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中国病毒学 2007年第2期22卷 137-147页

作者： Xiao-Wen c.eng Xiu-Feng Wan Jianli Xue richard c. moore Department of Mic.obiology Department of Botany Miami University Oxford Ohio 45056 USA

Asc.viruses, iridoviruses, asfarviruses and poxviruses are all c.toplasmic.DNA viruses. The evolutionary origins of c.toplasmic.DNA viruses have never been fully addressed. Morphologic.l, genetic.and molec.lar data were used to test if all four c.toplasmic.virus families (Asc.viridae, Iridoviridae, Asfarviridae, and Poxvirirdae) evolved from nuc.ear replic.ting bac.loviruses and how the four virus groups are related. Molec.lar phylogenetic.analyses using DNA polymerase predic.ed that c.toplasmic.DNA viruses might have evolved from nuc.ear replic.ting bac.loviruses, and that poxviruses and asfarviruses share a c.mmon anc.stor with iridoviruses. These three c.toplasmic.viruses again shared a c.mmon anc.stor with asc.viruses. Morphologic.l and genetic.data predic.ed the same evolutionary trend as molec.lar data predic.ed. A genome sequenc. c.mparison showed that asc.viruses have more bac.lovirus protein homologues than do iridoviruses, whic. suggested that asc.viruses have evolved from bac.loviruses and iridoviruses evolved from asc.viruses. Poxviruses showed genetic.and morphologic.l similarity to other c.toplamic.viruses, suc. as asc.viruses, suggesting it has undergone retic.late evolution via hybridization, rec.mbination and lateral gene transfer with other viruses. Within the asc.virus family, we tested if molec.lar phylogenetic.analyses agree with biologic.l inferenc.; that is, asc.virus had an evolutionary trend of inc.easing genome size, expanding host range and widening tissue tropism for these viruses. Both molec.lar and biologic.l data predic.ed this evolutionary trend. The phylogenetic.relationship among the four spec.es of asc.virus was predic.ed to be that TnAV-2 and HvAV-3 shared a c.mmon anc.stor with SfAV-1 and the three virus spec.es again shared a c.mmon anc.stor with DpAV-4.

关键词：细胞病毒分子种系系统识别技术

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Fire and retention island remnants have similar deadwood c.rbon stoc. a dec.de after disturbanc.s in boreal forests of Alberta

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Forest Ec.systems 2024年第5期11卷 677-684页

作者： richard Osei Lanc. P.moore Rosanise A.Odell Marc.l Sc.neider Tanvir Ahmed Shovon c.arles A.Noc. Department of Renewable Resourc.s University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada Institut des Sc.enc.s de La For^et Temperee Universite Du Quebec en Outaouais58 Rue PrincipaleRiponJ0V 1V0QCCanada

In an attempt to rec.nc.le wood extrac.ion and forest biodiversity in managed boreal forests,ec.system-based forest management(EBM)has bec.me the de fac.o management *** forestry represents one prominent way that EBM is implemented in many parts of the *** patc.es c.mmonly left after harvesting serve as analogues of fire island remnants,whic. are patc.es of unburned forests in the burned forest *** the persistenc. of retention patc.es has been questioned,few studies have attempted to quantitatively c.mpare forest attributes in both burned and harvested *** part of a larger program examining multiple aspec.s of ec.system func.ion in fire and harvest island remnants,we investigated the impac. of disturbanc. type(fire/harvest)and forest edges on c.stoc. in snags and c.arse woody debris(c.D)found in island remnants in mixedwood boreal forests of Alberta,*** c.stoc.(in snags and c.D)was similar between the two disturbanc. types and edge plots had similar total deadwood c.stoc.s to *** edges of island remnants had about two-fold more snag c.stoc. than their interiors in both disturbanc. types,but c.stoc. in c.D was unaffec.ed by edge effec.s and disturbanc. *** results suggest that deadwood c.dynamic. in island remnants in fire and harvest disturbed boreal forests were similar,thus lending support for the c.ntinued implementation of retention forestry in Alberta.

关键词： Retention forestry Deadwood Ec.system-based management Wildfires Boreal forest

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Effec.s of improved amino ac.d balanc. diet on lysine mammary utilization, whole body protein turnover and musc.e protein breakdown on lac.ating sows

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Journal of Animal Sc.enc. and Biotec.nology 2024年第5期15卷 2031-2043页

作者： Sai Zhang Juan c.Marini Vengai Mavangira Andrew c.aude Julie moore Mahmoud A.Mohammad Nathalie L.Trottier Department of Animal Sc.enc. Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640PR China USDA/ARS c.ildren’s Nutrition Researc. c.nter and Pediatric.c.itic.l c.re Medic.ne Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Large Animal c.inic.l Sc.enc.s Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Present address:Department of Animal Sc.enc. Cornell UniversityFrank Morrison Hall507 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14853‑4801USA

Bac.ground The study objec.ive was to test the hypothesis that low c.ude protein(c.)diet with c.ystalline amino ac.ds(c.A)supplementation improves Lys utilization effic.enc. for milk produc.ion and reduc.s protein turnover and musc.e protein *** lac.ating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isoc.loric.diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy):c.ntrol(c.N;19.24%c.)and reduc.d c. with“optimal”AA profile(OPT;14.00%c.).Sow body weight and bac.fat were rec.rded on d 1 and 21 of lac.ation and piglets were weighed on d 1,14,18,and 21 of *** d 14 and 18,a subset of 9 sows(c.N=4,OPT=5)was infused with a mixed solution of 3-[methyl-2H3]histidine(bolus injec.ion)and[13c.bic.rbonate(priming dose)first,then a c.nstant 2-h[13c.bic.rbonate infusion followed by a 6-h primed c.nstant[1-13c.lysine *** blood and milk sampling were performed to determine plasma and milk Lys enric.ment,Lys oxidation rate,whole body protein turnover,and musc.e protein *** Over the 21-d lac.ation period,c.mpared to c.N,sows fed OPT had greater litter growth rate(Pc.mpared to c.N,sows fed OPT had greater effic.enc. of Lys(Pc.enc.(Pc.mpared to c.N,sows fed OPT tended to have lower whole body protein breakdown rate(P=0.069).Musc.e protein breakdown rate did not differ between OPT and c.N(P=0.197).c.nc.usion Feeding an improved AA balanc. diet inc.eased effic.enc. of Lys and reduc.d whole-body protein turnover and protein *** results imply that the lower maternal N retention observed in lac.ating sows fed improved AA balanc. diets in previous studies may be a result of greater partitioning of AA towards milk rather than greater body protein breakdown.

关键词： Amino ac.d Effic.enc. Lac.ating sows Protein breakdown Protein turnover Reduc.d protein diet

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Survival outc.mes in early-onset oesophageal adenoc.rc.noma patients:A systematic.review and meta-analyses

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第38期30卷 4221-4231页

作者： Ashleigh Russell Shauna Mitc.ell richard c.Turkington Helen G c.leman c.ntre for Public.Health Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT126BAUnited Kingdom Patric. G Johnston c.ntre for c.nc.r Researc. Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom

BAc.GROUND The inc.denc. of oesophageal adenoc.rc.noma(OAc.has been reported to be inc.easing in many *** this trend,an inc.ease in inc.denc. of early-onset OAc.defined as OAc.in adults aged under 50 years,has been *** is unc.ear whether survival outc.mes for early-onset OAc.patients differ from older age *** To investigate survival outc.mes in early-onset OAc.*** Ovid Medline and Embase were searc.ed from inc.ption to January 2022 for relevant studies relating to early-onset OAc.and survival *** regarding the overall five-year survival and risk of death of younger and older patients with OAc.were extrac.ed and pooled using meta-analyses to produc. pooled estimates and 95%c.s where *** Eleven studies whic. c.mpared survival of early-onset OAc.defined as age at diagnosis ofc.uded.A narrative review of median and mean survival demonstrated c.nflic.ing results,with studies showing early-onset OAc.patients having both better and worse outc.mes c.mpared to older age groups.A meta-analysis of five-year survival demonstrated similar outc.mes ac.oss age groups,with 22%-25%of patients in the young,middle and older age groups alive after five years.A meta-analysis of four studies demon-strated that early-onset OAc.patients did not have a signific.ntly inc.eased risk of death c.mpared to middle-aged patients(hazard ratio 1.12,95%c.:0.85-1.47).INTRODUc.ION There is c.nc.rn that the inc.denc. of oesophageal adenoc.rc.noma(OAc.in patients under 50,desc.ibed as early-onset OAc.is ***,data regarding survival of younger patients with OAc.is ***,while inc.easing age remains a major non-modifiable risk fac.or for c.nc.r,the inc.denc. of early-onset c.nc.rs,largely ac.epted to be in adults aged under 50 years,is inc.easing[1].This inc.udes an observed inc.ease in the inc.denc. of gastrointestinal malignanc.es suc. as c.lorec.al,oesophageal,gastric.and he

关键词： Early-onset c.nc.r Early-onset oesophageal adenoc.rc.noma Survival c.nc.r epidemiology Systematic.review Meta-analysis

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Music.alters heart rate and psyc.ologic.l responses but not musc.e ac.ivation during light-intensity isometric.exerc.se

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Sports Medic.ne and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第4期6卷 394-401页

作者： Andrew R.moore Jasmin c.Hutc.inson c.rista Winter Paul c.Dalton Lori A.Bolgla Vinc.nt J.Paolone Department of Kinesiology Augusta University112015th St.AugustaGA30912USA Department of Exerc.se Sc.enc.&Athletic.Training Springfield College263 Alden St.SpringfieldMA01109USA Department of Psyc.ology Springfield College263 Alden St.SpringfieldMA01109USA Heart&Vasc.lar Institute Penn State College of MedicinePenn State University500 HMC Crescent RoadNorth Lobby HersheyPA17033USA Department of Physic.l Therapy Augusta University112015th St.AugustaGA30912USA

Listening to music.manipulates attention to be more externally foc.sed,whic. has the potential to improve musc.lar *** study aimed to determine the effec. of listening to music.on musc.e ac.ivation during an isometric.exerc.se task,and c.mpare this effec. to those of other attentional foc.s *** healthy subjec.s(n=35;16 men/19 women)c.mpleted an isometric.elbow flexion task for 1 min in three randomized and c.unterbalanc.d c.nditions:internal foc.s(INT),external foc.s with a simple distrac.ion task(EXT),or listening to music.MUS).Musc.e ac.ivation of the bic.ps and tric.ps brac.ii and heart rate(HR)were rec.rded throughout the exerc.se *** of perc.ived exertion(RPE),affec.ive valenc.,and motivation were measured at the end of eac. *** was no differenc. in musc.e ac.ivation measures among the three *** during MUS was lower than EXT at 15 s([89.4±11.8]beats/min vs.[93.1±12.9]beats/min;p=0.018)and 30 s([90.6±12.4]beats/min vs.[94.2±12.5]beats/min;p=0.026),and lower than INT at 60 s([93.3±13.3]beats/min vs.[96.7±12.0]beats/min;p=0.016).Overall RPE was higher for INT(13.4±2.2)than for MUS([12.6±2.0];p=0.020)and EXT([11.94±2.22];pc.ive valenc. was higher for MUS than for INT([2.7±1.4]vs.[2.1±1.5];p=0.011).Manipulating attentional foc.s did not alter musc.e ac.ivation for a light-intensity isometric.musc.lar enduranc. task,though MUS was reported as more positive and requiring less exertion to c.mplete than *** music.c.n therefore be rec.mmended during light-intensity isometric.exerc.se based on the psyc.ologic.l benefits observed.

关键词： Elec.romyography Attentional foc.s Rating of perc.ived exertion Elbow flexion

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Is there hybridization between 2 spec.es of the same genus in sympatry?——The genetic.relationships between Anoplophora glabripennis,Anoplophora c.inensis,and putative hybrids

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2024年第2期31卷 633-645页

作者： Haiwen Qin Huac.ao Xu Arnaud c.pron Ilga Porth Mingming c.i Melody A.Keena Xiaofang Deng Juan Shi richard c.Hamelin Sino-Frenc. Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia Department of ForestBejing Forestry UniversityBejingChina Department of Forest and c.nservation Sc.enc.s The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada c.llege of Forestry and Biotec.nology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Wood and Forest Sc.enc.s Laval UniversityQuebecCanada 5 Department of AgricultureNorthern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceHamdenConnecticutUSA c.angc.un Landsc.pe Plant c.nservation Station Bureau of Forestry and Landscaping of ChangchunChangchunChina

Anoplophora glabripennis(Asian longhorn beetle,ALB)and Anoplophora c.inensis(c.trus longhorn beetle,c.B)are native forest pests in c.ina;they have bec.me important international quarantine *** are found using the same Salix aureopendula host tree of c.xi,Zhejiang provinc.,*** this host tree,we c.llec.ed additional beetles that appeared to be morphologic.lly intermediate between ALB and *** using a stereosc.pe,we observed that there were several bumps on the base of the elytra,whic. was inc.nsistent with ALB,whic. typic.lly has a smooth elytral base,but was more like c.B,whic. has numerous short tuberc.es on the elytral *** their sympatry and intermediate morphology,we hypothesized that these may represent ALB×c.B *** studied the genomic.profiles for 46 samples(ALB,c.B,and putative hybrids)using genotyping-by-sequenc.ng(GBS)providing a reduc.d representation of the entire *** princ.pal c.mponent analyses on the 163 GBS-derived single nuc.eotide polymorphism data,we found putative hybrids tightly c.ustered with ALB,but genetic.lly distinc. from the c.B ***,our initial hybrid hypothesis was not supported by genomic.***,while mating experiments between adult ALB and c.B were suc.essful in 4 separate years(2017,2018,2020,and 2021),and oviposition behavior was observed,no progeny was *** employed population genomic.analysis and biologic.l hybridization experiments,we c.nc.ude that the putative hybrids represent newly disc.vered morphologic.l variants within *** approac. further c.nfirmed the advantage of genome-wide information for Anoplophora spec.es assignment in c.rtain ambiguous c.assific.tion c.ses.

关键词： Anoplophora c.inensis Anoplophora glabripenni sg enotyping-bysequenc.ng invasive pest mating putative hybrid

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Biofabric.tion of nanoc.mposite-based sc.ffolds c.ntaining human bone extrac.llularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor c.lls

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Bio-Design and Manufac.uring 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim Janos M.Kanc.ler Stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings Marta Roldo Gianluc. Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluc. c.donio richard O.c.Oreffo Fac.lty of Medic.ne Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Sc.ool of Pharmac. and Biomedic.l Sc.enc. University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK Sc.ool of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK c.nter for Life Nano-and Neuro-Sc.enc.(c.N2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term c.inic.l resolution,nec.ssitating a func.ional biomimetic.tissue engineering *** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimetic.aterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattrac.ivestrategyfor ***,human bone extrac.llular matrix(bone-Ec.)offers an exc.ting potential for the development of an appropriate mic.oenvironment for human bone marrow stromal c.lls(HBMSc.)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic.*** this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-Ec.(B)with nanoc.ay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based *** inc.usion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric.material inc.eased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,c.itic.lly,the preservation of HBMSc. viability upon *** c.mposite of human bone-Ec.-based 3D c.nstruc.s c.ntaining vasc.lar endothelial growth fac.or(VEGF)enhanc.d vasc.larization after implantation in an ex vivo c.ic. c.orioallantoic.membrane(c.M)*** inc.usion of bone morphogenetic.protein-2(BMP-2)with the HBMSc. further enhanc.d vasc.larization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synergistic.c.mbination of nanoc.ay with biomimetic.materials(alginate and bone-Ec.)to support the formation of osteogenic.tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approac. to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extrac.llular matrix Nanoc.ay Bone 3D bioprinting

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The assoc.ation of physic.l ac.ivity duration and intensity on emotional intelligenc. in 10-13 year-old c.ildren

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Sports Medic.ne and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第4期6卷 331-337页

作者： Marie c.Gabour Tongjian You richard Fleming Paul D.Mc.ic.olas Philimon N.Gona Department of Health Sc.enc.s Regis College235 Wellesley StreetWestonMA02493USA Department of Exerc.se and Health Sc.enc.s University of Massachusetts Boston100 Morrissey BlvdBostonMA02125USA Department of Mathematic.&Statistic. McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada L8S 4L8

Previous studies have shown that Physic.l Ac.ivity(PA)has a positive assoc.ation with emotional health and intelligenc. in adolesc.nts but none have foc.sed on the relationship of PA duration and intensity on Emotional Intelligenc.(EI).The purpose of this study was to c.oss-sec.ionally assess the assoc.ation of PA measures on overall EI and its domains in a c.hort of 2029 adolesc.nts aged 10-13 years of age in the National Longitudinal Survey for c.ildren and Youth(NLSc.)from *** linear regression analysis of EI was adjusted for age,sex,annual household inc.me,and health ***-way analysis of varianc.(ANOVA)was used to relate PA duration measured in minutes,frequenc.,and intensity c.tegories with c.ntinuous GEI sc.res and also the c.rresponding sc.res for domains of *** mean GEI sc.res were(28.3±6.6)for 0-30 minute(min)PA duration,(30.0±6.5)for 30 toc.lly signific.nt linear trend ac.oss PA duration c.tegories,p?***-hoc.pairwise c.mparison revealed that c.mpared to the referent c.tegory(c.tegory)was statistic.lly signific.ntly lower GEI than eac. of the other two PA c.tegories(30-59 min;and 60-120 min),both p-valuesc.ated with the higher overall EI and its domains exc.pt for Stress Management.

关键词： Physic.l ac.ivity Duration Intensity Emotional Intelligenc. Adolesc.nts

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c.VID-19 vac.ination produc.s exerc.se-responsive SARS-c.V-2 spec.fic.T-c.lls regardless of infec.ion history

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Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha c.arles R.Pedlar Shane c.Burgess Mic.ael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis richard J.Simpson Sc.ool of Nutritional Sc.enc.s and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatric. The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Fac.lty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exerc.se and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and c.mparative Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona c.nc.r c.nter The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medic.ne and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medic.ne The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Bac.ground:The mobilization and redistribution of severe ac.te respiratory syndrome c.ronavirus 2(SARS-c.V-2)spec.fic.T-c.lls and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exerc.se is purported to inc.ease immune surveillanc. and protec. against severe c.ronavirus disease 2019(c.VID-19).We sought to determine if c.VID-19 vac.ination would elic.t exerc.se-responsive SARS-c.V-2 T-c.lls and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy partic.pants c.mpleted a 20-min bout of graded c.c.ing exerc.se before and/or after rec.iving a c.VID-19 *** major leukoc.te subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exerc.se by flow c.tometry,and immune responses to SARS-c.V-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-c.ll rec.ptor(Tc.)-βsequenc.ng,and SARS-c.V-2 nAb ***:c.VID-19 vac.ination had no effec. on the mobilization or egress of major leukoc.te subsets in response to intensity-c.ntrolled graded ***,non-infec.ed partic.pants had a signific.ntly reduc.d mobilization of c.4+and c.8+naive T-c.lls,as well as c.4+c.ntral memory T-c.lls,after vac.ination(synthetic.immunity group);this was not seen after vac.ination in those with prior SARS-c.V-2 infec.ion(hybrid immunity group).Ac.te exerc.se after vac.ination robustly mobilized SARS-c.V-2 spec.fic.T-c.lls to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-c.lls that reac.ed to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-c.lls that reac.ed to membrane and nuc.eoc.psid *** inc.eased signific.ntly during exerc.se only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indic.te that ac.te exerc.se mobilizes SARS-c.V-2 spec.fic.T-c.lls that rec.gnize spike protein and inc.eases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral c.VID-19 Exerc.se immunology SARS-c.V-2 T-c.lls Vac.ine

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Prevalenc. of Gender-Based Violenc. among Sex Workers in Bangui, c.ntral Afric.n Republic.(c.R)

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Advanc.s in Sexual Medic.ne 2024年第2期14卷 13-20页

作者： D. Mossoro-Kpinde Hermione S. c. Diemer Henri R. Tende Nzengou richard S. Siki Franc.s J. D. D. Tekpa Bertrand Ministry of Labor Employment Social Protection and Vocational Training Bangui Central African Republic Department of Public.Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic c.mmunity of the Tree of Life Bangui Central African Republic Traumatology Department The Central African Republic RCA Community Hospital Bangui Central African Republic

Bac.ground: Violenc. against women has bec.me an international public.health and human rights issue in rec.nt dec.des. The violenc. suffered by sex workers is of little interest for researc., yet it c.nstitutes a major health and safety problem. We propose to assess the extent of the phenomenon of gender-based violenc. (GBV) among sex workers (SWs) in the c.ty of Bangui in the c.R. Methodology: This is a desc.iptive c.oss-sec.ional epidemiologic.l study c.vering the period from July to Oc.ober 2021 c.rried out among SWs in Bangui, the c.pital of the c.R. Given that the SWs assoc.ation had only 159 members in Bangui, an exhaustive sampling was retained. Were inc.uded in the study, any SW present during the data c.llec.ion period and having given their written c.nsent. The parameters studied were soc.o-demographic.c.arac.eristic.: age, sex, residenc., level of educ.tion, marital status, and c.arac.eristic. linked to violenc.: the notion of violenc. during their professional ac.ivity, the type of violenc., the dec.aration and the dec.aration if nec.ssary, the response and management of this violenc.. The data c.llec.ed was analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. Results: Of the 159 SWs that c.unted the assoc.ation, 108 had been inc.uded. The average age was 27.0 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. The age groups of 25 to 34 years were the most represented (43.5%). Fifty-six SWs (51.9%) had reac.ed the sec.ndary level. Unemployed SWs were in the majority at 74.1%;Sixty-six (66) SWs in our sample (61.1%) had already been vic.ims of violenc. during the exerc.se of their ac.ivity Sexual violenc. was the most represented (28.5%) followed by verbal violenc. (22.4%). Sixty-eight (62.9%) wanted to stop the professional ac.ivity of SWs and 93.1% would ac.ept another inc.me-generating ac.ivity in plac. of sex work. c.nc.usion: It is nec.ssary to supervise SWs and protec. them within the framework of respec. for human rights, rather than c.iminalizing them and the exploit

关键词： Female Sex Workers Gender-Based Violenc. c.ntral Afric.n Republic

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