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Isolation of prostrate turfgrass mutants via screening of dwarf phenotype and characterization of a perennial ryegrass prostrate mutant

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 296-301页

作者： junmei Chen Chandra Thammina Wei Li Hao Yu Huseyin Yer Rania El-Tanbouly Manon Marron Lorenzo Katin-Grazzini Yongqin Chen john Inguagiato richard j.mcavoy Karl Guillard Xian Zhang Yi Li College of Landscape Architecture and Arts Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA College of Life Sciences Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062China College of Horticulture Northwest A&F universityYangling 712100China

Prostrate turf varieties are desirable because of their increased low mowing tolerance,heat resistance,traffic resistance and ground coverage compared with upright *** breeding may provide a powerful tool to create prostrate varieties,but there are no simple,straightforward methods to screen for such *** of the molecular basis of the major‘green revolution’traits,dwarfism and semi-dwarfism,guided us to design a simple strategy for isolating dwarf mutants of perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.).We have shown that gamma-ray-mediated dominant dwarf mutants can be easily screened for at the three-leaf *** 10%of dwarf mutant lines also displayed a prostrate phenotype at mature stages(>10 tillers).One prostrate line,Lowboy I,has been characterized in *** I had significantly shorter canopy,leaf blade and internode lengths compared with wild *** I also exhibited greater tolerance to low mowing stress than wild *** gibberellic acid(GA)restored Lowboy I to a wild-type phenotype,indicating that the dwarf and prostrate phenotypes were both due to GA *** further showed that phenotypes of Lowboy I were dominant and stably inherited through sexual *** turfgrass mutants are difficult to screen for because the phenotype is not observed at young seedling stages,therefore our method represents a simple strategy for easily isolating prostrate ***,Lowboy I may provide an outstanding germplasm for breeding novel prostrate perennial ryegrass cultivars.

关键词： dwarf breeding seedling

A method for the production and expedient screening of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated non-transgenic mutant plants

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 774-785页

作者： Longzheng Chen Wei Li Lorenzo Katin-Grazzini jing Ding Xianbin Gu Yanjun Li Tingting Gu Ren Wang Xinchun Lin Ziniu Deng richard j.mcavoy Frederick G.Gmitter jr. Zhanao Deng Yunde Zhao Yi Li Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA Institute of Vegetable Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina College of Horticulture and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityZhejiangHangzhouChina College of Horticulture Hunan Agricultural UniversityHunanChangshaChina Citrus Research and Education Center University of FloridaLake AlfredFLUSA Department of Environmental Horticulture Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterIFASUniversity of FloridaWimaumaFLUSA Section of Cell and Developmental Biology University of California at San DiegoSan DiegoCA92093USA

Developing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated non-transgenic mutants in asexually propagated perennial crop plants is challenging but highly ***,we report a highly useful method using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient CRISPR/Cas9 gene expression system to create non-transgenic mutant plants without the need for sexual *** have also developed a rapid,cost-effective,and high-throughput mutant screening protocol based on Illumina sequencing followed by high-resolution melting(HRM)*** tetraploid tobacco as a model species and the phytoene desaturase(PDS)gene as a target,we successfully created and expediently identified mutant plants,which were verified as tetra-allelic *** produced pds mutant shoots at a rate of 47.5%from tobacco leaf explants,without the use of antibiotic *** these pds plants,17.2%were confirmed to be non-transgenic,for an overall non-transgenic mutation rate of 8.2%.Our method is reliable and effective in creating non-transgenic mutant plants without the need to segregate out transgenes through sexual *** method should be applicable to many economically important,heterozygous,perennial crop species that are more difficult to regenerate.

关键词： transgenic transient fir

Step volume and intensity in older adults:Commentary on "Association of accelerometer-derived step volume and intensity with hospitalizations and mortality in older adults:A prospective cohort study"

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第5期11卷 548-549页

作者： Cayla mcavoy Catrine Tudor-Locke College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

In 2021,Manas et al.1 used data from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging and reported that high accelerometer-derived step volume and(what they labeled)intensity were significantly associated with lower hospitalization(average followup=3.1 years)and all-cause mortality(average followup=5.7 years)in 768 older adults(average age=78.8±4.9 years,mean±SD).Step volume(expressed as steps/day)was averaged across all compliant days(i.e.,those with>8 h/day of valid wear time).For their purposes,the authors defined intensity as the total step volume divided by the total valid minutes of accelerometer wear time.

关键词： wear accelerometer steps

Large-diameter trees, snags, and deadwood in southern Utah, USA

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 130-141页

作者： james A.Lutz Soren Struckman Tucker j.Furniss joseph D.Birch Larissa *** Darren j.mcavoy Department of Wildland Resources S.J.and Jessie E.Quinney College of Natural ResourcesUtah State University5230 Old Main HillLoganUT 84322-5230USA. Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada.

Background:The epidemic Dendroctonus rufipennis(spruce beetle)outbreak in the subalpine forests of the Colorado Plateau in the 1990s killed most larger Picea engelmannii(Engelmann spruce)*** quarter century later,the larger snags are beginning to fall,transitioning to deadwood(down woody debris)where they may influence fire behavior,regeneration,and habitat ***:We tracked all fallen trees≥1 cm in diameter at breast height(1.37-m high)and mapped all pieces of deadwood≥10-cm diameter and≥1 m in length within 13.64 ha of a high-elevation mixed-species forest in the Picea–Abies zone annually for 5 years from 2015 through *** examined the relative contribution of Picea engelmannii to snag and deadwood pools relative to other species and the relative contributions of large-diameter trees(≥33.2 cm at this subalpine site).We compared spatially explicit mapping of deadwood to traditional measures of surface fuels and introduce a new method for approximating vertical distribution of ***:In this mixed-species forest,there was relatively high density and basal area of live Picea engelmannii 20 years after the beetle outbreak(36 trees ha^(−1) and 1.94 m^(2) ha^(−1)≥10-cm diameter)contrasting with the near total mortality of mature Picea in forests *** from tree boles≥10-cm diameter on the ground had biomass of 42 Mg ha^(−1),7 Mg ha^(−1) of Picea engelmannii,and 35 Mg ha^(−1) of other *** live aboveground biomass was 119 Mg ha^(−1),while snag biomass was 36 Mg ha^(−1).Mean total fuel loading measured with planar transects was 63 Mg ha^(−1) but varied more than three orders of magnitude(0.1 to 257 Mg ha^(−1)).Planar transects recorded 32 Mg ha^(−1) of wood≥7.62-cm diameter compared to the 42 Mg ha^(−1) of wood≥10-cm diameter recorded by explicit *** pieces of deadwood were often stacked,forming a vertical structure likely to contribute to active fire ***:Bark beetle mortality in the 1990s has made

关键词： Cedar Breaks National Monument Dendroctonus rufipennis Utah Forest Dynamics Plot Vertical fuel structure

Evolution and roles of cytokinin genes in angiosperms 2:Do ancient CKXs play housekeeping roles while non-ancient CKXs play regulatory roles?

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2486-2500页

作者： Xiaojing Wang jing Ding Shanshan Lin Decai Liu Tingting Gu HanWu Robert N.Trigiano richard mcavoy jinling Huang Yi Li State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R.China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-4560USA Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA

Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase(CKX)is a key enzyme responsible for the degradation of endogenous ***,the origins and roles of CKX genes in angiosperm evolution remain *** on comprehensive bioinformatic and transgenic plant analyses,we demonstrate that the CKXs of land plants most likely originated from an ancient chlamydial endosymbiont during primary *** refer to the CKXs retaining evolutionarily ancient characteristics as“ancient CKXs”and those that have expanded and functionally diverged in angiosperms as“non-ancient CKXs”.We show that the expression of some non-ancient CKXs is rapidly inducible within 15 min upon the dehydration of Arabidopsis,while the ancient CKX(AtCKX7)is not drought *** plants overexpressing a non-ancient CKX display improved oxidative and drought tolerance and root *** mutant studies have shown that non-ancient CKXs regulate organ development,particularly that of ***,ancient CKXs preferentially degrade cis-zeatin(cZ)-type cytokinins,while non-ancient CKXs preferentially target N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenines(iPs)and trans-zeatins(tZs).Based on the results of this work,an accompanying study(Wang et ***://***/10.1038/s41438-019-0211-x)and previous studies,we hypothesize that non-ancient CKXs and their preferred substrates of iP/tZ-type cytokinins regulate angiosperm organ development and environmental stress responses,while ancient CKXs and their preferred substrates of cZs play a housekeeping role,which echoes the conclusions and hypothesis described in the accompanying report(Wang,*** *** and roles of cytokinin genes in angiosperms 1:Doancient IPTs play housekeeping while non-ancient IPTs play regulatory roles?Hortic Res 7,(2020).https://***/10.1038/s41438-019-0211-x).

关键词： Evolution drought ancient

Large-diameter trees dominate snag and surface biomass following reintroduced fire

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 475-487页

作者： james A.Lutz Soren Struckman Tucker j.Furniss C.Alina Cansler Sara j.Germain Larissa *** Darren j.mcavoy Crystal A.Kolden Alistair M.S.Smith Mark E.Swanson Andrew j.Larson Department of Wildland Resources S.J.and Jessie E.Quinney College of Natural ResourcesUtah State University5230 Old Main HillLoganUtah 84322-5230USA School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of WashingtonBox 352100SeattleWashington 98195USA Management of Complex Systems University of CaliforniaMerced5200 North Lake RoadMercedCalifornia 95343USA Department of Forest Rangelandand Fire SciencesCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter DriveMoscowIdaho 83844-1133USA School of the Environment Washington State UniversityBox 646410PullmanWashington 99164-6420USA Wilderness Institute W.A.Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of Montana32 Campus DriveMissoulaMontana 59812USA

The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics,including reducing tree density and decreasing levels of woody biomass on the forest ***,reintroducing fire causes tree mortality that can have unintended ecological outcomes related to woody biomass,with potential impacts to fuel accumulation,carbon sequestration,subsequent fire severity,and forest *** this study,we examine the interplay between fire and carbon dynamics by asking how reintroduced fire impacts fuel accumulation,carbon sequestration,and subsequent fire severity *** pre-fire,and continuing 6 years post-fire,we tracked all live,dead,and fallen trees≥1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood(downed woody debris)originating from tree boles≥10 cm diameter and≥1 m in length in 25.6 ha of an Abies concolor/Pinus lambertiana forest in the central Sierra Nevada,California,*** also tracked surface fuels along 2240 m of planar transects pre-fire,immediately post-fire,and 6 years *** years after moderate-severity fire,deadwood≥10 cm diameter was 73 Mg ha^(−1),comprised of 32 Mg ha^(−1) that persisted through fire and 41 Mg ha^(−1) of newly fallen wood(compared to 72 Mg ha^(−1) pre-fire).Woody surface fuel loading was spatially heterogeneous,with mass varying almost four orders of magnitude at the scale of 20 m×20 m quadrats(minimum,0.1 Mg ha^(−1);mean,73 Mg ha^(−1);maximum,497 Mg ha^(−1)).Wood from large-diameter trees(≥60 cm diameter)comprised 57%of surface fuel in 2019,but was 75%of snag biomass,indicating high contributions to current and future fuel *** of fire does not consume all large-diameter fuel and generates high levels of surface fuels≥10 cm diameter within 6 *** fires are needed to reduce surface fuel loading.

关键词： California Rim Fire Fuel reduction Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer Smithsonian ForestGEO Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot Yosemite National Park

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斑翅肩花蝽生物学特性、生境及食性选择

昆虫学报 2011年第7期54卷 800-808页

作者：李立虞国跃 Tom j.mcavoy richard C.REARDON 吴云 Scott M.SALOM 和景福中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所昆明650224 北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所北京100097 Department of Entomology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA USDA Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team Morgantown WV 26505 USA 云南省怒江州林业局云南泸水673100

斑翅肩花蝽Tetraphleps galchanoides Ghauri是铁杉球蚜Adelges tsugae Annand(hemlock woolly adelgid)的重要天敌昆虫。在云南省兰坪县天生桥林区通过实验室和林间的饲养观察与测定、林间线路调查等方法,研究了斑翅肩花蝽的生物学特... 详细信息

斑翅肩花蝽Tetraphleps galchanoides Ghauri是铁杉球蚜Adelges tsugae Annand(hemlock woolly adelgid)的重要天敌昆虫。在云南省兰坪县天生桥林区通过实验室和林间的饲养观察与测定、林间线路调查等方法,研究了斑翅肩花蝽的生物学特性、生境及食性选择,并描述各虫态形态特征。斑翅肩花蝽在该林区一年发生2代,无世代重叠,寿命长。第1代(5月下旬至10月下旬)卵期13.8±1.6d,若虫期97.6±7.4d,成虫期55.2±4.7d;第2代(11月中旬至翌年4月下旬)卵期11.3±1.1d,若虫期105.7±8.5d,成虫期60.4±5.3d。若虫共5龄,以5龄若虫在云南铁杉Tsuga dumosa枝条树皮裂缝下或枯枝落叶层内越冬。雌雄成虫性比8.5∶1,雌雄成虫飞行缓慢,其飞行活动主要受到交尾、产卵、捕食铁杉球蚜补充营养的影响,多在树冠下层活动。该林区的斑翅肩花蝽最适生境选择:海拔为2851～2980m,云南铁杉密度为13.3～15.5株/100m、郁闭度为0.61～0.70。以寄主铁杉球蚜及附近常见的冷杉球蚜Aphrastasia pectinatae(Cholodkovsky)、华山松球蚜Pineus armandicola Zhang和落叶松球蚜Adelges laricis Vall为食物进行选择性试验,结果表明,斑翅肩花蝽对这4种球蚜的选择性存在显著差异,最喜好捕食铁杉球蚜,可成为生物防治铁杉球蚜的主要天敌之一。

关键词：斑翅肩花蝽铁杉球蚜生物学捕食生境食性选择生物防治

Response to mcavoy and Tudor-Locke on their commentary on our manuscript:“Association of accelerometer-derived step volume and intensity with hospitalizations and mortality in older adults:A prospective cohort study”

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第6期11卷 639-640页

作者： Asier Mañas Borja del Pozo Cruz Ulf Ekelund joséLosa Reyna Irene Rodríguez Gómez joséAntonio Carnicero Carreño Leocadio Rodríguez Mañas Francisco j.García García Ignacio Ara GENUD Toledo Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaToledo 45071Spain CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging(CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid 28029Spain Center UCM-ISCIII for Human Evolution and Behavior Madrid 28029Spain Faculty of Education Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz(INiBICA)Research Unit Puerto Real University HospitalUniversity of CadizCadiz 11009Spain Department of Physical Education Faculty of Education SciencesUniversity of CadizCadiz 11009Spain Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo 0473Norway Geriatric Department Hospital Universitario de GetafeGetafe 28905Spain Geriatric Department Hospital Virgen del ValleToledo 45071Spain

Dear Editor,We have read with interest the commentary by mcavoy and Tudor-Locke on our article entitled "Association of accelerometer-derived step volume and intensity with ho spitalizations and mortality in older adults:A prospective cohort study". The authors expressed some concerns about our methodology used to define accelerometer-derived step intensity and the analytical approach applied in our study.

关键词： accelerometer prospective mortality