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Heart and ventilatory m.asures in crayfish during copulation

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Open Journal of m.lecular and Integrative Physiology 2011年第3期1卷 36-42页

作者： richard m. cooper Heidi Schapker Finucane m.gan Adam. Robin L. cooper 不详

m.nitoring heart rate (HR) and ventilatory rate (VR) during defined sensory stim.li and during aggressive and subm.ssive social interactions has provided additional inform.tion of a crayfish's physiological state which is not achieved by behavioral observations. In this study, the HR and VR of crayfish were m.nitored before, during and after the act of copulation in both heterosexual partners. The fem.le crayfish abruptly reduces HR and VR during copulation but the m.le m.intains HR and VR. After separation from.copulation the fem.le HR and VR are elevated, potentially paying back the O2 debt. The tight relationship with HR and VR in direction of change indicates a potential neural coupling. These physiological changes in cardiac and respiratory system. suggest an autonom.c-like regulation of HR and VR. How these neuronal functions are driven and regulated rem.ins to be determ.ned. Olfactory cues from.the fem.le to the m.le during copulation m.y be reduced by the reduction in VR in the fem.le. These studies offer experim.ntal paradigm. for future neuronal and pharm.cological investigations into autonom.c regulation of HR and VR as well as the neural circuitry involved.

关键词： Crayfish Copulation Heart Rate Autonom.c

The acute and chronic effect of low tem.erature on survival, heart rate and neural function in crayfish (<i>Procam.arus clarkii</i>) and prawn (<i>m.crobrachium.rosenbergii</i>) species

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Open Journal of m.lecular and Integrative Physiology 2012年第3期2卷 75-86页

作者： Yoo Sun Chung richard m. cooper Justin Graff Robin L. cooper Departm.nt of Biology University of Kentucky Lexington USA

The effect of acute and chronic cold exposure on heart rate (HR) and neuronal function in crayfish Procam.arus clarkii and prawns m.crobrachium.rosenbergii was addressed. This is particularly im.ortant since prawn farm. of this species are used for aquaculture in varied clim.tes world wide. The success of P. clarkii as an invasive species throughout the world m.y in part be due to their ability to acclim.te to cold and warm.habitats. A set of experim.nts was devised to address the physiological abilities of these species in m.naging rapid changes to cold environm.nts as well as their ability to respond to sensory stim.li by using behavior and a bioindex of HR. Prawns died within 2 hrs when m.ved from.21℃ to 5℃. Crayfish reduced their HR but survived for at least a week with this rapid change. Changes in tem.erature of 5℃ each week resulted in death of the prawns when 10℃ was reached. Som. died at 16℃ and som. lasted at 10℃ for 1 day before dying. Crayfish rem.ined responsive to sensory stim.li and survived with either rapid or slow changes in tem.erature from.21℃ to 5℃. Prim.ry sensory neurons were rapidly inhibited in prawns with an acute change to 5℃, where as in crayfish the activity was reduced but not com.letely inhibited. An induced sensory-CNS-m.tor circuit elicited activity at neurom.scular junctions in prawns and crayfish at 21℃ but with acute changes to 5℃only in crayfish was the circuit functionally intact. The ability to survive rapid environm.ntal tem.erature changes will im.act survival and in tim. the distribution of a species. The significance of these findings is that they m.y account, in part, for the wide ecological distribution of P. clarkii as com.ared to m. rosenbergii. The invasiveness of organism., as for P. clarkii, is likely linked to the physiological robustness to acute and chronic tem.erature changes of habitats.

关键词： Acclim.te Adaptation Crustacean Heart Rate

Autolysosom.l acidification im.airm.nt as a m.diator for TNFR1 induced neuronal necroptosis in Alzheim.r’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1869-1870页

作者： Evridiki Asim.kidou richard Reynolds Anna m.Barron Chih Hung Lo Departm.nt of Clinical Neurosciences University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Departm.nt of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK Lee Kong Chian School of m.dicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Neuronal necroptosis-an em.rging form.of regulated cell death associated with neuroinflam.atory signaling:Alzheim.r’s disease(AD)is characterized by the presence of extracellular am.loid-β(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as well as progressive neuronal *** evidence has suggested that prolonged neuroinflam.ation with increased levels of cytokines,arising from.neuronal injury,innate im.une responses from.glial cells,and peripheral inflam.ation,leads to neuronal death and AD progression.

关键词： Alzheim.r death tau Aβ

Sarcopenic obesity in patients awaiting liver transplant: Unique challenges for nutritional recom.endations

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 40-47页

作者： Darya m.Herscovici Katherine m.cooper Alessandro Colletta m.chelle Rightm.er Alexandra Shingina Lauren D Feld Departm.nt of m.dicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Division of Transplant Nutrition UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Departm.nt of m.dicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37215United States Division of Gastroenterology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States

Sarcopenic obesity increases the risk of m.rtality in patients with liver disease awaiting liver transplantation and in the post-transplant *** recom.endations for individuals with sarcopenia differ from.recom.endations for patients with obesity or sarcopenic *** these nutrition guidelines have been established in non-cirrhotic patients,established guidelines for liver transplant candidates with sarcopenic obesity are *** this paper,we review existing literature on sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic liver disease and address opportunities to im.rove nutritional counseling in patients awaiting liver transplantation.

关键词： Nutrition Sarcopenia Sarcopenic obesity Liver transplant Cirrhosis Chronic liver disease Body com.osition m.ostatin

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： m.hai A.Bentan Evan R.Reiter richard m.Costanzo Daniel H.Coelho Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA

Objective:The aim.of this study was to review findings from.a large prospective national database of chem.sensory disturbances associated with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** Sources:The Virginia Com.onwealth University Sm.ll and Taste Center national database of COVID-19 chem.sensory ***:A series of online surveys,first opened on April 10,2020,was m.de accessible nationwide to any adult with sudden chem.sensory dysfunction since January *** received subsequent follow-up surveys 14 days,1 m.nth,3 m.nths,and 6 m.nths after *** additional survey was sent to all participants on m.y 28,2022 to assess long-term.*** pertaining to dem.graphics,sym.tom.,com.rbidities,treatm.nts,and life im.act was ***:Of 363 participants who reported com.lete sm.ll recovery,51.2%recovered within 1 m.nth,70%within 3 m.nths,and 79%within 6 m.nths,while 8.8%took over 1 year to com.letely *** all participants,7.5%had no sm.ll *** predictors of recovery included agem.le gender,and the presence of nasal *** predictors included difficulty breathing and prior head *** participants reported a decrease in quality of life and the presence of potential safety hazards associated with decreased sm.ll ***:m.st subjects with COVID-19-related chem.sensory dysfunction recover,with the m.jority noting com.lete recovery within weeks of *** aged over 40 years and fem.le gender were associated with lower rates of recovery.A considerable num.er of participants reported significant im.act on quality of life and safety.

关键词： anosm.a COVID-19 sm.ll

Custom.zed scaffolds for large bone defects using 3D‑printed m.dular blocks from.2D‑m.dical im.ges

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Bio-Design and m.nufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 74-87页

作者： Anil AAcar Evangelos Daskalakis Paulo Bartolo Andrew Weightm.n Glen cooper Gordon Blunn Bahattin Koc Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Türkiye D Bioprinting Laboratory Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application CenterIstanbul 34956Türkiye School of m.chanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore School of Pharm.cy and Biom.dical Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12UPUK

Additive m.nufacturing(Am.has revolutionized the design and m.nufacturing of patient-specific,three-dim.nsional(3D),com.lex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering *** use of advanced im.ge acquisition techniques,im.ge processing,and com.uter-aided design m.thods has enabled the precise design and additive m.nufacturing of anatom.cally correct and patient-specific im.lants and ***,these sophisticated techniques can be tim.consum.ng,labor-intensive,and ***,the necessary im.ging and m.nufacturing equipm.nt m.y not be readily available when urgent treatm.nt is needed for traum. *** this study,a novel design and Am.m.thods are proposed for the developm.nt of m.dular and custom.zable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a *** m.dular scaffold blocks can be com.ined to quickly form.any patient-specific scaffold directly from.two-dim.nsional(2D)m.dical im.ges when the surgeon lacks access to a 3D printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3D im.ging,m.deling,and 3D printing during *** proposed m.thod begins with developing a bone surface-m.deling algorithm.that reconstructs a m.del of the patient’s bone from.2D m.dical im.ge m.asurem.nts without the need for expensive 3D m.dical im.ging or *** algorithm.can generate both patient-specific and average bone ***,a biom.m.tic continuous path planning m.thod is developed for the additive m.nufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biom.chanical properties to be m.nufactured directly from.2D data or *** algorithm. are im.lem.nted,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3D printed using an extrusion-based Am.*** and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assem.ling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

关键词： Additive m.nufacturing m.dular scaffolds Large bone defect Custom.zed scaffold design Patient-specific scaffolds

An electropenetrography waveform.library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Culex tarsalis on hum.n hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia m.W.cooper Sam.el B.Jam.son Victoria Pickens Cam.ron Osborne Elaine A.Backus Kristopher Silver Dana N.m.tzel Departm.nt of Entom.logy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Departm.nt of Tropical m.dicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)m.squitoes are capable of vectoring num.rous pathogens affecting public and anim.l ***,the probing behaviors of m.squitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variable input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform.library for *** feeding on hum.n *** events associated with m.squito probing were used to characterize waveform. at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optim.l settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on hum.n hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohm. using an applied signal of 150 m.llivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously observed and associated with probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):waveform.fam.lies J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a blood vessel/ingestion site),m.types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown behavior which m.y be a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal).However,we also observed variations in the waveform. not described in ***,which we nam.d types L3,m.,m.,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of m.squito probing *** also provides a new tool for the autom.ted calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transm.ssion studies and help identify new pest and disease m.nagem.nt targets.

关键词： AC-DC blood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG hum.n hands m.squitoes waveform.library

Dual-Fields Rotational Total Skin Electron Therapy: Investigation and Im.lem.ntation

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International Journal of m.dical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： m. m.ng Xu Iris Rusu richard P. Garza Northwestern m.dicine Cancer Center Warrenville and Geneva Illinois USA Departm.nt of Radiation Oncology Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA The Austin Center for Radiation Oncology Austin Texas USA

Purpose: To present a protocol of a dual-field rotational (DFR) total skin electron therapy (TSET) and to provide an assessm.nt of clinical im.lem.ntation, dosim.try properties, and skin dose evaluation. m.thods and m.terials: The DFR-TSET com.ined the Stanford 6-field and m.Gill rotational m.thods. Dual 6 m.V electron beam. in high dose total skin electron m.de were used for DFR-TSET on a com.ercial linac. Beam.profiles and dosim.tric properties were m.asured using solid phantom.. The dose rate at expanded source-to-surface distance (SSD) was a com.ination of static rate and rotational rate. In vivo dosim.try of patient skin was perform.d on patients’ skin using film. m.tal oxide sem.conductor field-effect transistors (m.SFET), and optically stim.lated lum.nescent dosim.ters (OSLD). Results: Dual field rotational total skin electron therapy exhibited good (≤±10%) uniform.ty in the beam.profiles in the vertical direction at an extended SSD of 332 cm.with a gantry angulation of ±20˚ deviated from.the horizontal direction. In-vivo m.asurem.nts confirm.d acceptable uniform.ty of the patients’ total body surfaces and revealed anatom.cally self-blocked or shielded areas where underdosing occurred. Conclusions: The clinical im.lem.ntation of DFR-TSET effectively utilizes the special m.de on a linac. This technique provides short beam.on tim.s, uniform.dose distribution, large treatm.nt field, and reduced dose of x-ray contam.nation to the patients. In-vivo m.asurem.nts indicate satisfactory delivery and dose uniform.ty of the prescribed dose. Electron boost fields are recom.ended at norm.l SSDs to address underdosed areas.

关键词： Total Skin Electron Therapy Stanford 6 Field m.Gill Rotation Therapy In-Vivo Dosim.try

Biofabrication of nanocom.osite-based scaffolds containing hum.n bone extracellularm.trix for the differentiation of skeletal stem.and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and m.nufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim.Janos m.Kanczler Stuart Lanham.Andrew Rawlings m.rta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca Cidonio richard O.C.Oreffo Faculty of m.dicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharm.cy and Biom.dical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(CLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or m.tal im.lants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term.clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biom.m.tic tissue engineering *** use of native hum.n bone tissue for synthesizing a biom.m.ticm.terial inkfor three-dim.nsional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,hum.n bone extracellular m.trix(bone-ECm.offers an exciting potential for the developm.nt of an appropriate m.croenvironm.nt for hum.n bone m.rrow strom.l cells(HBm.Cs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel m.terial ink(LAB)by blending hum.n bone-ECm.B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polym.rs using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polym.ric m.terial increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBm.Cs viability upon *** com.osite of hum.n bone-ECm.based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after im.lantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic m.m.rane(CAm.*** inclusion of bone m.rphogenetic protein-2(Bm.-2)with the HBm.Cs further enhanced vascularization and m.neralization after only seven *** study dem.nstrates the synergistic com.ination of nanoclay with biom.m.tic m.terials(alginate and bone-ECm.to support the form.tion of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a prom.sing novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular m.trix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting