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American Journal of Climate Change 2015年第5期4卷 461-473页

作者： Japhet Joel Kashaigili Emmanuel Zziwa Siwa Ernest Emma Laswai Bernard Musana Segatagara Denis Mpairwe reuben Mpuya Joseph Kadigi Cyprian Ebong Samuel Katambi Mugasi Germana Henry Laswai Mutimura Mupenzi Polycarp Jacob Ngowi Ibrahim Lwaho Kadigi Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Makerere University Kampala Uganda Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) Entebbe Uganda Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI) Morogoro Tanzania Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB) Kigali Rwanda National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) Kampala Uganda

This paper presents the lessons learnt from a research project titled “Improving Beef Cattle Productivity for Enhanced Food Security and Efficient Utilization of Natural Resources in the Lake Victoria Basin” which includes Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. The key focus is on the implications of land use land cover change and climate variability on the future prospects of beef cattle production in this region. The study utilizes information and data from natural resources and climate components to deduce the impact of land use and land cover changes on climate variability. Additional analysis is conducted to summarize the land use and land cover data to carry out analysis on climate data using the Mann-Kendal test, linear regression and moving averages to reveal patterns of change and trends in annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature. The findings reveal that the study areas of Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) have changed over time following land cover manipulations and land use change, coupled with climate variability. The grazing land has been converted to agriculture and settlements, thereby reducing cattle grazing land which is the cheapest and major feed source for ruminant livestock production. Although the cattle population has been on the increase in the same period, it has been largely attributed to the fact that the carrying capacity of available grazing areas had not been attained. The current stocking rates in the LVB reveal that the rangelands are greatly overstocked and overgrazed with land degradation already evidenced in some areas. Climate variability coupled with a decrease in grazing resources is driving unprecedented forage scarcity which is now a major limiting factor to cattle production. Crop cultivation and settlement expansion are major land use types overtaking grazing lands;therefore the incorporation of crop residues into ruminant feeding systems could be a feasible way to curtail rangeland degradation and inc

关键词： Beef Cattle Production Climate Variability Crop Residues Land Use Land Cover Change Lake Victoria Basin

Common polymorphisms of protein tyrosine phosphate non-receptor type 2 gene are not associated with risk of Crohn’s disease in Indian

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2022年第4期13卷 114-123页

作者： Kaushik Chatterjee Amit Kumar Dutta Ashish Goel Rekha Aaron Vijayalekshmi Balakrishnan Ajith Thomas Anoop John Rajeeb Jaleel Deepu David reuben Thomas Kurien SD Chowdhury Ebby George Simon AJ Joseph Prasanna Premkumar Anna B Pulimood Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College and HospitalVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia Department of Gastroenterology Christian Medical CollegeVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia Departments of Biostatistics Christian Medical CollegeVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia

BACKGROUND Multiple genetic risk factors for Crohn’s disease(CD)have been ***,these observations are not consistent across different *** protein tyrosine phosphate non-receptor type 2(PTPN2)gene plays a role in various aspects of host defense including epithelial barrier function,autophagy,and innate and adaptive immune *** common polymorphisms in the PTPN2 gene(rs2542151 and rs7234029)have been associated with risk of CD in Western *** To evaluate the association of PTPN2 gene polymorphisms with risk of CD in Indian *** We conducted a prospective case-control *** with CD were recruited,and their clinical and investigation details were *** were patients without organic gastrointestinal disease or other comorbid *** common polymorphisms in the PTPN2 gene(rs2542151 and rs7234029)were *** was extracted from peripheral blood samples of cases and controls and target DNA was amplified using specific sets of *** amplified fragments were digested with restriction enzymes and the presence of polymorphism was detected by restriction fragment length *** frequency of alleles was *** frequencies of genotypes and alleles were compared between cases and controls to look for significant *** A total of 108 patients with CD(mean age 37.5±12.7 years,females 42.6%)and 100 controls(mean age 39.9±13.5 years,females 37%)were *** the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)rs7234029,the overall frequency of G variant genotype(AG or GG)was noted to be significantly lower in the cases compared to controls(35.2%vs 50%,P=0.05).For the SNP rs2542151,the overall frequency of G variant genotype(GT or GG)was noted to be similar in cases compared to controls(43.6%vs 47%,P=0.73).There were no significant differences in minor allele(G)frequency for both polymorphisms between the cases and *** the SNPs had no significant association with a

关键词： PTPN2 gene Crohn’s disease Genetic polymorphism Case-control study Asia Risk factor

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花园重归美国高科技医疗场所

中国园林 2015年第1期31卷 6-11页

作者：鲁本.M.雷尼(美) 罗曼袁晓梅美国弗吉尼亚大学建筑学院景观建筑系华南理工大学建筑学院风景园林学系广州510641 广州市风景园林重点实验室广州510641

阐释了20世纪初曾一度消失的康复花园何以重归美国众多的医疗场所。论述了一个主要由社会学方法提供的事实,即人们接触花园或其他诸如公园与自然保护区这类环境对健康十分有益。这种接触能够缓解压力、提高认知能力,并对可测量的健康指... 详细信息

阐释了20世纪初曾一度消失的康复花园何以重归美国众多的医疗场所。论述了一个主要由社会学方法提供的事实,即人们接触花园或其他诸如公园与自然保护区这类环境对健康十分有益。这种接触能够缓解压力、提高认知能力,并对可测量的健康指数有正面效应。同时详述了有关花园是怎样改善健康的各种理论。并指出,研究人员对这一问题尚有分歧。还通过实例,说明康复花园应由专家团队来设计,根据诸如肿瘤医院、痴呆病院等特定医疗机构的患者与医护人员的需求量体裁衣。最后提出了一些可能提升康复花园设计能力的研究建议。

关键词：风景园林康复花园循证设计自然健康医疗场所

Land Cover Changes in the Malewa River Basin,Kenya

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2019年第3期8卷 90-106页

作者： Musa Cheruiyot Gladys Gathuru James Koskeand reuben Soy WWF International Nairobi 62440-00200Kenya Department of Environmental Sciences Kenyatta UniversityNairobi 43844-00100Kenya School of Environmental Studies Kenyatta UniversityNairobi 43844-00100Kenya Directorate of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing Nairobi 47146-00100Kenya

Detection of land cover change helps in the understanding of how humans modify the natural *** is attributed to both restoration and degradation *** information guides decisions on mitigating landscape degradation and advancing *** study sets to determine land cover changes from 1973 to 2013 in the Malewa River Basin(1,760 km^2)in central rift valley,*** imageries from Landsat(Landsat Multispectral Scanner,1973;Landsat TM(Thematic Mapper),1986;ETM+(Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus),2000;and SPOT,2013)were analyzed using various imaging techniques available in ArcGIS 10.1 and ERDAS Imagine *** results showed a cumulative growth of 25,617.0 ha(28.8%)in area under cropland,an increase of 4,310.1 ha(11.3%)in forestland and 688.0 ha(490.7%)of *** was a net decrease of 28,953.8 ha(72.2%)in the area under shrubland and 1,747.4 ha(19.2%)under *** findings suggest that increased demand for arable land is mainly driven by food and income needs of the human *** exerted enormous pressure particularly on shrublands and *** forest cover suggests an improvement in forest restoration efforts during the last ten *** is need to manage expansion into new arable areas by improving land productivity and tackling the drivers of land cover change.

关键词： Land cover change degradation restoration change detection imagery

aunalysis of the Genome Sequence of the Medicinal Plant Salvia miltiorrhiza

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Molecular Plant 2016年第6期9卷 949-952页

作者： Haibin Xu Jingyuan Song Hongmei Luo Yujun Zhang Qiushi Li Yingjie Zhu Jiang Xu Ying Li Chi Song Bo Wang Wei Sun Guoan Shen Xin Zhang Jun Qian Aijia Ji Zhichao Xu Xiang Luo Liu He Chuyuan Li Chao Sun Haixia Yah Guanghong Cui Xiwen Li Xian 'en Li Jianhe Wei Juyan Liu Yitao Wang Alice Hayward David Nelson Zemin Ning reuben J. Peters Xiaoquan Qi Shilin Chen Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Holding Limited Guangzhou 510140 China Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macao Macao 999078 China Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia Department of Microbiology Immunology and Biochemistry University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN 38163 USA Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute . Hinxton C.B10 1SA UK Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University Ames IA.50011 USA These authors have contributed equally to this article.

Dear Editor Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （Danshen） is a medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family, and its dried roots have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine with hydrophilic phenolic acids and tanshinones as pharmaceutically active components （Zhang et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2016）. The first step of tanshinone biosynthesis is bicyclization of the general diterpene precursor （E,E,E）-geranylgeranyl diphosphate （GGPP） to copalyl diphosphate （CPP） by CPP synthases （CPSs）, which is followed by a cyclization or rearrangement reaction catalyzed by kaurene synthase-like enzymes （KSL）. The resulting intermediate is usually an olefin, which requires the insertion of oxygen by cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases （CYPs） for the final production of diterpenoids （Zi et al., 2014）. While the CPS, KSL, and several early acting CYPs （CYP76AH1, CYP76AH3, and CYP76AK1） for tanshinone biosynthesis have been identified in S. miltiorrhiza （Gao et al., 2009; Guo et al., 2013, 2016; Zi and Peters, 2013）, the majority of the overall biosynthetic pathway, as well as the relevant regulatory factors associated with tanshinone production, remains elusive （Figure 1B）.

关键词： Lamiaceae traditional tanshinones

Adjudin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation

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Adjudin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammat...

中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Jia-Xiang SHAO,Qian reuben XIE,Ye-Wei LIU,Wei-Liang XIA~* Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China

＜正＞Neuroinflammation caused by microglial activation plays a key role in brain *** are activated in response to diverse stimuli and release multiple inflammatory *** seek for new drugs to modulate neuroinflammation,we recently found that Adjudin,a potential non-hormonal male contraceptive,exhibits additional function to reduce production of proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-stimulated microglial *** our present study,one-hour Adjudin pretreatment reduced IL-6 and IL-ip mRNA levels in BV2 microglial ***-6 secretion was also reduced with Adjudin *** determine whether Adjudin might have similar effects in vivo,mice were given Adjudin（100 mg/kg,i.p.） 3 h before and post LPS injection（2.5 mg/kg,i.p.）. The results showed that Adjudin decreased the induction of IL-6 and IL-1P mRNA by LPS in the ***,our data suggest that Adjudin might mitigate neuroinflammation.

关键词： Adjudin neuroinflammation IL-6 IL-1β BV2 microglial cells lipopolysaccharide

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亚太三年展的艺术区域框架

艺术当代 2020年第4期19卷 110-112页

作者：鲁本·基汗刘丽源(译) 不详

在20世纪90年代创立之初,亚太当代艺术三年展(Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art,以下简称"APT")明确致力于阐述以下论点:"以欧美为中心的观点已不再是评估该地区艺术的准则。"在连续二十五年的运营中,APT涵盖了一个本质上多... 详细信息

在20世纪90年代创立之初,亚太当代艺术三年展(Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art,以下简称"APT")明确致力于阐述以下论点:"以欧美为中心的观点已不再是评估该地区艺术的准则。"在连续二十五年的运营中,APT涵盖了一个本质上多元化的实践领域,在经历动态变化的区域中,它的联合更多依靠的是地理位置上的接近,而不是文化的一致性。这个项目在澳大利亚的发生尤其引人关注,鉴于澳大利亚的文化政策至今都与其殖民历史密切相关,而欧美的艺术观点可以说是保持霸权的力量。

关键词：殖民历史澳大利亚三年 APT 亚太实践领域动态变化多元化

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运用ICF评定肌肉骨骼系统健康状况的影响

中国康复理论与实践 2011年第2期17卷 115-128页

作者： Nenad Kostanjsek reuben Escorpizo Annelies Boonen Nicolas E.Walsh Tefvik Bedirhan stün Gerold Stucki 李晶晶祝捷邹智荀芳邱卓英武汉大学中南医院康复医学科湖北武汉市430071 中国康复研究中心北京市100068

目的建议联合使用国际疾病分类(ICD)及国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF),并应用肌肉骨骼系统(MSK)状况的例子来说明运用方法。方法根据在ICD中MSK状况的分类和现有的ICF核心分类集(ICF Core Sets)MSK状况的类目作为备选类目来专门说明专... 详细信息

目的建议联合使用国际疾病分类(ICD)及国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF),并应用肌肉骨骼系统(MSK)状况的例子来说明运用方法。方法根据在ICD中MSK状况的分类和现有的ICF核心分类集(ICF Core Sets)MSK状况的类目作为备选类目来专门说明专项功能。另一方法是考虑来自在文献中出现的已经应用的测量方法或工具的类目。结果从6个MSK状况的核心分类集、两种特定的保健治疗环境、一种MSK临床研究环境和8篇工具相关的文献中抽取相关的ICF类目。结论 ICD-ICF联合使用通过考虑疾病和功能状况来强调健康状况的影响,从而促进临床保健治疗。因此,有证据显示,在ICD修订版背景下ICD和ICF之间有可操作性的联系和互补作用。

关键词：国际疾病分类诊断 ICF 分类结局测量公共卫生

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印度应该好好向中国学习

商业周刊（中文版） 2020年第17期 7-7页

作者： reuben Abraham 许诺(译) 不详

如果印度只在有压力的时候才会改革,那么,现在应该是它进行大力度变革的时候了:今年二季度,印度国内生产总值(GDP)收缩近24%,这个幅度超过其他任何一个大型经济体;在正式和非正式就业领域,有数千万人失去了工作;而且,这个国家眼下每天... 详细信息

如果印度只在有压力的时候才会改革,那么,现在应该是它进行大力度变革的时候了:今年二季度,印度国内生产总值(GDP)收缩近24%,这个幅度超过其他任何一个大型经济体;在正式和非正式就业领域,有数千万人失去了工作;而且,这个国家眼下每天新增超过8.5万例新冠肺炎确诊病例。

关键词：非正式就业二季度经济体印度