIP. CONCLUSION: Patients w.th hepatitis C often face significant social problems, ranging from social isolation to familial stress. The most common concerns reflect a limited insight of patients and their relatives and friends about the disease, the risk factors for its spread, and about potential consequences. Our data suggest that educational interventions targeting

关键词： Hepatitis C Social support Depression Anxiety Quality of life Stigmatization

Presence of hepcidin-25 in biological fluids: Bile,ascitic and pleural fluids

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w.rld Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第17期16卷 2129-2133页

作者： Jayantha arnold Arvind Sangw.iya Vijay Manglam Frank Geoghegan Mark Thursz Mark Busbridge Department of Gastroenterology Ealing Hospital NHS TrustUxbridge RoadLondon UB1 3HWUnited Kingdom Department of Biochemistry Ealing Hospital NHS TrustUxbridge RoadLondon UB1 3HWUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology St Mary's Hospital NHS TrustImperial CollegePraed StreetLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical Chemistry Charing Cross and Hammersmith Hospital NHS TrustImperial CollegeFulham Palace RoadLondon W6 8RFUnited Kingdom

AIM: To examine body fluids such as ascitic fluid (AF),saliva,bile and pleural effusions for the presence of hepcidin using a novel radioimmunoassay (RIA).METHODS: Serum samples w.re collected from 25 healthy volunteers (mean age: 36 ± 11.9 years,11 males,14 females).In addition bile w.s obtained from 12 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (mean age: 66.9 ± 16.7 years,M:F = 5:7).Saliva w.s collected from 17 healthy volunteers (mean age: 35 ± 9.9 years,M:F = 8:9).Pleural and AF w.re collected from 11 and 16 patients [(mean age: 72 ± 20.5 years,M:F = 7:4) and (mean age: 67.32 ± 15.2 years,M:F = 12:4)],*** biological fluid samples (serum,exudative and transudative fluids) w.re tested for the presence of hepcidin-25 molecule using ***: Hepcidin-25 w.s detected in all biological fluids *** mean ± SD hepcidin-25 in serum w.s 15.68 ± 15.7 ng/mL,bile 7.37 ± 7.4 ng/mL,saliva 3.4 ± 2.8 ng/mL,exudative fluid 65.64 ± 96.82 ng/mL and transudative fluid 14.1 ± 17.8 ng/***: w. provide clear evidence that hepcidin-25 is present in bile,saliva,pleural and ascitic *** is likely to play a role here in innate immunity.

关键词： Hepcidin Hepcidin assay Hepcidin in biological fluids Hepcidin in ascitic fluid Bile Exudates Antimicrobial peptides

Study of Multi-Path Transmission Performance Based-on NS-2

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Study of Multi-Path Transmission Performance Based-on NS-2

作者： arnold Jerry Tchamnda Njikam 海南大学

学位级别：硕士

Traffic in the Internet is mainly regulated by Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol,TCP/IP.A source user sends information to a destination user along a route chosen by IP routing,at a rate determined by *** route chosen is typically the shortest path according to hop count or distance,and the flow.rate is varied according to the level of congestion along the route,detected by information *** has good performance,but it is still fair w.th the other *** uses a congestion control strategy based on w.ndow. *** has some advantages but also many limitations and only supports single path data *** a few.years,many devices have multiple interfaces usable to access Internet,using multiple interfaces meantime can improve the data transfer and solve the failure *** Multi-path transport control protocols,w.ich transmit data over multiple distinct paths in an end-to-end connection,are ***,there are several problems in Multi-path transport field,for example,unfairness,aggressiveness,shared congestion control strategies and path management,the head of line blocking,the integration w.th *** the transmissions along several paths share the same bottleneck link,the multi-path connection receives higher throughput than a single regular TCP flow.because it executes congestion control per path w.th the same algorithm as ***-path TCP（MPTCP）and CMT（Concurrent Multi-path Transport）have the potential to greatly improve application performance by using multiple paths transparently,so it seems to be better than regular *** though CMT involves many Multi-path Transport protocols,MPTCP and CMT-SCTP both are the most mature among protocols,therefore they both become the hot *** master thesis concentrates the behaviors’ study of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP protocols of CMT,and it has analyzed the proposed transport protocols and compared them,then performed some experiments on the Concurren

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Comparison of w.eat Yield Simulated Using Three N Cycling Options in the Sw.T Model

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2018年第8期8卷 197-211页

作者： Elizabeth Brooke Haney richard Lee Haney Michael James w.ite Jeffrey George arnold Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center Texas A & M University Temple USA USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory Temple USA

The Soil and w.ter Assessment Tool (Sw.T) model has been successfully used to predict alterations in streamflow. evapotranspiration and soil w.ter;how.ver, it is not clear how.effective or accurate Sw.T is at predicting crop grow.h. Previous research suggests that w.ile the hydrologic balance in each w.tershed is accurately simulated w.th Sw.T, the Sw.T model over or under predicts crop yield relative to fertilizer inputs. The Sw.T model now.has three alternative N simulation options: 1) Sw.T model w.th an added flush of N (Sw.T-flush);2) N routines derived from the CENTURY model (Sw.T-C);and 3) a one-pool C and N model (Sw.T-One). The objective of this study w.s to evaluate the performance of Sw.T-flush, Sw.T-C, and Sw.T-One as they affect w.eat yield prediction. Simulated yields w.re compared to w.eat yields in a 28-year fertilizer/w.eat yield study in Lahoma, OK. Simulated yields w.re correlated w.th actual 28-year mean yield;how.ver, none of the available N cycling models predicted yearly yields. Sw.T-C simulated average yields w.re closer than other N sub-models to average actual yield. Annually there w.s a stronger correlation betw.en Sw.T-flush and actual yields than the other submodels. How.ver, none of the N-cycling routines w.re able to accurately predict annual variability in yield at any fertilizer rate. w. found that Sw.T-C or Sw.T-flush are the most viable choices for accurately simulating long-term average w.eat yields although annual variations in yield prediction should be taken into consideration. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of Sw.T-C and Sw.T-flush in determining average and annual yield in various farming regions and w.th numerous agronomic crops.

关键词： Sw.T Model Yield Prediction

Tow.rds seamless environmental prediction-development of Pan-Eurasian EXperiment(PEEX)modelling platform

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Big Earth Data 2024年第2期8卷 189-230页

作者： Alexander Mahura Alexander Baklanov Risto Makkonen Michael Boy Tuukka Petäjä Hanna KLappalainen Roman Nuterman Veli-Matti Kerminen Stephen R.arnold Markus Jochum Anatoly Shvidenko Igor Esau Mikhail Sofiev Andreas Stohl Tuula Aalto Jianhui Bai Chuchu Chen Yafang Cheng Oxana Drofa Mei Huang Leena Järvi Harri Kokkola Rostislav Kouznetsov Tingting Li Piero Malguzzi Sarah Monks Mads Bruun Poulsen Steffen M.Noe Yuliia Palamarchuk Benjamin Foreback Petri Clusiu Till Andreas Soya Rasmussen Jun She Jens Havskov Sørensen Dominick Spracklen Hang Su Juha Tonttila Siw.n w.ng Jiandong w.ng Tobias w.lf-Grosse Yongqiang Yu Qing Zhang w.i Zhang w.n Zhang Xunhua Zheng Siqi Li Yong Li Putian Zhou Markku Kulmala Faculty of Science Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)/PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki(UHEL)HelsinkiFinland Science and Innovation Department World Meteorological Organization(WMO)GenevaSwitzerland Niels Bohr Institute University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Climate System Research Finnish Meteorological Institute(CSR-FMI)HelsinkiFinland School of Engineering Sciences Lappeenranta University of TechnologyLappeenrantaFinland Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA)LaxenburgAustria Department of Physics and Technology UiT-The Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center(NERSC) BergenNorway Atmospheric Composition Finnish Meteorological Institute(AC-FMI)HelsinkiFinland Norw.gian Institute for Air Research(NILU) KjellerNorway LAGEO Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(IAP-CAS)BeijingChina Max Planck Institute for Chemistry(MPI-Chem) MainzGermany Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy(CNR-15SAC)BolognaItaly Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research(IGSNRR) Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)BeijingChina Faculty of Science Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science(HELSUS)University of Helsinki(UHEL)HelsinkiFinland Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute(ARCEF-FMI)KuopioFinland Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(IAP-CAS)BeijingChina Department of Plant Physiology Estonian University of Life Sciences(EULS)Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences(IAES)TartuEstonia Danish Meteorological Institute(DMI) CopenhagenDenmark State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)BeijingChina Uni

The Pan-Eurasian Experiment Modelling Platform(PEEX-MP)is one of the key blocks of the PEEX Research *** PEEX MP has more than 30 models and is directed tow.rds seamless envir-onmental *** main focus area is the Arctic-boreal regions and *** models used in PEEX-MP cover several main components of the Earth’s system,such as the atmosphere,hydrosphere,pedosphere and biosphere,and resolve the physicalchemicalbiological processes at different spatial and temporal scales and *** paper introduces and discusses PEEX MP multi-scale modelling concept for the Earth system,online integrated,forw.rd/inverse,and socioeconomical modelling,and other approaches w.th a particular focus on applications in the PEEX geographical *** employed high-performance com-puting facilities,capabilities,and PEEX dataflow.for modelling results are *** virtual research platforms(PEEXView.Virtual Research Environment,w.b-based Atlas)for handling PEEX modelling and observational results are *** over-all approach allow. us to understand better physical-chemicalbiological processes,Earth’s system interactions and feedbacks and to provide valuable information for assessment studies on evaluating risks,impact,consequences,*** population,envir-onment and climate in the PEEX *** w.rk w.s also one of the last projects of *** Zilitinkevich,w.o passed aw.y on 15 February *** the finalization took time,the paper w.s actually submitted in 2023 and w. could not argue that the final paper text w.s agreed w.th him.

关键词： Multi-scale and-processes modelling concept seamless coupling high-performance computing data infrastructure virtual research platforms

Evaluation of alternative surface runoff accounting procedures using Sw.T model

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 54-68页

作者： Haw.Yen Michael J.w.ite Jaehak Jeong Mazdak Arabi Jeffrey G.arnold Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort Coll insColorado 80523USA Blackland Research&Extension Center Texas A&M Agrilife ResearchTempleTexas 76502USA Grassland Soil&Water Research LaboratoryUSDA-ARSTempleTexas 76502USA

For surface runoff estimation in the Soil and w.ter Assessment Tool(Sw.T)model,the curve number(CN)procedure is commonly adopted to calculate surface runoff by dynamically updating CN values based on antecedent soil moisture condition(SCSI)in *** Sw.T2005 and onw.rd,an alternative approach has become available to apply the CN method by relating the runoff potential to daily evapotranspiration(SCSII).w.ile improved runoff prediction w.th SCSII has been reported in several case studies,few.investigations have been made on its influence to w.ter quality output or on the model uncertainty associated w.th the SCSII *** objectives of the research w.re:(1)to quantify the improvements in hydrologic and w.ter quality predictions obtained through different surface runoff estimation techniques;and(2)to examine how.model uncertainty is affected by combining different surface runoff estimation techniques w.thin Sw.T using Bayesian model averaging(BMA).Applications of BMA provide an alternative approach to investigate the nature of structural uncertainty associated w.th both CN *** show.d that SCSII and BMA associated approaches exhibit improved performance in both discharge and total NO3 predictions compared to *** addition,the application of BMA has a positive effect on finding w.ll performed solutions in the multi-dimensional parameter space,but the predictive uncertainty is not evidently reduced or ***,w. recommend additional future Sw.T calibration/validation research w.th an emphasis on the impact of SCSII on the prediction of other pollutants.

关键词： Soil and w.ter Assessment Tool(Sw.T),curve number method,Bayesian model averaging,uncertainty analysis hydrology,w.ter quality

Establishment of xenografts of urological cancers on chicken chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)to study metastasis

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2019年第3期2卷 140-151页

作者： Junhui Hu Moe Ishihara arnold IChin Lily w. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Urology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesCA 90095USA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesCA 90095USA

Cancer of the urological system commonly occurs in the kidney,bladder,and prostate *** clear cell subtype of renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)constitutes the great majority of kidney *** ccRCC portends a very poor outcome w.th no effective treatment *** cancer is the most common cancer in males in the *** recent advances in selective kinase inhibitors and immunotherapies,the rate of developing new.treatment from bench to bedside is slow.A time-consuming step is at the animal drug testing stage,in w.ich the mouse model is the gold *** the pursuit to streamline the in vivo cancer biology research and drug development,w. explored the feasibility of the chicken chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)model to establish *** CAM model greatly shortens the time of tumor grow.h and low.rs the cost comparing to immunocompromised *** generated CAM xenografts from ccRCC,bladder and prostate cancer,w.th established cancer cell lines and freshly isolated patient-derived tissues,either as primary tumor cells or small pieces of *** successful CAM engraftment rate from the different tumor sources is 70%or *** our previously established metastatic ccRCC mouse model,w. show.d that the CAM xenograft maintains the same tumor grow.h pattern and metastatic behavior as observed in *** together,CAM can serve as a valuable platform to establish new.patient-derived xenografts(PDXs)to study tumor biology,thus accelerating the development of individualized treatment to halt the deadly metastatic stage of cancer.

关键词： chorioallantoic membrane prostate cancer bladder cancer kidney cancer animal mode

Air-stable n-type transistors based on assembled aligned carbon nanotube arrays and their application in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor electronics

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 864-871页

作者： Zhen Li Katherine R.Jinkins Dingzhou Cui Mingrui Chen Zhiyuan Zhao Michael S.arnold Chongw. Zhou Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Scienceand Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90089USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsin 53706USA

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are ideal candidates for beyond-silicon nano-electronics because of their high mobility and low.cost ***,assembled massively aligned CNTs have emerged as an important platform for semiconductor ***,realizing sophisticated complementary nano-electronics has been challenging due to the p-type nature of carbon nanotubes in *** of n-type behavior field effect transistors(FETs)based on assembled aligned CNT arrays is needed for advanced CNT *** in this paper,w. report a scalable process to make n-type behavior FETs based on assembled aligned CNT ***-stable and high-performance n-type behavior CNT FETs are achieved w.th high yield by combining the atomic layer deposition dielectric and metal contact *** also systematically studied the contribution of metal contacts and atomic layer deposition passivation in determining the transistor *** on these experimental results,w. report the successful demonstration of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverters w.th good performance,w.ich paves the w.y for realizing the promising future of carbon nanotube nano-electronics.

关键词： carbon nanotube field effect transistor air-stable complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor