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A composite particle swarm algorithm for global optimization of multimodal functions

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第5期21卷 1871-1880页

作者：谭冠政鲍琨 richard Maina Rimiru School of information Science and Engineering Central South University

During the last decade, many variants of the original particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm have been proposed for global numerical optimization, hut they usually face many challenges such as low solution quality and slow convergence speed on multimodal function optimization. A composite particle swarm optimization （CPSO） for solving these difficulties is presented, in which a novel learning strategy plus an assisted search mechanism framework is used. instead of simple learning strategy of the original PSO, the proposed CPSO combines one particle＇s historical best information and the global best information into one learning exemplar to guide the particle movement. The proposed learning strategy can reserve the original search information and lead to faster convergence speed. The proposed assisted search mechanism is designed to look for the global optimum. Search direction of particles can be greatly changed by this mechanism so that the algorithm has a large chance to escape from local optima. in order to make the assisted search mechanism more efficient and the algorithm more reliable, the executive probability of the assisted search mechanism is adjusted by the feedback of the improvement degree of optimal value after each iteration. According to the result of numerical experiments on multimodal benchmark functions such as Schwefel, Rastrigin, Ackley and Griewank both with and without coordinate rotation, the proposed CPSO offers faster convergence speed, higher quality solution and stronger robustness than other variants of PSO.

关键词： particle swarm algorithm global numerical optimization novel learning strategy assisted search mechanism feedbackprobability regulation

Conservation genomic investigation of an endangered conifer,Thuja sutchuenensis,reveals low genetic diversity but also low genetic load

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 78-90页

作者： Tongzhou Tao richard iMilne Jialiang Li Heng Yang Shiyang Wang Sihan Chen Kangshan Mao Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education&Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina institute of Molecular Plant Science School of Biological ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93BFUK College of Science Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000Xizang Autonomous RegionPR China

Endangered species generally have small populations with low genetic diversity and a high genetic *** sutchuenensis is an endangered conifer endemic to southwestern *** was once considered extinct in the wild,but in 1999 was ***,little is known about its genetic *** collected 67 individuals from five wild,isolated *** populations,and used 636,151 SNPs to analyze the level of genetic diversity and genetic load in *** to delineate the conservation units of ***,based on whole transcriptome sequencing data,as well as target capture sequencing *** found that populations of *** could be divided into three *** groups had low levels genetic diversity and were moderately genetically *** findings also indicate that *** suffered two severe bottlenecks around the Last Glaciation Period and Last Glacial *** Thuja species,*** presented the lowest genetic load and hence might have purged deleterious mutations efficiently through purifying ***,distribution of fitness effects analysis indicated a high extinction risk for *** lines of evidence identified three management units for *** *** possesses a low genetic load,low genetic diversity,suboptimal fitness,and anthropogenic pressures all present an extinction risk for this rare *** might also hold true for many endangered plant species in the mountains all over the world.

关键词： Sichuan Arborvitae Genetic load Deleterious mutations Demographic history Conservation genomics

Quantifying Likelihood in Digital Forensic investigations

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Journal of Harbin institute of Technology(New Series) 2014年第6期21卷 1-4页

作者： richard E Overill Department of informatics King's College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUnited Kingdom

While the conventional forensic scientists routinely validate and express the results of their investigations quantitatively using statistical measures from probability theory,digital forensics examiners rarely if ever do *** this paper,we review some of the quantitative tools and techniques which are available for use in digital forensic investigations,including Bayesian networks,complexity theory,information theory and probability theory,and indicate how they may be used to obtain likelihood ratios or odds ratios for the relative plausibility of alternative explanations for the creation of the recovered digital *** potential benefits of such quantitative measures for modern digital forensics are also outlined.

关键词： likelihood ratio odds ratio Bayesian network power law statistics,probability theory complexity theory information theory

Linking uplift and mineralisation at the Mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit,Northern Australia:Evidence from geology,U-Pb geochronology and sphalerite geochemistry

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 333-350页

作者： Bradley Cave William Perkins richard Lilly Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Geological Survey of Queensland BrisbaneQLDAustralia

The subeconomic Mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag deposit is located approximately 20 km south of Mount isa,*** contrast to the nearby Mount isa,Hilton and George Fisher Zn-Pb-Ag deposits,mineralisation at Mount Novit is situated to the west of the regional-scale Mount isa Fault and is hosted in the Moondarra Siltstone as opposed to the Urquhart ***-grade(ineralisation primarily replaces pre-existing carbonate alteration and veining and consists of pyrrhotite,pyrite and sphalerite with lesser ***-grade(>10 wt.%Zn+Pb)mineralisation occurs as a matrix supported breccia dominated by sphalerite and pyrrhotite with galena,pyrite,and ***-situ U-Pb geochronology was completed on apatite and two textural varieties of ***-grained(ite is located within highly foliated biotite alteration directly adjacent Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation and yields a mean weighted^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age of 1527±18 Ma(MSWD=1.06).This age is consistent with the formation of highly foliated biotite alteration during D;deformation of the isan *** from the same fabric yields a lower intercept age of1443±29 Ma(MSWD=1.30).Consistent with previous studies,this age is interpreted to represent the age of a major thrusting event along the Mount isa Fault that resulted in the cooling of the Mount Novit area below~375℃.Coarse-grained monazite is coeval with Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation and yields a mean weighted^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age of 1457±11 Ma(MSWD=0.28).Sphalerite from Mount Novit has low concentrations(ively high concentration of in(5 to>10 ppm),possibly reflecting the leaching of the metals from an underlying basement *** GGiMFis geothermometer(Frenzel et al.,2016)produced a mean formation temperature of 345±52℃.The timing and temperature of Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation is consistent with the age and cooling temperature of apatite presented in this *** on these correlations,we

关键词： Mount isa Mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation Monazite Apatite Geochronology

Cell transplantation to replace retinal ganglion cells faces challenges-the Switchboard Dilemma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1138-1143页

作者： Yuan Liu richard K.Lee Bascom Palmer Eye institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

The mammalian retina displays incomplete intrinsic regenerative capacities;therefore,retina degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness such as glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration and diabetic *** diseases lead to the loss of retinal cells and serious vision loss in the late *** cell transplantation is a great promising novel treatment for these incurable retinal degenerative diseases and represents an exciting area of regenerative *** suitable stem cell sources for transplantation including human embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells have been identified as promising target ***,the retina is an elegant neuronal complex composed of various types of cells with different *** replacement of these different types of cells by transplantation should be addressed *** far,retinal pigment epithelium transplantation has achieved the most advanced stage of clinical trials,while transplantation of retinal neurons such as retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors has been mostly studied in pre-clinical animal *** this review,we opine on the key problems that need to be addressed before stem cells transplantation,especially for replacing injured retinal ganglion cells,may be used practically for treatment.A key problem we have called the Switchboard Dilemma is a major block to have functional retinal ganglion cell *** use the public switchboard telephone network as an example to illustrate different difficulties for replacing damaged components in the retina that allow for visual *** ganglion cell transplantation is confronted by significant hurdles,because retinal ganglion cells receive signals from different interneurons,integrate and send signals to the correct targets of the visual system,which functions similar to the switchboard in a telephone network-therefore the Switchboard Dilemma.

关键词： cell transplantation optic nerve regeneration photoreceptors retina degeneration retinal ganglion cells stem cells

Dynamic Scaling of the Generalized Complementary Relationship improves Long-term Tendency Estimates in Land Evaporation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第9期37卷 975-986页

作者： Jozsef SZiLAGYi richard CRAGO Ning MA Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Budapest University of Technology H-1111Budapest Hungary Conservation and Survey Division School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraska 68583USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Bucknell UniversityLewisburgPennsylvania 17837USA Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Most large-scale evapotranspiration(ET)estimation methods require detailed information of land use,land cover,and/or soil type on top of various atmospheric *** complementary relationship of evaporation(CR)takes advantage of the inherent dynamic feedback mechanisms found in the soil−vegetation−atmosphere interface for its estimation of ET rates without the need of such biogeophysical *** estimates over the conterminous United States by a new,globally calibrated,static scaling(GCR-stat)of the generalized complementary relationship(GCR)of evaporation were compared to similar estimates of an existing,calibration-free version(GCR-dyn)of the GCR that employs a temporally varying dynamic *** annual water balances of 327 medium and 18 large watersheds served as ground-truth ET *** long-term monthly mean forcing,GCR-stat(also utilizing precipitation measurements)outperforms GCR-dyn as the latter cannot fully take advantage of its dynamic scaling with such data of reduced temporal ***,in a continuous monthly simulation,GCR-dyn is on a par with GCR-stat,and especially excels in reproducing long-term tendencies in annual catchment ET rates even though it does not require precipitation *** same GCR-dyn estimates were also compared to similar estimates of eight other popular ET products and they generally outperform all of *** this reason,a dynamic scaling of the GCR is recommended over a static one for modeling long-term behavior of terrestrial ET.

关键词： land−atmosphere interactions land evaporation evapotranspiration complementary relationship of evaporation

An editorial overview: HiV/AiDS in China

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期15卷 821-822页

作者： richard Y ZHAO University of Maryland School of Medicine 10 South Pine Street MSTF 700A Baltimore Maryland 21201 USA

China has come a long way n fightin against HiV/ADSepidemic. The chinese government has taken as active role in combatin this detrimental disease and such a welcome a ttitude by the Chinese government will certainly p... 详细信息

关键词： HiV/AiDS in China AiDS An editorial overview

High Performance Electrically Small Huygens Rectennas Enable Wirelessly Powered internet of Things Sensing Applications:A Review

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Engineering 2022年第4期8卷 42-59页

作者： Wei Lin richard W.Ziolkowski Global Big Data Technologies Centre School of Electrical and Data EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia

Far-field wireless power transfer(WPT)is a major breakthrough technology that will enable the many anticipated ubiquitous internet of Things(ioT)applications associated with fifth generation(5G),sixth generation(6G),and beyond wireless ***,which are the combination of rectifying circuits and antennas,are the most critical components in far-field WPT ***,compact application devices require even smaller integrated rectennas that simultaneously have large electromagnetic wave capture capabilities,high alternating current(AC)-to-direct current(DC)(AC-to-DC)conversion efficiencies,and facilitate a multifunctional wireless *** paper reviews various rectenna miniaturization techniques such as meandered planar inverted-F antenna(PiFA)rectennas;miniaturized monopole-and dipole-based rectennas;fractal loop and patch rectennas;dielectric-loaded rectennas;and electrically small near-field resonant parasitic *** performance characteristics are summarized and then compared with our previously developed electrically small Huygens rectennas that are proven to be more suitable for ioT *** have been tailored,for example,to achieve batteryfree ioT sensors as is demonstrated in this ***-free,wirelessly powered devices are smaller and lighter in weight in comparison to battery-powered ***,they are environmentally friendly and,hence,have a significant societal benefit.A series of high-performance electrically small Huygens rectennas are presented including Huygens linearly-polarized(HLP)and circularly-polarized(HCP)rectennas;wirelessly powered ioT sensors based on these designs;and a dual-functional HLP rectenna and antenna ***,two linear uniform HLP rectenna array systems are considered for significantly larger wireless power *** arrays illustrate how they can be integrated advantageously with DC or radio frequency(RF)power-combining schemes for practical ioT applications.

关键词： Antenna Array Cardioid pattern Electrically small antenna Huygens dipole antenna internet of Things(ioT) Rectenna Rectifier circuit Wireless power transfer

is irritable bowel syndrome an infectious disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1331-1334页

作者： John richard Thompson Department of Pharmacy Practice Lipscomb University College of PharmacyOne University Park DriveNashvilleTN 37204United States

irritable bowel syndrome(iBS) is the most common of all gastroenterological diseases. While many mechanisms have been postulated to explain its etiology, no single mechanism entirely explains the heterogeneity of symptoms seen with the various phenotypes of the disease. Recent data from both basic and clinical sciences suggest that underlying infectious disease may provide a unifying hypothesis that better explains the overall symptomatology. The presence of small intestinal bowel overgrowth(SiBO) has been documented in patients with iBS and reductions in SiBO as determined by breath testing correlate with iBS symptom improvement in clinical trials. The incidence of new onset iBS symptoms following acute infectious gastroenteritis also suggests an infectious cause. Alterations in microbiota-host interactions may compromise epithelial barrier integrity, immune function, and the development and function of both central and enteric nervous systems explaining alterations in the brain-gut axis. Clinical evidence from treatment trials with both probiotics and antibiotics also support this etiology. Probiotics appear to restore the imbalance in the microflora and improve iBS-specific quality of life. Antibiotic trials with both neomycin and rifaximin show improvement in global iBS symptoms that correlates with breath test normalization in diarrhea-predominant patients. The treatment response to two weeks of rifaximin is sustained for up to ten weeks and comparable results are seen in symptom reduction with retreatment in patients who develop recurrent symptoms.

关键词： irritable bowel syndrome pathopohysiology etiology Probiotics antibiotics infectious disease