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Cleaning method of the oil field wastewater treatment by UF process

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第3期13卷 365-367页

作者： WANG Jing rong, Xu Cheng(research center for eco {3.al sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china) research center for eco-{3.al sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China.

This article introduces experiments and researches of polysulphone ultrafiltration membrane's effect on oil field polluted water and approaches renewing oil field polluted water and approaches renewing of membrane's flux by different detergents and cleaning method. Good result has been achieved by doing experiments and the renewal rate of membrane is over 90%.

关键词： Detergents Membranes Oil fields Ultrafiltration Water pollution

In situ adsorption-catalysis system for the removal of o-xylene over an activated carbon supported Pd catalyst

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第7期21卷 985-990页

作者： HUANG Shaoyong, ZHANG Changbin, HE Hong research center for eco-{3.al sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china. [a]research center for eco-{3.al sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

An activated carbon （AC） supported Pd catalyst was used to develop a highly efficient in situ adsorption-catalysis system for the removal of low concentrations of o-xylene. In this study, three kinds of Pd/AC catalysts were prepared and tested to investigate the synergistic efficiency between adsorption and catalysis for o-xylene removal. The Pd/AC catalyst was first used as an adsorbent to concentrate dilute o-xylene at low temperature. After saturated adsorption, the adsorbed o-xylene was oxidized to CO2 and H20 by raising the temperature of the catalyst bed. The results showed that more than 99% of the adsorbed o-xylene was completely oxidized to CO2 over a 5% Pd/AC catalyst at 140℃. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, temperatureprogrammed desorption （TPD）, and temperature-programmed oxidation （TPO） were applied to investigate the physical properties of o-xylene adsorption-desorption and the in situ adsorption-catalysis activity of the AC support and Pd/AC catalyst. A synergistic relationship between the AC support and the active Pd species for the removal of low concentrations of o-xylene was established.

关键词： in situ adsorption-catalysis Pd/AC volatile organic compounds

Dynamic analysis and assessment for sustainable development

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Journal of environmental sciences 2002年第1期14卷 88-94页

作者： SHI Xiao\|qing (Department of Systems ecology, research center for eco\|environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china. ) Department of Systems ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The assessment of sustainable development is crucial for constituting sustainable development strategies. Assessment methods that exist so far usually only use an indicator system for making sustainable judgement. These indicators rarely reflect dynamic characteristics. However, sustainable development is influenced by changes in the social\|economic system and in the eco\|environmental system at different times. Besides the spatial character, sustainable development has a temporal character that can not be neglected; therefore the {3. system should also be dynamic. This paper focuses on this dynamic trait, so that the assessment results obtained provide more information for judgements in decision\|making processes. Firstly the dynamic characteristics of sustainable development are analyzed, which point to a track of sustainable development that is an upward undulating curve. According to the dynamic character and the development rules of a social, economic and ecological system, a flexible assessment approach that is based on tendency analysis, restrictive conditions and a feedback system is then proposed for sustainable development.

关键词： sustainable development assessment dynamic analysis

Adsorption-desorption behavior of acetochlor to soils in the presence of some environmental substances

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Journal of environmental sciences 2002年第2期14卷 269-276页

作者： YE Chang ming, LEI Zhi fang (research center for eco {3.al sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china. research center for eco-{3.al sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 Chin

The behavior of herbicide acetochlor adsorption desorption to soil in the presence of humic acid (HA), anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDAB) and NH 4NO 3.as a chemical fertilizer was studied. Observed acetochlor adsorption isotherm were well described using Freundlich isotherm equation, from which the desorption isotherm equation has been deduced. The deduced equation can more directly describe acetochlor desorption process. The results showed that the enhance of acetochlor adsorption capacity by solid HA was greater than by soluble HA. The presence of NH 4NO 3.can slightly enhance acetochlor adsorption to soil by comparison with that measured in NH 4NO 3. free solution. In soil water system, surfactant acetochlor interaction is very complex, and the surfactant adsorptions as well as acetochlor adsorption need to be considered. When acetochlor soil suspensions contained lower concentration SDBS or HDAB (40 mg/L), K f for acetochlor adsorption was decreased in comparison to that measured in SDBS or HDAB free solution. When acetochlor soil suspensions contained higher concentration SDBS or HDAB (corresponding 1400 mg/L or 200 mg/L), K f for acetochlor adsorption was increased in comparison to that measured in SDBS or HDAB free solution.

关键词： adsorption desorption acetochlor humic acid surfactants ammonium nitrate soil

Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第5期21卷 647-653页

作者： HUANG Yizong, HU Ying, LIU Yunxia research center for eco-{3.al sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china. [a]research center for eco-{3.al sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Accumulations of copper （Cu） and cadmium （Cd） in six rice cultivars （94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui63., YY-1, and KY13.0） were evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination （100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu ＋ 1.0 mg/kg Cd） in a greenhouse. The dry weights of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0%, and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui63., YY-1, and KY13.0, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.

关键词： Cu Cd combined contamination soil uptake accumulation root surface iron plaques

A tool model for predicting atmospheric chemical kinetics with sensitivity analysis

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第1期13卷 79-86页

作者： SHEN Ji (research center for eco\|{3.al sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china.E\|mail:shenji@***) research center for eco-{3.al sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. shenji@***

A package(a tool model) for program of predicting atmospheric chemical kinetics with sensitivity analysis is presented. The new direct method of calculating the first order sensitivity coefficients using sparse matrix technology to chemical kinetics is included in the tool model, it is only necessary to triangularize the matrix related to the Jacobian matrix of the model equation. The Gear type procedure is used to integrate a model equation and its coupled auxiliary sensitivity coefficient equations. The FORTRAN subroutines of the model equation, the sensitivity coefficient equations, and their Jacobian analytical expressions are generated automatically from a chemical mechanism. The kinetic representation for the model equation and its sensitivity coefficient equations, and their Jacobian matrix is presented. Various FORTRAN subroutines in packages, such as SLODE, modified MA28, Gear package, with which the program runs in conjunction are recommended. The photo\|oxidation of dimethyl disulfide is used for illustration.

关键词： atmospheric chemical model chemical kinetics sensitivity analysis

Agro-ecological engineering in china: a way towards sustainable agriculture

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Journal of environmental sciences 2000年第4期12卷 422-429页

作者： LIU Guo\|hua, FU Bo\|jie (research center for eco {3.al sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china) research center for eco-{3.al sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Sustainable development, as a “hot topic”, concerns not only economic development but also environmental protection. Agriculture, the base of other economic activities, has faced many difficulties that include over growth population, land decrease, and land degradation and so on. Therefore, how to increase the food supply, to meet the over\|growth population demands, is the main task all over the world at present, especially in the developing countries, such as{3., but we also must protect agricultural environment for medium\| and long\|term development simultaneously. Hence, sustainable development in agriculture is the most important estate that we must concern. Its sustainable development determines the sustainability of other economic development to a great extent. Despite chinese government has paid much attention to develop agricultural production and obtained great successions, there are also many shortcomings in chinese agriculture. Therefore,{3. must seek new approaches for its development and environmental protection that suit local conditions and are based on local resources. Agro ecological engineering, the application of ecological engineering in agriculture, is very thriving in{3. in recent decades. In this paper, the ecological, economic and social benefits of agro\|ecological engineering are analyzed. The principles are discussed. The results indicated that agro\|ecological engineering can meet the farmer′s short\|, medium\| and long\|term benefits. In the meanwhile, it also concerns not only economic benefits but ecological and social benefits. Therefore, agro\|ecological engineering is a way that leads to sustainable agriculture in the future in{3..

关键词： agro-ecological engineering sustainable agriculture sustainable development china

Hydrological eco-service of rubber plantations in Hainan Island and its effect on local economic development

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Journal of environmental sciences 2003年第5期15卷 701-709页

作者： JIANG Ju sheng , WANG Ru song (research center for eco {3.al sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china. research center for eco-{3.al sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. jushen

The impacts of economic forest on global environmental change(GEC) are one of the hot issues in environmental study. Based on the 3. year observation data and 40 year climate data, GEC and analysis of the hydrological dynamic characteristics of rubber plantations and estimate of the water balance in the rubber plantations in Hainan Island were made. The results showed that the rainfall intercepted by the canopy of the plantations accounted for 11 45% of the annual rainfall, the total runoff for 23. 71%, the total evaporation and transpiration for 63. 24%, the soil moisture storage for 1 6%. Analysis of the 40 year rainfall data in the 19 counties of Hainan Island during 1951—1990 showed that the large scale substitution of the natural vegetation with the rubber plantations had no significant effect on the local rainfall in Hainan Island. The main reasons are (1) 80% of the rainfall in Hainan is brought by typhoons; (2) the proportion of 11 6% rubber plantations in total forest coverage in Hainan is not enough to influence the local rainfall in Hainan Island; and (3. although the rubber plantation is artificial vegetation, it has the similar function to the tropical rain forest. Analysis of the total water resource and total GDP of Hainan in 1997 showed that the economic benefit resulted from the water resource was 1 0 RMB Yuan/m 3. The value of hydrological of the rubber plantation in Hainan was 113. 9 million RMB Yuan/a when compared with the tropical rain forest. The paper reaches conclusion that the hydrological eco service function of rubber plantation has been enhanced after transformed from natural vegetation, which includes the natural service and powerful social service.

关键词： eco service rubber plantation hydrological function Hainan Island

Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of chinese mainland

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Journal of environmental sciences 1993年第1期5卷 108-123页

作者： Kang Demeng and Chen Lidingresearch center for eco-{3.al sciences, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china research center for eco-{3.al sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. China

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.

关键词： nitrogen cycle: fluxes flux-rate reservoir-content of nitrogen dynamic pursuing model.