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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph rich b.ian Cole Teng Li b.andon Lu Hanyu Fu b.ittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James L.Doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron D.Franklin Tony Jun Huang Department of b.omedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab.on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attrib.tes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrab.lity,b.ocompatib.lity,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited b. complex and time-consuming micro/nanofab.ication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-b.sed *** simplify the fab.ication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizab.e dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fab.icated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fab.icated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fab.icated devices were directly measured through scanning laser Doppler ***,to exhib.t the capab.lity of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab.on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-b.sed,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viab.lity for applications in the fields of b.ology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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Diversity and Structure of the Woody Stand in a Sudano-Sahelian Transition Zone in Senegal

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第1期14卷 1-16页

作者： Oumar Sarr Moustapha b. Sagna Amy b.khoum Sékouna Diatta Aliou Guissé UCAD/FST Lab.ratory of Ecology and Ecohydrology Dakar Senegal Tessekere Human Environment Ob.ervatory (Senegal) IRL 3189 “Environment Health Society” Dakar Senegal

The main ob.ective of the study was to investigate the diversity of the woody stratum of the vegetation in intercommunity rangelands in the department of Koungheul b.sed on an ecological inventory using vegetation surveys. The results indicate a rich flora of 70 species divided into 54 genera and 27 families where Ceasalpiniaceae and Rub.aceae are dominant (5 genera each). They are followed b. Comb.etaceae and Euphorb.acea (4 genera each) and b. Capparaceae, Fab.ceae and Mimosaceae (3 genera for each family). b.t at the specific level, it is the Comb.etaceae which dominates with 10 species and Rub.aceae (7 species). It is more representative at the level of the rural community of Lour Esacale. The different values of vegetation parameters from one site to another indicate variab.lity in community rangeland management practices. The woody stand, dominated b. small Comb.etaceae, shows a relatively stab.e level of organization with an average equitab.lity of ab.ut 45% for the two rural communities studied. Species such as Cordyla pinnata, Sclerocarya b.rrea, Adansonia digitata and Sterculia setigera contrib.ted strongly to the b.sal and aerial cover of the overall stand. The regeneration of the stand is very good (ab.ut 85% on average) b.t it represents very few species, especially of the Comb.etaceae family. This shows a tendency to a progressive loss of species richness in the woody stratum.

关键词： Flora Woody Species Vegetation Surveys Regeneration Kaffrine Region

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Efficiency of Legumes in Increasing Yam Yield under Sandy Ferrasol in the Forest Zone of Southwestern Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 227-236页

作者： Germaine A. Tanoh Félix b. O. b.uadou Jean b.ptiste D. Ettien Department of Soil Sciences Water and Geomaterials University of Felix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Department of Food Security and Nutrition Swiss Center for Scientific Research in C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The cropping system is b.sed on traditional farming in rural areas. In this way, yields of some food crops like yam are very low considering their high need for nutrients. The nutrient-rich land is under high land pressure as it is occupied b. cash crops such as oil palm and rub.er at the expense of food crops and soil fertility is declining. The study was conducted in Grand-Lahou to assess the effect of organic matter provided b. legumes in increasing yam yield. The randomized complete b.ock design included four (4) treatments: Arachis hypogaea + yam association (T1), Acacia mangium + yam association (T2), Arachis + Acacia mangium + yam association (T3) and pure yam crop (T0). The parameters measured were: the soil nutrients content, the rate of mineralization of organic matter through the C/N ratio as well as the yield of yam through different techniques that allowed the ob.ective of the study to b. achieved. It was noted a slight improvement of nitrogen and organic carb.n in all treatments with a higher value recorded in the T2 treatment. The C/N ratio decreased to 12 in all treatments compared to the control, which reflects a normal decomposition of the organic matter. Treatment T1 increased yam yield (8.4 t/ha) in contrast to treatments T2 (4.1 t/ha) and T3 (2.8 t/ha). Legume-b.sed treatments T2 and T3 were associated with a significant decrease in yam yield, resulting in losses of −46.34% to −25.09%, while treatment T1 resulted in a gain of 28.57%. As a result, the treatments involving legumes contrib.ted to normalizing the organic matter content of the soil. The simultaneous association of these two legumes led to a decrease in yam production, contrary to the treatment associating only groundnut.

关键词： Legumes Organic Matter Yam Yield Côte d’Ivoire

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Measures of Relative and Ab.olute Convergence and Pro-poor Growth with an Illustration b.sed on China(2010–2018)

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China & World Economy 2024年第2期32卷 1-41页

作者： Elena b.rcena-Martin Jacques Silb.r Yuan Zhang Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales Universidad de MálagaSpain Department of Economics Bar-Ilan UniversityIsrael China Center for Economic Studies Fudan UniversityChina

Income mob.lity is a key issue for understanding the process of economic growth and distrib.tional *** economists have used the concept of“pro-poor growth”to examine,with individual-level panel data,whether the poor b.nefit more than the rich from economic growth b. tracking the extent of income mob.lity among different population *** is also literature in macroeconomics on the measurement of *** paper introduces population-weighted relative and ab.olute indices of mob.lity,convergence,and pro-poor growth;it also distinguishes b.tween anonymous and nonanonymous approaches to these *** empirical analysis is b.sed on Chinese panel data for the period 2010–*** b.th ab.olute and relative terms,income growth in China was greater for individuals with an initially lower income b.t only for lower income deciles in relative *** was also an overall increase in individual welfare from anonymous and nonanonymous perspectives,which was higher among younger *** welfare of the poor did not increase more than that of the *** results shed light on the evolution of income distrib.tion in China during the past decade's rapid economic growth.

关键词： anonymous and nonanonymous approach convergence exchange and structural mob.lity pro-poor growth

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Epidemiologic characteristics of Helicob.cter pylori infection in southeast Hungary

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第42期25卷 6365-6372页

作者： Lenke b.lint Andrea Tiszai Gáb.r Kozák Ilona Dóczi Veronika Szekeres Orsolya Inczefi Georgina Ollé Krisztina Helle rich.rd Róka András Rosztóczy Division of Gastroenterology First Department of MedicineUniversity of SzegedSzeged 6720Hungary Department of Physiology University of SzegedSzeged 6720Hungary of Clinical Microb.ology University of SzegedSzeged 6725Hungary Hungarian National b.ood Transfusion Service Szeged 6722Hungary

b.CKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have revealed a decrease in the prevalence of Helicob.cter pylori(***)infection in Western *** To ob.ain data regarding the prevalence of *** in Csongrád and b.kés Counties in Hungary,evaluate the differences in its prevalence b.tween urb.n and rural areas,and estab.ish factors associated with positive *** One-thousand and one healthy b.ood donors[male/female:501/500,mean age:40(19–65)years]were enrolled in this *** were tested for *** IgG antib.dy positivity via enzyme-linked immunosorb.nt *** analysis b. age,gender,smoking hab.ts,alcohol consumption,and urb.n vs nonurb.n residence was also *** The overall seropositivity of *** was 32%.It was higher in males(34.93%vs 29.2%,P=0.0521)and in rural areas(36.2%vs 27.94%,P=0.0051).Agricultural/industrial workers were more likely to b. positive for infection than office workers(38.35%vs 30.11%,P=0.0095)and rural sub.ects in b.kés County than those in Csongrád County(43.36%vs 33.33%,P=0.0015).CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of *** infection decreased in recent decades in Southeast Hungary,it remains high in middle-aged rural *** accepted risk factors for *** positivity appeared to b. valid for the studied population.

关键词： Helicob.cter pylori Epidemiology Prevalence Central Europe Healthy volunteers Enzyme-linked immunosorb.nt assay Differences in urb.n and rural population

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Employing Canopy Hyperspectral Narrowb.nd Data and Random Forest Algorithm to Differentiate Palmer Amaranth from Colored Cotton

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第12期8卷 3258-3271页

作者： Reginald S. fletcher Rickie b. Turley Crop Production Systems Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Stoneville USA Crop Genetics Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Stoneville USA

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) invasion negatively impacts cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production systems throughout the United States. The ob.ective of this study was to evaluate canopy hyperspectral narrowb.nd data as input into the random forest machine learning algorithm to distinguish Palmer amaranth from cotton. The study focused on differentiating the Palmer amaranth from cotton near-isogenic lines with b.onze, green, and yellow leaves. A spectroradiometer was used to acquire hyperspectral reflectance measurements of Palmer amaranth and cotton canopies for two separate dates, Decemb.r 12, 2016, and May 14, 2017. Data were collected from plants that were grown in a greenhouse. The spectral data were aggregated to twenty-four hyperspectral narrowb.nds proposed for study of vegetation and agriculture crops. Those b.nds were tested b. the conditional inference version of random forest (cforest) to differentiate the Palmer amaranth from cotton. Classifications were b.nary: Palmer amaranth and cotton b.onze, Palmer amaranth and cotton green, and Palmer amaranth and cotton yellow. Classification accuracies were verified with overall, user’s, and producer’s accuracy. For the two dates comb.ned, overall accuracy ranged from 77.8% to 88.9%. The highest overall accuracies were ob.erved for the Palmer amaranth versus the cotton yellow classification (88.9%, Decemb.r 12, 2016;83.3%, May 14, 2017). Producer’s and user’s accuracies range was 66.7% to 94.4%. Errors were predominately attrib.ted to cotton b.ing misclassified as Palmer amaranth. The overall results indicated that cforest has moderate to strong potential for differentiating Palmer amaranth from cotton when it used hyperspectral narrowb.nds known to b. useful for vegetation and agricultural surveys as input variab.es. This research further supports using hyperspectral narrowb.nd data and cforest as decision support tools in cotton production systems.

关键词： Amaranthus palmeri Gossypium hirsutum Cforest Machine Learning

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Comparing Canopy Hyperspectral Reflectance Properties of <i>Palmer amaranth</i>to Okra and Super-Okra Leaf Cotton

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第13期9卷 2708-2718页

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is a major weed prob.em of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production systems in the southern United States. Hyperspectral remote sensing has shown promise as a tool for crop weed discrimination, and there is a growing interest in using this technology for identifying weeds in cotton production systems. Information is lacking on differentiating Palmer amaranth from cotton with an okra leaf structure b.sed on canopy hyperspectral reflectance properties. Two greenhouse studies were conducted to compare canopy hyperspectral reflectance profiles of Palmer amaranth to canopy hyperspectral reflectance profiles of okra and super-okra leaf cotton and to identify optimal regions of the electromagnetic spectrum for their discrimination. Ground-b.sed hyperspectral measurements of the plant canopies were ob.ained with a spectroradiometer (400 - 2350 nm range). Analysis of variance (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05), Dunnett’s test (p ≤ 0.05), and difference and sensitivity measurements were tab.lated to determine the optimal waveb.nds for Palmer amaranth and cotton discrimination. Results were inconsistent for Palmer amaranth and okra leaf cotton separation. Optimal waveb.nds for distinguishing Palmer amaranth from super-okra leaf cotton were ob.erved in the shortwave infrared region (2000 nm and 2180 nm) of the optical spectrum. Ground-b.sed and airb.rne sensors can b. tuned into the shortwave infrared b.nds identified in this study, facilitating application of remote sensing technology for Palmer amaranth discrimination from super-okra leaf cotton and implementation of the technology as a decision support tool in cotton weed management programs.

关键词： Amaranthus palmeri Discrimination Gossypium hirsutum Remote Sensing Technology

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Urb.n heat mitigation b. green and b.ue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Deb.le Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep b.ui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Glob.l Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainab.lity University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of b.ilt Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the b.ilt Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry b.tler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Lab.ratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The comb.nation of urb.nization and glob.l warming leads to urb.n overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urb.n overheating can b. mitigated b. urb.n green-b.ue-grey infrastructure(Gb.I),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence b.ses on quantified Gb.I cooling b.nefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence b.se for heat mitigation and related co-b.nefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,b.sed on 51 Gb.I types categorized under 10 main *** Gb.I(green walls,parks,street trees)have b.en well researched for their urb.n cooling ***,several other Gb.I have received negligib.e(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was ob.erved in b.tanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated b.lconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate sub.ypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb.and Cfb.to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb.continental warm-summer humid]to b.k[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current Gb.I in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to b.lance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-b.nefits when planning for the future *** glob.l Gb.I heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urb.n planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urb.n overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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The synthesis of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs)

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第8期60卷 1023-1032页

作者： Neil b.McKeown School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3F J U

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity （PIMs） are a class of porous organic polymer （POP） that form microporous solids due to the inefficient packing of their rigid and contorted macromolecular chains. In contrast to other types of POP, PIMs are not comprised of a network of cross-linked covalent b.nds so that they can b. dissolved in organic solvents and processed into rob.st films, coatings or fib.es. Here, over twelve years＇ accumulated research on the synthesis of PIMs is reviewed. To date, three types of polymerisation reaction have b.en used successfully to prepare PIMs of sufficient molecular mass to form rob.st self-standing films. These involve the formation of dib.nzodioxin, Tr6ger＇s b.se and imide linkages b.tween monomeric units. This rapid development of synthetic methods for preparing PIMs has b.en driven b. their rich potential for numerous diverse applications and this synergistic relationship b.tween synthesis and functionality is set to continue.

关键词： polymers of intrinsic microporosity synthesis porous organic polymers

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Distrib.ted b.amforming b.sed Wireless Power Transfer:Analysis and Realization

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2020年第6期25卷 758-775页

作者： Xiaoran Fan Han Ding Yanyong Zhang Wade Trappe Zhu Han rich Howard the Wireless Information Network Lab.ratory(WINLAb. Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA the Department of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China the Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230052China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77004USA.

This paper presents a new Wireless Power Transfer(WPT)approach b. aligning the phases of a group of spatially distrib.ted Radio Frequency(RF)transmitters(TX)at the target receiver(RX)*** approach can transfer energy over tens of meters and even to targets b.ocked b. *** to popular b.amforming b.sed WPTs,our approach leads to a drastically different energy density distrib.tion:the energy density at the target receiver is much higher than the energy density at other *** to this unique energy distrib.tion pattern,our approach offers a safer WPT solution,which can b. potentially scaled up to ship a higher level of energy over longer ***,we model the energy density distrib.tion and prove that our proposed system can create a high energy peak exactly at the target *** we conduct detailed simulation studies to investigate how the actual energy distrib.tion is impacted b. various important system parameters,including numb.r/topology of transmitters,transmitter antenna directionality,the distance b.tween receiver and transmitters,and environmental ***,we b.ild an actual prototype with 17 N210 and 4 b.10 Universal Software Radio Peripheral(USRP)nodes,through which we validate the salient features and performance promises of the proposed system.

关键词： Wireless Power Transfer(WPT) distrib.ted b.amforming wireless network

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