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Drought can offset potential water use efficiency of forest ecosystems from rising atmospheric CO2

journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 262-274页

作者： Ning Liu jatin Kala Shirong Liu Vanessa Haverd Bernard Dell Keith R.j.Smettem richard j.harper Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150 Australia Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 10091 China CSIRO Oceans&Atmosphere ACT 2600 Australia

Increasing atmospheric CO2 is both leading to climate change and providing a potential fertilisation effect on plant ***,southern Australia has also experienced a significant decline in rainfall over the last 30 years,resulting in increased vegetative water *** better understand the dynamics and responses of Australian forest ecosystems to drought and elevated CO2,the magnitude and trend in water use efficiency(WUE)of forests,and their response to drought and elevated CO2 from 1982 to 2014 were analysed,using the best available model estimates constrained by observed fluxes from simulations with fixed and time-varying *** ratio of gross primary productivity(GPP)to evapotranspiration(ET)(WUEe)was used to identify the ecosystem scale WUE,while the ratio of GPP to transpiration(Tr)(WUEc)was used as a measure of canopy scale *** increased significantly in northern Australia(p<0.001)for woody savannas(WSA),whereas there was a slight decline in the WUE of evergreen broadleaf forests(EBF)in the southeast and southwest of *** lag of WUEc to drought was consistent and relatively short and stable between biomes(<3 months),but notably varied for WUEe,with a long time-lag(mean of 10 months).The dissimilar responses of WUEe and WUEc to climate change for different geographical areas result from the different proportion of Tr in ***2 fertilization and a wetter climate enhanced WUE in northern Australia,whereas drought offset the CO2 fertilization effect in southern Australia.

关键词： Water use efficiency Elevated CO2 Carbon sequestration,drought Forest Australia

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Ecological factors influencing the beneficial endosymbionts of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera:Adelgidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 97-107页

作者： Angela M.Mech Sherilyn j.harper Nathan P.Havill Carol D.von Dohlen Gaelen R.Burke Department of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationHamdenConnecticutUSA Department of Biology Utah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA

Bacterial endosymbionts of sap-sucking insects provide their host with a num- ber of beneficial qualities,including the supply of nutrition,defense against parasitoids, and protection from heat *** to these bacterial associates can therefore have a negative impact on the fitness of their insect *** evaluated observational and experi- mental factors regarding the normative hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) (Hemiptera:Adelgidae)to help understand the roles of its three recently identified symbionts,including under heat stress *** prevalence of ***'s facultafive symbiont (Serratia symbiotica)was examined at different spatial scales to determine how variable infection rates are for this *** was no significant difference found in infection rates between adelgids on a tree,within a plot,or within a ***, significantly more adelgids in Georgia (95%)had *** compared to those in New York (68%).Microsatellite genotyping of the adelgids found that this difference was most likely not the result of a second introduction *** into eastern North *** *** proportions between first and fourth instars showed that symbiont absence did not affect the ability *** to survive *** of sym- biont densities within each adelgid found that when *** was absent,the density of obligate symbionts was significantly *** to heat stress (32.5℃)was not consistently correlated with changes in symbiont densities over a 4-d ***,we have shown that symbiont prevalence and densities vary within the broad population of *** in eastern North America,with potentially significant effects upon the ecology of this important pest.

关键词： Adelges tsugae Anncindia adelgestsuga bacterial endosymbionts Serratia symbiotica Pseudomonas adelgestsugas

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Toward optical coherence tomography on a chip: in vivo three-dimensional human retinal imaging using photonic integrated circuit-based arrayed waveguide gratings

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第1期10卷 71-85页

作者： Elisabet A.Rank Ryan Sentosa Danielle j.harper Matthias Salas Anna Gaugutz Dana Seyringer Stefan Nevlacsil Alejandro Maese-Novo Moritz Eggeling Paul Muellner Rainer Hainberger Martin Sagmeister jochen Kraft Rainer ALeitgeb Wolfgang Drexler Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Medical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18-20/4 L1090 ViennaAustria Research Centre for Microtechnology Vorarlberg University of Applied SciencesHochschulstrasse 16850 DornbirnAustria AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Gieffinggasse 41210 ViennaAustria ams AG Tobelbader Strasse 308141 PremstaettenAustria

In this work,we present a significant step toward in vivo ophthalmic optical coherence tomography and angiography on a photonic integrated *** diffraction gratings used in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography can be replaced by photonic integrated circuits comprising an arrayed waveguide *** arrayed waveguide grating designs with 256 channels were tested,which enabled the first chip-based optical coherence tomography and angiography in vivo three-dimensional human retinal *** 1 supports a bandwidth of 22nm,with which a sensitivity of up to 91 dB(830μW) and an axial resolution of 10.7 pm was *** 2 supports a bandwidth of 48 nm,with which a sensitivity of 90 dB(480μW) and an axial resolution of 6.5μm was *** silicon nitride-based integrated optical waveguides were fabricated with a fully CMOS-compatible process,which allows their monolithic co-integration on top of an optoelectronic silicon *** a benchmark for chip-based optical coherence tomography,tomograms generated by a commercially available clinical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system were compared to those acquired with on-chip *** similarities in the tomograms demonstrate the significant clinical potential for further integration of optical coherence tomography on a chip system.

关键词： waveguide arrayed optical

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An overview of PCI in the very elderly

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第2期12卷 174-184页

作者： Vimalraj Bogana Shanmugam richard harper Ian Meredith Yuvaraj Malaiapan Peter j Psaltis Cardiovascular Research Centre Monash University 246 Clayton Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia

Cardiovascular disease, and in particular ischemic heart disease （IHD）, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the very elderly （〉 80 years） worldwide. These patients represent a rapidly growing cohort presenting for percntaneous coronary intervention （PCI）, now constituting more than one in five patients treated with PCI in real-world practice. Furthermore, they often have greater ischemic burden than their younger counterparts, suggesting that they have greater scope of benefit from coronary revascularization therapy. Despite this, the very elderly are frequently under-represented in clinical revascularization trials and historically there has been a degree of physician reluctance in referring them for PCI procedures, with perceptions of disappointing outcomes, low success and high complication rates. Several issues have contributed to this, including the tendency for older patients with IHD to present late, with atypical symptoms or non-diagnostic ECGs, and reservations regarding their procedural risk-to-benefit ratio, due to shorter life expectancy, presence of comorbidities and increased bleeding risk from antiplatelet and anticoagulation medications. However, advances in PCI technology and techniques over the past decade have led to better outcomes and lower risk of complications and the existing body of evidence now indicates that the very elderly actually derive more relative benefit from PCI than younger populations. Importantly, this applies to all PCI settings： elective, urgent and emergency. This review discusses the role of PCI in the very elderly presenting with chronic stable IHD, non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. It also addresses the clinical challenges met when considering PCI in this cohort and the ongoing need for research and development to further improve outcomes in these challenging patients.

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome Angina Antithrombotic therapy Myocardial infarction Octogenarians Percutaneous coronary intervention The elderly

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Chemical Determination of Base Status Metals in Soil Sediments and Particulate Matter in Wellington Industrial Estate Location

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Open journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第5期14卷 1338-1352页

作者： richard Tamba Simbo jerry Yeke Paye Fayia Francis Nyuma Department of Chemistry School of Basic Sciences Njala University Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Science and Mathematics College of Arts and Sciences William V.S. Tubman University Harper Liberia Department of Fisheries and Science Thomas J.R Faulkner College of Science and Technology University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

This research study explored the levels of base status metals in soil sediments and particulate matter in the wellington industrial estate location;the main objectives were to: 1) determine sodium and potassium, 2) determine calcium and magnesium, 3) determine available iron. The following hypotheses were put forward;H0a: there is no significant difference in the concentration levels between Ca and Mg in the study area, H1a: there is significant difference in the concentration levels between Ca and Mg in the study area, H0b: there is no significant difference in the concentration levels between Na and K in the study area, H1b: there is significant difference in the concentration levels between Na and K in the study area. Six locations were used to collect samples with the aid of scoop and gravel free auger (at varying depths of 0 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm) which are Wellington Industrial Estate Area 1 (WIEL 1), (WIEL 2), (WIEL 3), (WIEL 4), (WIEL 5), (WIEL 6);the samples were given laboratory treatment. Flame photometer, EDTA, and Spectrophotometer were used in the determinations of sodium and potassium, calcium and magnesium, and available iron respectively. The results indicated that levels of potassium were in medium range (moderately high);sodium levels were generally low when compared to Brook’s classification table. Levels of calcium were generally low and those of magnesium were moderate based on Brook’s table of classification. Levels of available iron which fall within the range of Quijano-Guerta (2003) were high;this implies such levels can lead to toxicity. In all locations, there was decrease in the levels of each metal in the samples with (5 - 10 cm) depth.

关键词： Deposition Environment Particulate Sediment Toxicity

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Maturity-associated considerations for training load,injury risk,and physical performance in youth soccer:One size does not fit all

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 403-412页

作者： Chris Towlson jamie Salter jack D.Ade Kevin Enright Liam D.harper richard M.Page james j.Malone Department of Sport Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of HullHull HU67RXUK School of Sport York St John UniversityYork YO317EXUK Liverpool FC Academy Liverpool Football ClubLiverpool L337EDUK Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences L3Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AUK Human and Health Sciences University of HuddersfieldHuddersfield HD13DHUK Department of Sport and Physical Activity Edge Hill UniversityOrmskirk L394QPUK School of Health Sciences Liverpool Hope UniversityLiverpool L169JDUK

Biological maturation can be defined as the timing and tempo of progress to achieving a mature *** estimation of age of peak height velocity(PHV)or percentage of final estimated adult stature attainment(%EASA)is typically used to inform the training process in young *** youth soccer,maturity-related changes in anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics are diverse among individuals,particularly around *** this time,players are also at an increased risk of sustaining an overuse or growth-related *** a result,the implementation of training interventions can be *** purpose of this review was to(1)highlight and discuss many of the methods that can be used to estimate maturation in the applied setting and(2)discuss the implications of manipulating training load around PHV on physical development and injury *** have provided key stakeholders with a practical online tool for estimating player maturation status(Supplementary Maturity Estimation Tools).Whilst estimating maturity using predictive equations is useful in guiding the training process,practitioners should be aware of its *** increase the accuracy and usefulness of data,it is also vital that sports scientists implement reliable testing protocols at predetermined time-points.

关键词： Growth Injury Maturation Soccer Training

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纤维丝光棉织物的耐久压烫整理

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国外纺织技术（化纤．染整．环境保护分册） 1996年第6期 33-38页

作者： Robert j.harper jr 陈昂玲

关于棉纤维和棉织物的丝光已有了广泛的研究。但是,对丝光纤维织成的棉织物的研究还极其有限。在这一方面Kim和他的同事们做了大量的工作,采用了一种特殊的设备,它能允许棉粗纱松弛丝光后再逐渐拉伸。丝光粗纱制成的纱线和织物与相应的... 详细信息

关于棉纤维和棉织物的丝光已有了广泛的研究。但是,对丝光纤维织成的棉织物的研究还极其有限。在这一方面Kim和他的同事们做了大量的工作,采用了一种特殊的设备,它能允许棉粗纱松弛丝光后再逐渐拉伸。丝光粗纱制成的纱线和织物与相应的对照物进行比较。这些参照物包括纱线丝光织物。

关键词：丝光纤维棉织物耐压烫整理整理

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棉/羊毛混纺织物的整理

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国外纺织技术 1986年第6期 35-38页

作者： Robert j.harper 张文光

最近,人们对天然混纺织物的兴趣产生了如何最适当地整理棉/羊毛混纺织物的问题。尽管棉和羊毛织物的整理在文献中已有大量报道,但这两种纤维的混纺织物的整理仅引起了一定的重视。例如.O'Connell 等

关键词：毛混纺织物浸轧催化剂湿态硝酸锌交联剂弧度硝酸盐固化剂橡胶助剂折皱回复角耐久压烫

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阳离子型聚丙烯酸酯用于成衣染色

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国外纺织技术（化纤．染整．环境保护分册） 1991年第1期 17-20页

作者： Robert j.harper 眭伟民

引言采用反应型添加剂制造可染的免烫织物作为一种工艺,已有一些报导,但是有关用聚合物添加剂的报导相对较少。其中的一个原因是因为涉及到专利,而受到专利范围的限制。

关键词：成衣染色聚丙烯酸酯阳离子型

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Shifting Private Timberland Ownership in South Carolina: Implications for Management Intensity

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Open journal of Forestry 2012年第4期2卷 279-285页

作者： john E. Hatcher jr. Thomas j. Straka richard A. harper Tim O. Adams Forest Inventory and Analysis USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Clemson USA School of Agricultural Forest and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson USA South Carolina Forestry Commission Columbia USA School of Agricultural Forest and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson USA

Beginning in the late 1970’s forest industry timberland gained the eye of financial investors. Diamond International and Crown Zellerbach were early firms that were purchased for the “break-up value” of their timberland. Timberland was perceived as undervalued by investors and made forest industry firms attractive takeover targets. This started a process where forest industry divested of its timberland. Some firms formed separate entities for its timberland base. Acquisitions and mergers became popular in the industry. Some forest industry companies converted to real estate investment trusts, for tax and defensive reasons. Large institutional investors became interested in timberland as means to diversify their portfolios and increase financial performance. Timber management investment organizations developed to manage and procure timberland for these institutional investors. Today little of the forest industry timberland remains with vertically-integrated forest products companies. South Carolina’s forest industry timberland decreased by about 800,000 ha since 1993 (or nearly 90%). This has implications for the state’s timber supply. Forest industry timberlands were some of the most productive and intensively managed forests in the state. We address how forest management might change on this timberland and how long-term timber supply might be impacted in the state.

关键词： Industrial Timberland Timber Investment Management Organization Real Estate Investment Trust Timber Supply Forestry Investment

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