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La.ge sca.e ma.ufa.ture of ma.netic polymer pa.ticles using membra.es a.d microfluidic devices

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China.Pa.ticuology 2007年第1期5卷 26-42页

作者： richard a. Willia.s Institute of Pa.ticle Science a.d Engineering School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds Clarendon Road Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

Ma.netic polymer pa.ticles ha.e found a.plica.ions in diverse a.ea. such a. biomedica. trea.ments, dia.nosis a.d sepa.a.ion technology. These a.plica.ions require the pa.ticles to ha.e controlled sizes a.d na.row size distributions to ga.n better control a.d reproducibility in use. This pa.er reviews recent developments in the prepa.a.ion of ma.netic polymer pa.ticles a. na.o- a.d micro-sca.es by enca.sula.ing ma.netic components with dissolved or in situ formed polymers. Pa.ticle ma.ufa.ture using emulsifica.ion a.d embedment methods produces ma.netic polymer pa.ticles a. micro-sca.e dimensions. However, the production of pa.ticles in this ra.ge using conventiona. emulsifica.ion methods a.fords very limited control over pa.ticle sizes a.d polydispersity. We report on a.terna.ive routes using membra.e a.d microfluidics emulsifica.ion techniques, which ha.e a.ca.a.ility to produce monodisperse emulsions a.d polymer microspheres （with coefficients of va.ia.ion of less tha. 10%） in the ra.ge from submicrometer to a.few 100 μm. The performa.ce of these ma.ufa.turing methods is a.sessed with a.view to future a.plica.ions.

关键词： Ma.netic polymer pa.ticles Membra.e emulsifica.ion Microfluidics emulsifica.ion La.ge sca.e ma.ufa.ture

La.tice a.proa.hes to pa.ked column simula.ions

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Pa.ticuology 2008年第6期6卷 404-411页

作者： richard Ca.lkin Mike Fa.rwea.her richard a. Willia.s Institute of Pa.ticle Science a.d Engineering School of ProcessEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Leeds

This work presents a.review of the findings into the a.ility of a.digita.ly ba.ed pa.ticle pa.king a.gorithm, ca.led DigiPa., to predict bed structure in a.va.iety of pa.ked columns, for a.ra.ge of generic pellet sha.es frequently used in the chemica. a.d process engineering industries. Resulting ma.roscopic properties a.e compa.ed with experimenta. da.a.derived from both inva.ive a.d non-destructive mea.urement techniques. a.ditiona.ly, fluid velocity distributions, through sa.ples of the resulting bed structures, a.e a.a.ysed using la.tice Boltzma.n method （LBM） simula.ions a.d a.e compa.ed a.a.nst experimenta. da.a.from the litera.ure.

关键词： Pa.king a.gorithm Bed structure Pa.ked columns Ma.roscopic properties La.tice Boltzma.n simula.ions

Ca.niba.ism in the pea.a.hid, a.yrthosiphon pisum

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 750-758页

作者： Lucy C. Cooper Ca.ille Desjonqueres Simon R. leather Imperia. College London Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY Depa.tment of Crop a.d Environment Sciences Harper Adams University Edgmond Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB United Kingdom

Previous observa.ions of ca.niba.ism ha.e been ma.e in the a.hid a.yrthosiphon pisum （L.）： this a.ticle seeks to qua.tify fa.tors contributing to such be- ha.iors. We observed a.d qua.tified the responses of a.number of clones a.d life sta.es to va.ying levels of sta.va.ion, in the form of increa.ingly desicca.ed Vica.a.a.L. pla.ts （receiving 50, 25, or 10 mL every second da.） or a.complete a.sence of host pla.t. We found tha., while the longest incidences of ca.niba.ism a.e ca.ried out by juveniles （F = 3.45, P = 0.019, df = 3） a.d ta.geted a. a.ults, the sta.va.ion trea.ments ha. the most significa.t effect on the preva.ence of ca.niba.ism in ma.ure a. pisum （F ---- 2.24, P = 0.025, df = 9）. Furthermore, there wa. no difference between the preva.ence or dura. tion of ca.niba.istic a.tivities within a.d between different clones （P 〉 0.05 in a.l ca.es）, though juveniles were more likely to ta.get unrela.ed a.hids （V = 6 112, P = 0.011）, a.d spent more time feeding on a.hids from the sa.e culture （V = 6 062, P = 0.018）.

关键词： a.yrthosiphon pisum a.hidida. beha.ior ca.niba.ism kin selection modula.ity

Performa.ce of slotted pores in pa.ticle ma.ufa.ture using rota.ing membra.e emulsifica.ion

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Pa.ticuology 2009年第2期7卷 114-120页

作者： Nita.a.ya.ti richard a. Willia.s Institute of Pa.ticle Science a.d Engineering School of ProcessEnvironmental & Materials EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTUK

This pa.er a.dresses the use of different slotted pores in rota.ing membra.e emulsifica.ion technology. Pores of squa.e a.d recta.gula. sha.es were studied to understa.d the effect of a.pect ra.io （1-3.5） a.d their orienta.ion on oil droplet forma.ion. Increa.ing the membra.e rota.ion speed decrea.ed the droplet size, a.d the oil droplets produced were more uniform using slotted pores a. compa.ed to circula. geometry. a. a.given rota.ion speed, the droplet size wa. ma.nly determined by the pore size a.d the fluid velocity of oil through the pore （pore fluid velocity）. The ra.io of droplet dia.eter to the equiva.ent dia.eter of the slotted pore increa.ed with the pore fluid velocity. a. a.given pore fluid velocity a.d rota.ion speed, pore orienta.ion significa.tly influences the droplet forma.ion ra.e： horizonta.ly disposed pores （with their longer side perpendicula. to the membra.e a.is） genera.e droplets a. double the ra.e of vertica.ly disposed pores. This work indica.es pra.tica. benefits in the use of slotted membra.es over conventiona. methods.

关键词： Membra.e emulsifica.ion Slotted pore Tubula. membra.e Rota.ing emulsifica.ion Size control High throughput

Effect of pla.t nutrition on a.hid size, prey consumption, a.d life history cha.a.teristics of green la.ewing

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 74-82页

作者： Muha.ma. a. a.ueel Ca.herine M. Collins a.u-ba.a. M. Ra.a.Sha.ba. a.ma. Muha.ma. Ta.iq Simon R. leather Division of Ecology & Evolution Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Ascot SL5 7PY United Kingdom Depa.tment of Entomology University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Institute of a.ricultura. Sciences University of the Punjab Punjab Depa.tment of Entomology PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Pakistan

Pla.t qua.ity ca. directly a.d indirectly a.fect the third trophic level. The preda.ion by a.l the insta.s of green la.ewing, Chrysoperla.ca.nea.（S.）（Neuroptera. Chrysopida.） on the cerea. a.hids, Rhopa.osiphum pa.i （L.）, a.d Sitobion a.ena. （F.） a. va.ying nitrogen fertilizer levels wa. ca.cula.ed under la.ora.ory conditions. Whea. pla.ts were grown on four nitrogen fertilizer levels a.d a.hids were fed on these pla.ts a.d subsequently offered a. food to the C. ca.nea. a.hid densities of 10, 30, a.d 90 were offered to first, second, a.d third insta. la.va. of green la.ewing. Increa.ed nitrogen a.plica.ion improved nitrogen contents of the pla.ts a.d a.so the body weight of cerea. a.hids feeding on them. a.hid consumption by green la.ewings wa. reduced with the increa.e in nitrogen content in the host pla.ts of a.hids. Preda.ion of both a.hid species by first, second, a.d third insta.s la.va. of C. ca.nea.wa. highest on a.hids rea.ed on pla.ts with the lowest ra.e of fertiliza.ion, suggesting a.compensa.ory consumption to overcome reduced bioma.s （lower a.hid size）. Tota. bioma.s devoured by C. ca.nea.on a.l nitrogen fertilizer trea.ments wa. not sta.istica.ly different. a.ditiona.ly, the hea.ier host prey influenced by the pla.t nutrition ha. a. effect on the life history cha.a.teristics of green la.ewings. The la.va. dura.ion, pupa. weight, pupa. dura.ion, fecundity, a.d ma.e a.d fema.e longevity were significa.tly a.fected by the level of nitrogen fertiliza.ion to the a.hid＇s host pla.ts, except for pupa. dura.ion when fed on S. a.ena.. This study showed tha. qua.tity of prey supplied to the la.va. a.fects the prey consumption a.d therea.ter the life history cha.a.teristics of green la.ewings.

关键词： Chrysoperla.ca.nea host pla.t nutrition tritrophic intera.tions

Combining X-ra. microtomogra.hy with computer simula.ion for a.a.ysis of gra.ula. a.d porous ma.eria.s

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Pa.ticuology 2010年第2期8卷 81-99页

作者： Roberto Moreno-a.a.a.io richard a. Willia.s Institute of Pa.ticle Science a.d Engineering School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

The use of X-ra. microtomogra.hic （XMT） methods in a.a.ysing pa.ticula.e systems ha. expa.ded ra.idly in recent yea.s with the a.a.la.ility of a.forda.le desk-top a.pa.a.us. This review presents a.summa.y of the ma.or a.plica.ions in which computer simula.ions a.e explicitly coupled with XMT in the a.ea.of gra.ula. a.d porous ma.eria.s. We envisa.e two ma.n wa.s of esta.lishing the coupling between both techniques, ba.ed on the tra.sference or excha.ge of informa.ion by using physica. or geometrica. pa.a.eters （i.e. a.pa.a.etric link through fitting to a.process model） or through the direct use of3D XMT digita. ima.es （i.e. compa.ing ima.e pixels a.d fea.ures directly）. Exa.ples of coupled a.plica.ions a.e shown for the study of tra.sport properties of rocks, pa.ticle pa.king, mecha.ica. loa.ing a.d sintering. Often, the link between XMT a.d computer simula.ions is ba.ed on visua. compa.isons a.d we conclude tha. the use of qua.tita.ive pa.a.eters such a. the number of interpa.ticle conta.ts, force networks or gra.ule sha.e to link both techniques is still underrepresented in the litera.ure. Stra.egies to provide a.more robust a.d qua.tita.ive a.proa.h to optimise the informa.ion obta.ned from such tomogra.hy a.a.yses a.e proposed. 2010 Chinese Society of Pa.ticuology a.d Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese a.a.emy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. a.l rights reserved.

关键词： X-ra. microtomogra.hyGra.ula. flowComputer modellingLa.tice Boltzma.n methodDiscrete element method

Tritrophic intera.tions between pa.a.itoids a.d cerea. a.hids a.e media.ed by nitrogen fertilizer

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 813-820页

作者： Muha.ma. a. a.ueel a.u-ba.a. M. Ra.a.Ra.ha. M. Ba.a. Muha.ma. a. Sha.id Irfa. Musta.a.Muha.ma. M. Ja.a.d simon R. leather Division of Biology Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Ascot SL5 7PY UK University College of a.riculture Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences University of Sargodha Pakistan Depa.tment of Crop a.d Environment Sciences Harper Adams UniversityShropshire TFIO 8NB UK

Host pla.t nutritiona. qua.ity ca. directly a.d indirectly a.fect the third trophic levels. The a.hid-pa.a.itoid rela.ionship provides a. idea. system to investiga.e tritrophic intera.tions （a. the pa.a.itoids a.e completely dependent for their development upon their hosts） a.d a.sess the bottom up forces opera.ing a. different concentra.ions of nitrogen a.plica.ions. The effects of va.ying nitrogen fertilizer on the performa.ce of a.hidius colema.i （V.） rea.ed on Sitobion a.ena. （E） a.d a.hidius rhopa.osiphi （D.） rea.ed on Rhopa.osiphum pa.i （L.） were mea.ured. Pa.a.itism a.d percent emergence ofpa.a.itoids were positively a.fected by nitrogen fertilizer trea.ments while developmenta. dura.ion （egg, la.va., a.d pupa. sta.es） wa. not a.fected by increa.ing nitrogen inputs. In ma.es a.d fema.es of both pa.a.itoid species, a.ult longevity increa.ed with the increa.ing nitrogen fertilizer. Hind tibia.length a.d mummy weight of both pa.a.itoid species increa.ed with nitrogen fertilizer concentra.ions, a. a.result of la.ger a.hids. This study showed tha. nitrogen a.plica.ion to the soil ca. ha.e importa.t consequences for a.oveground multitrophic intera.tions.

关键词： cerea. a.hid pa.a.itoids nitrogen fertiliza.ion tritrophic intera.tions

Effect of growing media.a.d their constituents on fungus gna., Bra.ysia.sp, nr, coprophila.（Lintner） a.ults

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 467-475页

作者： Ra.MOND a. CLOYD a.Y DICKINSON richard a. La.SON Ka.EN a. Ma.LEY Depa.tment of Entomology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas Division of Biodiversity a.d Ecologica. Entomology Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign Illinois University of Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Urbana Illinois USA

This study wa. conducted to determine the a.tra.tiveness of two growing media. commonly utilized in greenhouses, to fungus gna., Bra.ysia.sp. nr. coprophila.a.ults. The constituents of the most a.tra.tive growing medium tested were determined by ga. chroma.ogra.hy a.a.ysis using a.stea.-distilla.ion procedure. We found tha. fungus gna. a.ults were more a.tra.ted to the growing medium, SB300 Universa. Professiona. Growing Mix, which conta.ns composted ba.k, tha. to a.other growing medium （Sunshine LC1 Mix） a.d their components when tested in a.series of la.ora.ory experiments using multiple-choice experimenta. a.ena.. a.higher percenta.e of fungus gna. a.ults were a.tra.ted to moist SB300 （92%） tha. SB300 growing medium tha. ha. been oven dried （8%）. In a.dition, fungus gna. a.ults preferred SB300 a.though they ha. been rea.ed on Sunshine LC1 Mix. When compa.ing the SB300 fresh from the ba. to growing medium tha. ha. been pa.teurized a.d moistened with wa.er, ga. chroma.ogra.hic-ma.s spectroscopic da.a.showed there were declines in severa. terpenoid constituents a. well a. a. increa.e in fa.ty a.ids a.d cyclosulfur. The results of this study indica.e tha. B. sp. nr. coprophila.a.ults prefer certa.n growing media. which ma. a.sist greenhouse producers in ma.a.ing fungus gna.s in crop production systems.

关键词： a.tra.tion fungus gna.s growing medium pest ma.a.ement preference,stea. distilla.ion

Use of multisca.e pa.ticle simula.ions in the design of nuclea. pla.t decommissioning

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Pa.ticuology 2011年第4期9卷 358-364页

作者： richard a. Willia.s Xia.dong Jia.Peter Ikin Da.id Knight Institute of Pa.ticle Science a.d Engineering School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds LS2 9iT UK Structure Vision Ltd. Leeds Innovation Centre 103 Clarendon Road Leeds LS2 9DF UK

The a.plica.ion of a.digita. modelling method tha. ca. fa.thfully ta.e a.count of three-dimensiona. sha.e a.d inherent physica. a.d chemica. properties of ea.h pa.ticula.e component provides a. essentia. tool in decommissioning design. This is useful in ha.dling of high, medium a.d low level ra.ioa.tive wa.te. The processes involve ma.ing decisions on where to cut existing pla.t components a.d then how to pa.k these components into boxes, which a.e then cemented a.d kept for long term stora.e a. the level of ra.ioa.tive declines with time. We illustra.e the utility of the method a.d its a.ility to ta.e da.a.a. pla.t sca.e （m-sca.e） a.d then deduce beha.iours a. sub millimetre sca.e in the pa.ked conta.ners. a.va.iety of modelling a.proa.hes a.e used a. a.pa.t of this a.proa.h including cutting a.gorithms, geometric a.d dyna.ic （distinct element） force models, a.d la.tice Boltzma.n methods. These methods a.e a.plica.le to other complex pa.ticula.e systems including simula.ion of wa.te, building recycling, hea. lea.hing a.d rela.ed minera.s processes. The pa.er introduces the ba.ic concepts of this multi-sca.e a.d multi-model a.proa.h.

关键词： Cementa.ion Digita. pa.king Digipa. Discrete element modelling Nuclea. wa.te NuPla.t Pa.ticle sha.e