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The formation of orthogonal joint systems and cuboidal blocks:New insights gained from flat-lying limestone beds in the region of Havre-Saint-Pierre(Quebec,canada)

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第12期15卷 3079-3093页

作者： Shaocheng Ji Yvéric Rousseau Denis Marcotte Noah John Phillips Département des Génies civil Géologique et des MinesÉcole Polytechnique de MontréalMontréalQuébecH3C 3A7Canada Department of Geology Lakehead UniversityThunder BayOntarioP7B 5E1Canada

Vertical orthogonal joints are a common feature in shallow crustal *** are several competing theories for their formation despite the *** examined the exceptional exposures of orthogonal joints in flat-lying Ordovician limestone beds from the Havre-Saint-Pierre Region in Quebec,canada(north shore of Saint-Lawrence River)to test conceptual models of joint formation in a natural *** the region,the spacing of cross-joints is consistently larger than the spacing of systematic joints by a factor of 1.5 *** joint-spacing-to-bed-thickness ratios(s/t)are much larger in these beds(s/t=4.3 for systematic joints,and 6.4 for cross-joints)than those in higher strained strata along the south shore of the Saint-Lawrence River(s/t=1),highlighting the effect of tectonic strain in decreasing fracture spacing and block *** high values of s/t indicate that cross-joint formation was unlikely caused by a switch from compression to tension once a critical s/t ratio for systematic joints was reached(as hypothesized in previous studies).We proposed a new model for the formation of orthogonal joint systems where the principal stress axes locally switch during the formation of systematic *** presence of ladder-shaped orthogonal joints suggests a state of effective stress withσ_(1)^(∗)≫0>σ_(2)^(∗)>σ_(3)^(∗)and whereσ_(2)^(∗)-σ_(3)^(∗)is within the range of fracture strength variability at the time of *** research provides a new mechanical model for the formation of orthogonal joint systems and cuboidal blocks.

关键词： Plato's cuboids Orthogonal joints Fracture spacing Limestone Layered rock mechanics Appalachian geology

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LiDAR Is Effective in characterizing Vine Growth and Detecting Associated Genetic Loci

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第4期5卷 836-851页

作者： Elsa chedid Komlan Avia Vincent Dumas Lionel Ley Nicolas Reibel Gisèle Butterlin Maxime Soma Raul Lopez-Lozano Frédéric Baret Didier Merdinoglu Éric Duchêne INRAE University of StrasbourgUMR SVQV28rue de Herrlisheim68000 ColmarFrance INRAE UEAV28rue de Herrlisheim68000 ColmarFrance INRAE Aix-Marseille UniversitéUMR RECOVER3275 Route de Cézanne13182 Aix-en-ProvenceFrance INRAE Avignon UniversitéUMR EMMAHUMT CAPTE228route de l'aérodrome84914 AvignonFrance

The strong societal demand to reduce pesticide use and adaptation to climate change challenges the capacities of phenotyping new varieties in the ***-throughput phenotyping is a way to obtain meaningful and reliable information on hundreds of genotypes in a limited *** evaluated traits related to growth in 209 genotypes from an interspecific grapevine biparental cross,between IJ119,a local genitor,and Divona,both in summer and in winter,using several methods:fresh pruning wood weight,exposed leaf area calculated from digital images,leaf chlorophyll concentration,and LiDAR-derived apparent *** high-density genetic information obtained by the genotyping by sequencing technology(GBS),we detected 6 regions of the grapevine genome[quantitative trait loci(QTL)]associated with the variations of the traits in the *** detection of statistically significant QTLs,as well as correlations(R^(2))with traditional methods above 0.46,shows that LiDAR technology is effective in characterizing the growth features of the *** calculated with LiDAR-derived total canopy and pruning wood volumes were high,above 0.66,and stable between growing *** variables provided genetic models explaining up to 47%of the phenotypic variance,which were better than models obtained with the exposed leaf area estimated from images and the destructive pruning weight *** results highlight the relevance of LiDAR-derived traits for characterizing genetically induced differences in grapevine growth and open new perspectives for high-throughput phenotyping of grapevines in the vineyard.

关键词： LiDAR traits hundreds

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Antiseptic Efficacy of A Soap Made from Biosurfactants Isolated from Bacillus and Lactobacillus against Pathogenic Bacteria

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 31-58页

作者： Frédéric Yannick Okouakoua christian Aimé Kayath Nicaise Saturnin Mokémiabeka Varelle Bervanie Ngala Elenga Digne Nedjea N’goma-Mona Ndelani Nkalla Lambi Sandra Paola Elenga Wilson christ Dieuveil Bayakissa Malanda Rodinet Tsana Junior Patrick Sergy Bissoko1 Moïse Doria Kaya-Ongoto Duchel Jeanedvi Kinavouidi Etienne Nguimbi Laboratoire de Biologie cellulaire et Mol&eacute culaire (BCM) Facult&eacute des Sciences et Techniques Universit&eacute Marien N’gouabi Brazzaville Congo Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN) Avenue de l’Auberge Gascogne Brazzaville Congo

The aim of our study was to use a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus and Lactobacillus isolates as an antiseptic in the formulation of local soap. A total of 60 isolates were characterized by microbiological techniques (30 Bacillus and 30 Lactobacillus) and the ability to produce biosurfactants was demonstrated by a hydrocarbon emulsification index (E24). The emulsification indexes (E24) varied from 9% to 100% for Bacillus and from 33% to 100% for Lactobacillus as well. The antagonistic assay showed that biosurfactants were able to inhibit the formation of biofilms and growth of pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhirium, Shigella boydii and Proteus mirabilis. The biosurfactant consortium (Bioc) from Bacillus consortium and from Lactobacillus was able to inhibit biofilm formation and the pathogens growth. The Bioc was stable to alkaline pH and the temperatures stability of Biosurfactant was ranging from 50°c to 90°c. The soap was made by the cold saponification process using one biosurfactant consortium formulated. This soap has a pH of 10 and showed good cleaning power and good foam stability. Similarly, the soap showed good antiseptic power and disinfection power against all pathogens tested. Handwashing is critical to preventing disease transmission. The persistence of pathogens in waste water was evaluated. The BioS produced showed good disinfection power against all pathogens tested. The valor of reduction on the hands and in the waste water was significantly more than compared to the control soaps used. This soap could be used in the prevention, fighting, and treatment of bacterial and viral infections.

关键词： Antiseptic Soap Biosurfactants Bacillus Lactobacillus Disinfection Pathogens bacteria

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PM_(2.5)characterization of primary and secondary organic aerosols in two urban-industrial areas in the East Mediterranean

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 98-116页

作者： Marc Fadel Frédéric Ledoux Mariana Farhat Adib Kfoury Dominique courcot charbel Afif Emissions Measurementsand Modeling of the Atmosphere(EMMA)LaboratoryCARFaculty of SciencesSaint Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon Unitéde chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant UCEIV UR4492FR CNRS 3417University of Littoral Côte d Opale(ULCO)DunkerqueFrance Department of Environmental Sciences University of BalamandAl KourahLebanon climate and Atmosphere Research center The Cyprus InstituteNicosiaCyprus

Primary and secondary organic aerosols in PM_(2.5)were investigated over a one-year campaign at Zouk Mikael and Fiaa,*** n-alkanes concentrations were quite similar at both sites(26-29 ng/m^(3))and mainly explained by anthropogenic emissions rather than natural *** concentrations of total Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)were nearly three times higher at Zouk Mikael(2.56 ng/m^(3))compared to Fiaa(0.95 ng/m^(3)),especially for indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene linked to the presence of the power plant.A characteristic indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene/(indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene+benzo[g,h,i]perylene)ratio in the range0.8-1.0 was determined for heavy fuel oil combustion from the power *** acids and hopanes were also investigated and were assigned to cooking activities and vehicular emissions *** were identified for the first time in Lebanon with high concentrations at Zouk and Fiaa(106.88 and 97.68 ng/m^(3) respectively).Moreover,the biogenic secondary aerosols revealed higher concentrations in *** total terpene concentration varied between 131 ng/m^(3) at Zouk Mikael in winter to 469 ng/m3 at Fiaa in ***,the concentrations of the dicarboxylic acids especially for adipic and phthalic acids were more influenced by anthropogenic *** analysis of molecular markers and diagnostic ratios indicated that the sites were strongly affected by anthropogenic sources such as waste open burning,diesel private generators,cooking activities,road transport,power plant,and industrial ***,results showed different pattern during winter and summer ***,higher concentrations of biogenic markers were clearly encountered during the summer period.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Secondary organic aerosols PAHs Phthalates Lebanon Urban-industrial sites

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Integrating fossils in a molecular-based phylogeny and testing them as calibration points for divergence time estimates in Menispermaceae

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 25-49页

作者： Frdric M.B. JAcQUES Rosa Del c. ORTIZ Department of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis MO 63166-0299 USA

The phylogeny of extant Menispermaceae (Ranunculales) is reconstructed based on DNA sequences of two chloroplast genes (rbcL and atpB) from 94 species belonging to 56 genera. Fossilized endocarps represent 34 genera. The positions of these are inferred using 30 morphological characters and the molecular phylogeny as a backbone constraint. Nine of the thirteen nodes that are each dated by a fossil are used as calibration points for the estimates of molecular divergence times. BEAST is used to estimate stem age (121.2 Myr) and crown age (105.4 Myr) for Menispermaceae. This method does not require an input tree topology and can also account for rate heterogeneity among lineages. The sensitivity of these estimates to fossil constraints is then evaluated by a cross-validation procedure. The estimated origin for Menispermaceae is dated to the mid-Jurassic if the customary maximum age of 125 Myr for eudicots is not implemented. All constraints when used alone failed to estimate node ages in some parts of the tree. Fossils from the Palaeocene and Eocene impose strict constraints. Likewise, the use of Prototinomiscium as a dating constraint for Menispermaceae appears to be a conservative approach.

关键词： age calibration cross-validation fossil Menispermaceae molecular scaffold phylogeny.

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Infrared spectroscopy analyses of air-cH_4 or air-cO gas flows interacting with polycrystalline ceO_2, La_2O_3 and Lu_2O_3 oxides

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Journal of Rare Earths 2012年第8期30卷 835-841页

作者： Bahcine BAKIZ Lamia BOURJA Abdeljalil BENLHAcHEMI Frédéric GUINNETON Madjid ARAB Jean-Raymond GAVARRI Institute Materials Microelectronics & Nanosciences of Provence UMR CNRS 6242 University SOUTH Toulon-Var Laboratory Materials & Environment Faculty of Sciences University Ibn Zohr

A comparative study of reactivity between air-cH4 or air-cO gas flows and ceO2, La2O3 and Lu2O3 rare earth oxides was per- formed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses of cO2 gas resulted from the conversion of cH4 or cO gases. Polyerystalline samples of ceO2, La2O3 and Lu2O3 were first prepared by specific precipitation methods followed by low temperature calcination process. In the case of Lu2O3 oxide, a new specific route was proposed. crystallite dimensions were determined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Morphologies were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Specific surface areas were determined from Bnmauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） technique. Using infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conversion rates of cH4 or cO into cO2 were de- termined from the evolutions of cO2 vibrational band intensities, as a function of time and temperature. It was dearly established that, despite its low specific surface, the Lu2O3 oxide presented the highest capacity of conversion of cH4 or cO into cO2.

关键词： lutetium oxide rare earth oxides elaboration gas solid interactions infrared spectroscopy

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Mongolian Lark as an indicator of taxonomic,functional and phylogenetic diversity of steppe birds

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 478-486页

作者： Zheng Han Xi Yang Xueqi Zhao Frédéric Jiguet Piotr Tryjanowski Haitao Wang School of Life Sciences Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China college of Agricultural Hulunbuir UniversityHulunbuir021000China cEScO UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne UniversiteCP13543 Rue Buffon75005ParisFrance Department of Zoology Poznan University of Life SciencesWojska Polskiego 71CPL-60-625PoznanPoland Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and conservation Genetics Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China

Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented *** grassland species have been lost and are now of conservation *** efficient biodiversity indicators is a key pillar of the global conservation *** Lark(Melanocorypha mongolica) is a charismatic bird species abound in Mongolian steppes,and recent studies demonstrated that this species share similar habitat requirements an d likely co-occur with other grassland *** tested the hypothesis that Mongolian Lark would make a suitable indicator for different aspects of avian *** made a large-scale bird survey in Inner Mongolia,and classified point counts into three groups based on different taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic biodiversity *** identified species indicators of each group using the indicator value(IndVal) analysis,and examined the bird compositional difference among *** models were used for studying the patterns of occurrence of Mongolian Lark in relation to various biodiversity *** golian Lark showed the highest indicator value in comparison with other potential species *** species richness is significantly higher at sites with Mongolian Lark,an d its occurrence was negatively correlated with species abundance,functional richness,Rao’s quadratic entropy and phylogenetic *** Lark is therefore a suitable indicator species for avian biodiversity in Mongolian *** is highly distinctive in flight and usually seen *** widespread distribution and charismatic appearance make it easy to monitor and adequate for citizen science,and may provide useful information on the paradigm of surrogacy in conservation ecology.

关键词： Bird assemblages Diversity metrics Grassland conservation Management Surrogate species

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Distinct and combined impacts of climate and land use scenarios on water availability and sediment loads for a water supply reservoir in northern Morocco

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International Soil and Water conservation Research 2020年第2期8卷 141-153页

作者： Fatiha choukri Damien Raclot Mustapha Naimi Mohamed chikhaoui Joao Pedro Nunes Frédéric Huard cécile Hérivaux Mohamed Sabir Yannick Pépin IAV Hassan II Department of Natural Resources and EnvironmentMadinat Al IrfaneRabatMorocco LISAH Univ MontpellierINRAEIRDInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance cE3c-centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculdade de CienciasUniversidade de Lisboa1749-016LisboaPortugal INRAE-Agroclim 228 Route de l’AérodromeCS 4050984914AvignonCedex 9France BRGM Univ Montpellier1039 Rue de Pinville34000MontpellierFrance ENFI bd Moulay YoussefTabriquetSALEMorocco

The objective of this study was to examine the impacts of climate and land use changes on wateravailability and sediment loads for a water supply reservoir in northern Morocco using data-intensive simulation models in a data-scarce region. Impacts were assessed by comparing the simulated water and sediment entering the reservoir between the future period 2031-2050 and the 1983-2010 reference period. Three scenarios of land use change and two scenarios of climate change were developed in the Tleta watershed. Simulations under current and future conditions were performed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The simulations showed that climate change will lead to a sig-nificant decrease in the annual water supply to the reservoir (-16.9% and -27.5%) and in the annual volume of sediment entering the reservoir (-7.4% and -12.6%), depending on the climate change sce-narios tested. The three scenarios of land use change will lead to a moderate change in annual water inflow into the reservoir (between-6.7% and +6.2%), while causing a significant decrease in sediment entering the reservoir (-37%to-24%). The combined impacts of climate and land use changes will cause a reduction in annual water availability (-9.9%to-33.3%) and sediment supplies (-28.7%to-45.8%). As a result, the lifetime of the reservoir will be extended, but at the same time, the risk of water shortages will increase, especially from July to March. Therefore, alternative water resources must be considered.

关键词： climate change Land use change SWAT Runoff Reservoir management Morocco

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Modification of the adsorption and catalytic properties of micro-and mesoporous materials by reactions with organometallic complexes

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Science china chemistry 2010年第9期53卷 1862-1869页

作者： LEFEBVRE Frédéric PUTAJ Piotr BASSET Jean-Marie Université de Lyon IcL C2P2 UMR 5265(CNRS-CPE-Université Lyon 1) LCOMS-CPE Lyon

This review describes the work of two laboratories in the field of the modification of micro-and mesoporous molecular sieves through reactions with organometallic *** modification of zeolites can occur inside the pore channels or on the external surface,depending on the size of the organometallic *** the modification occurs on the external surface,it results in a decrease of the pore entrance,which will lead in turn to a modification of the sorption properties of the zeolite,by decreasing the rate of the adsorption(mainly by a kinetic control).Such a material can be also used in catalysis,because the external acid sites,which are responsible for side-reactions,have been removed upon *** small organometallic complexes are used,they can fill the channels and cages of the zeolite and react with internal hydroxyl *** to the high acidity of zeolites,the reaction occurs very easily(for example at-100℃ on faujasite),in contrast to what is observed on the external surface,therefore leading to high metal *** that case,the modification of the sorption properties will be mainly related to a thermodynamic *** resulting materials can be useful in catalysis,by combining the activity of the organometallic complex and properties(for example shape-selectivity) of the *** of mesoporous molecular sieves occurs always in the pores and results in altering of the sorption properties of the solid,by changing the interaction type between the sorbent and the *** example the sorption isotherm of alkanes is changed from type II to type III according to the IUPAc nomenclature.

关键词： zeolites transition metals organometallic compounds adsorption properties

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Laser sources for microwave to millimeter-wave applications [Invited]

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Photonics Research 2014年第4期2卷 70-79页

作者： Gaël Kervella Jeremy Maxin Mickael Faugeron Perrine Berger Hadrien Lanctuit Gregoire Pillet Loïc Morvan Frédéric van Dijk Daniel Dolfi III-V Lab a Joint Laboratory of Alcatel Lucent Bell LabsThales Research&Technologyand CEA-LETICampus Polytechnique1Av.A.Fresnel91767 PalaiseauFrance Thales Research and Technology Campus Polytechnique1Av.A.Fresnel91767 PalaiseauFrance

We present several laser sources dedicated to advanced microwave photonic applications.A quantum-dash mode-locked laser delivering a high-power,ultra-stable pulse train is first *** measure a linewidth below 300 kHz at a 4.3 GHz repetition rate for an output power above 300 mW and a pulse duration of 1.1 ps after compression,making this source ideal for microwave signal sampling applications.A widely tunable(5–110 GHz),monolithic millimeter-wave transceiver based on the integration of two semiconductor distributed feedback lasers,four amplifiers,and two high-speed uni-traveling carrier photodiodes is then presented,together with its application to the wireless transmission of data at 200 Mb∕s.A frequency-agile laser source dedicated to microwave signal processing is then *** delivers arbitrary frequency sweeps over 20 GHz with high precision and high speed(above 400 GHz∕ms).Finally,we report on a low-noise(below 1 kHz linewidth),solid-state,dual-frequency laser *** allows independent tuning of the two frequencies in the perspective of the implementation of a tunable optoelectronic oscillator based on a high-Q optical resonator.

关键词： millimeter tunable tuning

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