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Flow hydrodynamics drive effective fish attraction behaviour into slotted fishway entrances

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2023年第4期35卷 782-802页

作者： maryam Farzadkhoo richard T.kingsford Iain m.Suthers Stefan Felder Water Research Laboratory School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Centre for Ecosystem Science School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

Effective fishways rely on attracting fish,utilising the natural rheotactic behaviour of fish to orient into an attraction flow near the *** the critical importance of attraction,understanding of the hydrodynamics of vertical slot entrances in relation to fish behaviour remains ***,hydrodynamic measurements of flows at slotted fishway entrances were experimented with two different designs,two velocities,three water depths,and two fish species,silver perch(Bidyanus bidyanus)and Australian bass(Percalates novemaculeata).Fish behaviours were tracked in relation to hydrodynamic measures of three-dimensional velocity and turbulent kinetic energy(TkE).There were distinct differences in the attraction flow between entrance designs,irrespective of velocity and water depth.A plain slotted entrance produced a more symmetric flow in the centre of the flume,causing fish to approach the entrance by skirting the core of the attraction jet flow and areas of high *** contrast,streamlined slotted entrance design resulted in an asymmetric attraction flow which guided fish along the wingwall towards the slotted entrance,improving attraction for both *** were clear patterns in swimming trajectories for silver perch,swimming along the sidewalls of the observation zone towards the entrance,but Australian bass were less predictable,using random routes on their way to the slotted *** species preferred areas of low turbulence(TkEm^(2)/s^(2)).This work has important implications for design of vertical slotted entrance systems.

关键词： Attraction jet flow fish behaviour fish swimming trajectories turbulent kinetic energy(TkE) Australian native fish

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Discrete element simulation of cylindrical particles using super-ellipsoids

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Particuology 2019年第5期17卷 55-66页

作者： Yongzhi Zhao Lei Xu Paul B. Umbanhowar richard m. Lueptow Institute of Process Equipment College of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston. Illinois 60208 USA The Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems (NICO) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

A discrete element model based on super-ellipsoids was used to simulate cylindrical particle flow. The model can describe a cylindrical particle accurately provided the shape indices of the super-ellipsoids are set to appropriate values. To achieve more rapid calculations, we implemented an "oriented bounding box algorithm"(OBBA) for the initial contact detection of cylindrical particles. Several types of Simulations were performed to validate the super-ellipsoid model and the contact-detection algorithm. First, the effect of shape index of the super-ellipsoids on model accuracy was investigated through three simulations: impact of a cylindrical particle on a flat wall, flow of cylindrical particles in a rotating tumbler, and segregation of cylindrical particles of different length flowing down a bounded heap. The simulation results show that the super-ellipsoids describe cylindrical particles accurately when the shape index that specifies the sharpness of the cylinder edges is sufficiently large. The efficiency of the OBBA is measured by simulations in which a box is filled with cylindrical particles and a tumbler that contains cylindrical particles is rotated. The simulation results show that the OBBA can accelerate the calculations significantly. The effect of particle shape (such as aspect ratio and shape index) on the calculation speed was obtained. The simulation of rod-like particles tended to take more calculation time than that of disk-like particles, and the simulation time increased with an increasing particle-shape index.

关键词： Discrete element method Super-ellipsoid Super-quadric Cylindrical particle Non-spherical particle Granular material

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第15期23卷 2785-2794页

作者： Charles Cock Laura k Besanko Carly m Burgstad Alison Thompson Stamatiki kritas richard Heddle Robert JL Fraser Taher I Omari Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Flinders University of South Australia Gastroenterology Unit Women's and Children's Health Network Human Physiology School of MedicineFlinders University of South Australia

AIm To investigate the functional effects of abnormal esophagogastric(EGJ) measurements in asymptomatic healthy volunteers over eighty years of age. mETHODS Data from 30 young controls(11 m, mean age 37 ± 11 years) and 15 aged subjects(9 m, 85 ± 4 years) were compared for novel metrics of EGJ-function: EGJcontractile integral(EGJ-CI), "total" EGJ-CI and bolus flow time(BFT). Data were acquired using a 3.2 mm, 25 pressure(1 cm spacing) and 12 impedance segment(2 cm) solid-state catheter(Unisensor and mmS SolarGI system) across the EGJ. Five swallows each of 5 m L liquid(L) and viscous(V) bolus were analyzed. mean values were compared using Student's t test for normally distributed data or mann Whitney U-test when non-normally distributed. A P value milar for older subjects compared to controls. "Total" EGJ-CI, measured during liquid swallowing, was increased in older individuals when compared to young controls(O 39 ± 7 mm *** vs C 18 ± 3 mm ***; P = 0.006). For both liquid and viscous bolus consistencies, IRP4 was increased(L: 11.9 ± 2.3 mm Hg vs 5.9 ± 1.0 mm Hg, P = 0.019 and V: 14.3 ± 2.4 mm Hg vs 7.3 ± 0.8 mm Hg; P = 0.02) and BFT was reduced(L: 1.7 ± 0.3 s vs 3.8 ± 0.2 s and V: 1.9 ± 0.3 s vs 3.8 ± 0.2 s; P mpared to young. A matrix of bolus flow and presence above the EGJ indicated reductions in bolus flow at the EGJ occurred due to both impaired bolus transport through the esophageal body(i.e., the bolus never reached the EGJ) and increased flow resistance at the EGJ(i.e., the bolus retained just above the EGJ).CONCLUSION Bolus flow through the EGJ is reduced in asymptomatic older individuals. Both ineffective esophageal bolus transport and increased EGJ resistance contribute to impaired bolus flow.

关键词： Aging Esophagus Impedance manometry Pressure Esophagogastric junction

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Quantifying geological uncertainty in metamorphic phase equilibria modelling;a monte Carlo assessment and implications for tectonic interpretations

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第4期7卷 591-607页

作者： richard m.Palin Owen m.Weller David J.Waters Brendan Dyck Institute of Geosciences Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz55128MainzGermany Geological Survey of Canada 601 Booth StreetOttawaONKIA OESCanada Department of Earth Sciences University of OxfordOxfordOX1 3ANUnited Kingdom

Pseudosection modelling is rapidly becoming an essential part of a petrologist＇s toolkit and often forms the basis of interpreting the tectonothermal evolution of a rock sample, outcrop, or geological region. Of the several factors that can affect the accuracy and precision of such calculated phase diagrams, ＂geological＂ uncertainty related to natural petrographic variation at the hand sample- and/or thin section-scale is rarely considered. Such uncertainty influences the sample＇s bulk composition, which is the primary control on its equilibrium phase relationships and thus the interpreted pressure-temper- ature （P-T） conditions of formation. Two case study examples--a garnet-cordierite granofels and a garnet-staurolite-kyanite schist--are used to compare the relative importance that geological uncer- tainty has on bulk compositions determined via （1） X-ray fluorescence （XRF） or （2） point counting techniques. We show that only minor mineralogical variation at the thin-section scale propagates through the phase equilibria modelling procedure and affects the absolute P-T conditions at which key assemblages are stable. Absolute displacements of equilibria can approach ＋l kbar for only a moderate degree of modal proportion uncertainty, thus being essentially similar to the magnitudes reported for analytical uncertainties in conventional thermobarometry. Bulk compositions determined from multiple thin sections of a heterogeneous garnet-staurolite-kyanite schist show a wide range in major-element oxides, owing to notable variation in mineral proportions. Pseudosections constructed for individual point count-derived bulks accurately reproduce this variability on a case-by-case basis, though averaged proportions do not correlate with those calculated at equivalent peak P-T conditions for a whole-rock XRF-derived bulk composition. The main discrepancies relate to varying proportions of matrix phases （primarily mica） relative to porphyroblasts （primarily staurolite and kyanit

关键词： Geological uncertainty Error Pseudosection monte Carlo mnNCkFmASHTO

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Cost analysis of childhood glaucoma surgeries using the US medicaire allowable costs

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第5期16卷 700-704页

作者： Abdelrahman m.Elhusseiny mohamed m.khodeiry Nicolas A.Yannuzzi Ta C.Chang richard k.Lee William E.Smiddy Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida 33136USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansas 72205USA

AIm: To analyze and calculate the relative cost of various childhood glaucoma surgical interventions per mm Hg intraocular pressure(IOP) reduction($/mm Hg).mETHODS: Representative index studies were reviewed to quantitate the reduction of mean IOP and glaucoma medications for each surgical intervention in childhood glaucoma. A US perspective was adopted, using medicare allowable costs to calculate cost/mm Hg IOP reduction($/mm Hg) at 1y ***: At 1y postoperatively, the cost/mm Hg IOP reduction was $226/mm Hg for microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy, $284/mm Hg for cyclophotocoagulation, $288/mm Hg for conventional ab-externo trabeculotomy, $338/mm Hg for Ahmed glaucoma valve, $350/mm Hg for Baerveldt glaucoma implant, $351/mm Hg for goniotomy, and $400/mm Hg for ***: microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy is the most cost-efficient surgical method to lower IOP in childhood glaucoma, while trabeculectomy is the least cost-efficient surgical method.

关键词： glaucoma cost analysis trabeculotomy trabeculectomy intraocular pressure childhood glaucoma

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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and liver diseases

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Liver Research 2019年第1期3卷 55-64页

作者： Xiaoying Liu richard m.Green Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA

Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress occurs when ER homeostasis is perturbed with accumulation of unfolded/misfolded protein or calcium *** unfolded protein response(UPR),comprising of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 a(IRE1 a),double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase(PkR)-like ER kinase(PERk)and activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)signaling pathways,is a protective cellular response activated by ER ***,UPR activation can also induce cell death upon persistent ER *** liver is susceptible to ER stress given its synthetic and other biological *** studies from human liver samples and animal disease models have indicated a crucial role of ER stress and the UPR signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of liver diseases,including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),alcoholic liver disease(ALD),alpha-1 antitrypsin(AAT)deficiency(AATD),cholestatic liver disease,drug-induced liver injury,ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,viral hepatitis and hepatocel-lular carcinoma(HCC).Extensive investigations have demonstrated the potential underlying mechanisms of the induction of ER stress and the contribution of the UPR pathways during the development of the ***,ER stress and the UPR proteins and genes have become emerging therapeutic targets to treat liver diseases.

关键词： Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress Unfolded protein response(UPR) Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 a(IRE1 a) Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase(PkR)-like ER kinase(PERk) Activating transcription factor 6(ATF6) Liver diseases

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Secular change in earth processes： Preface

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 965-966页

作者： richard m.Palin Christopher J.Spencer Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401 USA The Institute of Geoscience Research (TIGER) School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University WA 6102 Australia

*** Uniformitarianism is a traditional approach used in many areas of geoscience that assumes the geologic processes observed today operated similarly throughout all of Earth history（Hutton,1788;Windley,1993）,with such an ideology commonly encapsulated by the maxim＂the present is the key to the past＂.This concept is closely associated with the philosophical principle of Occam’s razor.

关键词： Secular change in earth processes Preface

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Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatic infarction after liver biopsy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第7期20卷 1878-1881页

作者： Faraz Bishehsari Peng-Sheng Ting richard m Green Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Feinberg School of MedicineRobert H.Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Department of medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms(HAP)are rare events,particularly after liver biopsy,but can be associated with serious *** a high suspicion is necessary for timely diagnosis and appropriate *** report on a case of HAP that potentially formed after a liver biopsy in a patient with *** HAP in our case was virtually undetectable initially by angiography but resulted in several complications including recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding,hemorrhagic cholecystitis and finally hepatic infarction with abscess formation until it became detectable at a size of *** patient remains asymptomatic over a year after endovascular embolization of the *** this report,we demonstrate that a small HAP can avoid detection by angiography at an early stage while being symptomatic for a prolonged course.A high clinical suspicion with a close clinical/radiological follow-up is needed in symptomatic patients with history of liver biopsy despite initial negative work *** diagnosed,HAP can be safely and effectively treated by endovascular embolization.

关键词： Gastrointestinal bleed Abnormal liver enzymes Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms Liver biopsy Angiography

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Synthesis of Bio-based Epoxy Containing Phosphine Oxide as a Reactive Additive Toward Highly Toughened and Fire-retarded Epoxy Resins

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第11期41卷 1733-1746,I0007页

作者： Chunxiang Wei Tianyu Gao Yu Xu Wenjie Yang Guangjian Dai Ruiting Li SanE Zhu richard k.k.Yuen Wei Yang Hongdian Lu School of Energy Materials and Chemical EngineeringHefei UniversityHefei 230601China Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21EWU.K. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

The integration of high mechanical toughness,impact strength as well as excellent flame-retardant properties toward epoxy resins(EPs)have always been a *** inadequate overall performance of EPs severely restricts their sustainable utilization in engineering aspects over ***,a new bio-based agent(diglycidyl ether of magnolol phosphine oxide,referred as DGEmP)derived from magnolol(classified as lignan),extracted from natural plants magnolia officinalis,was successfully synthesized and further employed as a flameretardant reactive additive to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA).As demonstration,the composite resin,DGEBA/15DGEmP(15 wt%DGEmP),achieved an Underwriters Laboratories-94 V-0 rating with a high limiting oxygen index(LOI)value(41.5%).In cone calorimeter tests,it showed that heat release and smoke production were effectively inhibited during combustion,wherein the peak heat release rate(PHRR)value of DGEBA/15DGEmP was reduced by 50%compared to neat ***,it exhibited a superior tensile strength(82.8 mPa),toughness(5.11mJ/m^(3))and impact strength(36.5 k J/m^(2)),much higher than that of neat DGEBA(49.7 mPa,2.05 mJ/m^(3)and 20.9 k J/m^(2)).Thus,it is highly anticipated that DGEmP imparts significantly improved mechanical and fire-retarded properties to conventional EPs,which holds a great potential to address the pressing challenges in EP thermosets industry.

关键词： Epoxy resin magnolol Phosphine oxide Toughness Flame retardant

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Distance management of inflammatory bowel disease:Systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第3期20卷 829-842页

作者： Vivian W Huang krista m Reich richard N Fedorak Division of Gastroenterology University of Alberta

AIm: To review the effectiveness of distance management methods in the management of adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

关键词： Telemanagement Telehealth Inflammatory bowel disease Distance management Self-management

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