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Science China Chemistry 2013年第8期56卷 1029-1039页

作者： ROMeRO Gabriela MURRAY richard A. QIU Yuan SANZ David MOYA Sergio e. Biosurfaces Department CIC biomaGUNE Department of Polymer Science and engineering Zhejiang University

Recent work regarding the Layer by Layer （LbL） engineering of poly（lactide-co-glycolide） nanoparticles （PLGA NPs） is reviewed here. The LbL engineering of PLGA NPs is applied as a means of generating advanced drug delivery devices with tailored recognition, protection, cargo and release properties. LbL in combination with covalent chemistry is used to attach PeG and folic acid to control cell uptake and direct it towards cancer cells. LbL coatings composed of chitosan and alginate show low protein interactions and can be used as an alternative to Pegylation. The assembly on top of LbL coatings of lipid layers composed of variable percentages of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-choline （DOPC） and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho- L-serine （DOPS） increases NP uptake and directs the NPs towards the endoplasmic reticulum. The antibody anti-TNF-ct is encapsulated forming a complex with alginate that is assembled LbL on top of PLGA NPs. The antibody is released in cell culture following first order kinetics. The release kinetics of encapsulated molecules inside PLGA NPs are studied when the PLGA NPs are coated via LbL with different polyelectrolytes. The intracellular release of encapsulated Doxorubicin is studied in the HepG2 cell line by means of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging.

关键词： layer by layer PLGA NPs cell uptake antibody delivery lipid layers intracellular release

effects of Motivation and Demography on the Quantitative Plausibility of the Trojan Horse Defence Against Possession of Child Pornography

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2014年第6期21卷 9-15页

作者： richard e Overill Jantje A M Silomon Kam-Pui Chow Hayson Tse Dept.of Informatics King's College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUnited Kingdom Dept.of Computer Science University of Hong Kong

The enhanced Complexity Model( eCM) developed previously has been further extended to produce a Motivationally enhanced Complexity Model( MeCM) which enables the degree of motivation,capability and opportunity of a hypothetical Trojan Horse author to be included in quantifying the relative plausibility of competing explanations for the existence of uncontested digital *** new model has been applied to the case of the Trojan Horse defence( THD) against the possession of child *** results demonstrate that the THD in this case cannot be plausibly sustained unless it can be shown that an ‘off-theshelf'( OTS) Trojan Horse for this task is available and it is not detectable by the target computer,at the material time.

关键词： Trojan Horse defence child pornography digital forensic evidence complexity quantitative plausibility metrics posterior odds

effect of dietary defatted diatom biomass on egg production and quality of laying hens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 318-324页

作者： Xiangjun Leng Kun-Nan Hsu richard e Austic Xin'gen Lei Department of Animal Science Cornell University College of Aquaculture and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University

Background： This study was to determine if feeding laying hens with defatted diatom microalgal biomass （DFA） from biofuel production affected their egg production and health status. Methods： Five replicates of 5 individually caged ISA Babcock White leghorn hens were fed 4 diets, including a corn-soybean meal control diet, a diet containing 7.5% DFA substituting for soybean meal, and diets containing 7.5% or 15% DFA substituting for corn and soybean meal. Body weights, feed intake, feed conversion ratio （FCR）, rate of egg production, egg size, egg mass, and several characteristics of eggs were determined at 4 and 8 wk. Venous blood was sampled at 4 and 8 wk for measurement of 5 biomarkers of health. Results： The15% DFA diet decreased （P 〈 0.05） feed intake, egg production, and plasma uric acid concentrations as compared with the control diet, but increased （P 〈 0.05） egg albumen weight and height compared with the 7.5% DFA diets. The two levels of DFA produced dose-dependent （P 〈 0.05） changes in three color measures of egg yolk, without affecting four hen plasma biochemical indicators of health. Conclusions： Feeding laying hens with 7.5% DFA in the corn-soybean meal diet for 8 wk had no adverse effect on their health, egg production, or egg quality, but 15% inclusion reduced feed intake, egg production, and efficiency of feed utilization.

关键词： Defatted diatom algae egg Health Laying hen Soybean

Monocyte/Macrophage-Mediated Innate Immunity in HIV-1 Infection:From early Response to Late Dysregulation and Links to Cardiovascular Diseases Onset

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第4期36卷 565-576页

作者： eman Teer Danzil e.Joseph richard H.Glashoff M.Faadiel essop Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa(CARMA) Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7600South Africa Division of Medical Microbiology&Immunology Department of PathologyStellenbosch University and NHLSCape Town 7505South Africa

Although monocytes and macrophages are key mediators of the innate immune system,the focus has largely been on the role of the adaptive immune system in the context of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)*** more attention and research work regarding the innate immune system-especially the role of monocytes and macrophages during early HIV-1 infection-is *** monocytes and tissue macrophages are both susceptible targets of HIV-1 infection,and the early host response can determine whether the nature of the infection becomes pathogenic or *** example,monocytes and macrophages can contribute to the HIV reservoir and viral persistence,and influence the initiation/extension of immune activation and chronic *** the expansion of monocyte subsets(classical,intermediate and non-classical)provide an increased understanding of the crucial role they play in terms of chronic inflammation and also by increasing the risk of coagulation during HIV-1 *** review discusses the role of monocytes and macrophages during HIV-1 pathogenesis,starting from the early response to late dysregulation that occurs as a result of persistent immune activation and chronic *** changes are also linked to downstream targets such as increased coagulation and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.

关键词： Monocytes Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Persistent immune activation Coagulation Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)

Neuromorphic nanocluster networks:Critical role of the substrate in nano-link formation

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Nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 10500-10506页

作者： Wenkai Wu Alexey V.Verkhovtsev Theodoros Pavloudis Andrey V.Solov’yov richard e.Palmer Nanomaterials Lab Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversityBay CampusFabian WaySA18ENSwanseaUK MBN Research Center Altenhöferallee 360438 Frankfurt am MainGermany School of Physics Faculty of SciencesAristotle University of ThessalonikiGR-54124 ThessalonikiGreece

Atomic cluster-based networks represent a promising architecture for the realization of neuromorphic computing systems,which may overcome some of the limitations of the current computing *** formation and breakage of links between the clusters are of utmost importance for the functioning of these computing *** paper reports the results of molecular dynamics simulations of synapse(bridge)formation at elevated temperature and thermal breaking processes between 2.8 nmsized Au1415 clusters deposited on a carbon substrate,a model ***,we find that the bridge formation process is driven by the diffusion of gold atoms along the substrate,no matter how small the gap between the clusters *** complementary simulations of the bridge breaking process reveal the existence of a threshold bias voltage to activate bridge rupture via Joule *** results provide an atomistic-level understanding of the fundamental dynamical processes occurring in neuromorphic cluster arrays.

关键词： atomic-switch network nanoclusters nanoparticles(NPs) clusters on surfaces synapse neuromorphics molecular dynamics(MD)

Temporal and spatial study of differently charged ions emitted by ns-laser-produced tungsten plasmas using time-of-flight mass spectroscopy

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第9期23卷 176-183页

作者： Ding WU George C-Y CHAN Xianglei MAO Yu LI richard e RUSSO Hongbin DING Vassilia ZORBA School of Physics Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People's Republic of China Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA 94720United States of America Department of Mechanical engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720United States of America

Tungsten(W)is an important material in tokamak walls and *** W ion charge state distribution and the dynamic behavior of ions play important roles in the investigation of plasma–wall interactions using laser-ablation-based diagnostics such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser-induced ablation *** this work,we investigate the temporal and spatial evolutions of differently charged ions in a nanosecond-laser-produced W plasma in vacuum using time-of-flight mass *** with different charge states from 1 to 7(W+to W7+)are all *** temporal evolutions of the differently charged ions show that ions with higher charge states have higher velocities,indicating that space separation occurs between the differently charged ion ***-resolved mass spectroscopy measurements further demonstrate the separation *** temporal profile can be accurately fitted by a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution,and the velocities of the differently charged ions are also obtained from the *** is found that the ion velocities increase continuously from the measured position of 0.75 cm to 2.25 cm away from the target surface,which indicates that the acceleration process lasts through the period of plasma *** acceleration and space separation of the differently charged ions confirm that there is a dynamic plasma sheath in the laser-produced plasma,which provides essential information for the theoretical laser-ablation model with plasma formation and expansion.

关键词： laser ablation temporal and spatial evolution time-of-flight mass spectroscopy spatial separation differently charged ions

Vasectomy by epithelial curettage without suture or cautery： a pilot study in humans

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第3期12卷 315-321,I0008页

作者： John K. Amory John W. Jessen Charles Muller richard e. Berger Department of Medicine Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195 USA private Practice Dentistry Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Urology University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195 USA

Curettage of the epithelium of the vas deferens might be a safe and effective method of male sterilization. We conducted a pilot study of vasectomy by epithelial curettage with a novel microcurette called the Vas-X in 12 normal men requesting elective sterilization. Seminal fluid analysis was obtained monthly after the procedure for 6 months. Pain was assessed by questionnaire. Three months after the procedure, all men attained sperm concentrations of less than 0.2 million sperm per mL, and seven were azoospermic. Post-procedural pain was minimal. Nine men ultimately achieved and maintained azoospermia; however, 4 to 6 months after the procedure, sperm concentrations increased in three of the 12 subjects, necessitating repeat vasectomy. Microscopic examination of the vas deferens from these failures revealed re-canalization. Vasectomy by epithelial curettage can result in effective sterilization; however, 1/4 of the subjects were not effectively sterilized by the procedure due to re-canalization of the vas deferens. epithelial curettage will require further refinement to determine if it is a viable form of vasectomy.

关键词： male contraception male sterilization re-canalization spermatogenesis vas deferens vasectomy failure

Prevention of metabolic decompensation in an infant with mutase deficient methylmalonic aciduria undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第1期10卷 83-85页

作者： Raymond Y Wang richard C Chang Mary e Sowa Anthony C Chang Jose e Abdenur Division of Metabolic Disorders CHOC Children's FoundationDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California Irvine School of MedicineOrangeCAUSA Department of Clinical Nutrition and Lactation CHOC Children'sOrangeCAUSA Division of Cardiology Pediatric Subspecialty FacultyHeart InstituteCHOC Children'sOrangeCAUSA

Background:effects of circulatory arrest upon an inborn error of metabolism patient are ***:A retrospective chart review was performed of outcome and biochemical parameters obtained during palliative cardiac surgery for a mutase-deficient methylmalonic aciduria patient with ebstein’s cardiac anomaly was ***:The levels of ammonia,methylmalonic acid,free carnitine,and propionylcarnitine of the patient were *** patient survived surgery following institution of four metabolic treatment principles:1)restriction of toxic substrate;2)promotion of anabolism via administration of carbohydrate and lipid calories;3)administration of detoxifying levocarnitine and sodium benzoate;and 4)cobalamin enzymatic co-factor *** patient died from post-operative dysrhythmia and was posthumously determined to have compound heterozygosity for mutations predicting severe,cobalamin non-responsive disease:c.322C>T/c.1233del3(p.R108C/p.ΔI412).Conclusion:Metabolic decompensation is preventable during cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia using four principles of metabolic treatment.

关键词： bypass management methylmalonic aciduria

Surgical management of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2020年第6期13卷 935-940页

作者： Abdelrahman M.elhusseiny richard K.Lee William e.Smiddy Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Ophthalmology Kasr Al-AinySchool of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 12611Egypt

AIM:To report outcomes of patients after intraocular lens(IOL)repositioning or exchange for the version of the uveitisglaucoma-hyphema(UGH)syndrome that does not include closed loop anterior chamber IOL(nUGH).MeTHODS:Chart review of patients with nUGH who underwent IOL repositioning or exchange by one surgeon were *** main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)as a decimal fraction preoperatively and postoperatively after IOL repositioning or *** findings evaluated included the presence of uveitis,hyphema,elevated intraocular pressure(IOP),and other complications such as pigment dispersion or vitreous *** number of anti-inflammatory and glaucoma medications were assessed before and after IOL repositioning or ***:The study included 14 pseudophakic *** median time at the onset of contemporary UGH after cataract extraction and IOL implantation(Ce/IOL)was7.5 *** repositioning or exchange was performed at a mean duration of 8.1±4.7 mo(median:4 mo)after onset of *** mean BCVA was improved from 0.45±0.26 preoperatively after onset of UGH syndrome to 0.76±0.22(P=0.016)after IOL repositioning or *** the14 eyes,uveitis,elevated IOP,and hyphema were present preoperatively in 13,13,and 6 eyes,*** and hyphema resolved in all cases after IOL *** mean IOP was reduced from 26.4±4.5 mm Hg preoperatively to 14.7±4.9 postoperatively(P=0.01).The mean number of glaucoma medications used was reduced from 1.7±1.1 medications preoperatively to 0.8±1.08(P=0.04)***:IOL repositioning or exchange is an effective treatment in many cases for medically resistant contemporary UGH syndrome.

关键词： intraocular lens complications secondary glaucoma vitrectomy

An approach to quantifying the plausibility of the inadvertent download defence

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Forensic Sciences Research 2016年第1期1卷 28-32页

作者： richard e.Overill Kam-Pui Chow Department of Informatics King’s College LondonLondonUK Department of Computer Science University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

A table of 95%confidence limits on the probabilities for randomly downloading relatively small numbers of illegal images or sensitive documents amongst a relatively large number of other images or documents has been *** is anticipated that these data will assist prosecution officials in arriving at a decision as to whether or not there is a reasonable likelihood of a successful criminal prosecution when the inadvertent download defence is employed in cases of possession of child pornography,terrorist material or espionage-related *** same data can also be used by defence counsels to assess the strength of the prosecution’s case.

关键词： Forensic science probability theory confidence interval binomial distribution,inadvertent download defence possession of child pornography counter terrorism counter espionage