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Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction combined with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography for the rapid determination of triclosan,triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in aqueous samples

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2600-2607页

作者： GUO JieHong 1,2.LI XingHong 2.CAO XueLi 1,QU Lei 2.3,HOU DeKun 2.& XU XiaoBai 2.1 School of Chemical and environmental Engineering,beijing Technology and Business University,beijing 100048,china 2.State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and eco-toxicology research center of eco-environmental sciences,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china 3 zhengzhou University,zhengzhou 450001,china 1. School of Chemical and environmental Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology research center of eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China3. Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China

As extraction solvents,ionic liquids have green *** this study,an environmentally benign analytical method termed temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction (TIL-DLME) combined with ultra-highpressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-tunable ultraviolet detection (TUV) was developed for the pre-concentration and determination of triclosan (TCS),triclocarban (TCC) and methyl-triclosan (M-TCS) in water *** parameters that may affect extraction efficiencies were examined and optimized,including the types and amount of ionic liquids,volume of the diluent,heating temperature,cooling time,salt effect and pH *** the optimum conditions,linearity of the method was observed in the ranges of 0.0100-100 μgL-1 for TCS and M-TCS,and 0.00500-50.0 μgL-1 for TCC with correlation coefficients (r2. > *** limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 1.15 to 5.33 *** in domestic water and TCC in reclaimed water were detected at the concentrations of 1.01 and 0.12. μgL-1,*** spiked recoveries of the three target compounds in reclaimed water,irrigating water,waste water and domestic water samples were obtained in the ranges of 68.4%-71.9%,61.6%-87.8%,58.9%-74.9% and 64.9%-92.4%,*** with the previous dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME) about the determination of TCS,TCC and M-TCS,this method is not only more environmentally friendly but also more sensitive.

关键词： ionic liquid temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction UHPLC aqueous samples

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Effect of external and internal phosphate status on arsenic toxicity and accumulation in rice seedlings

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第3期21卷 346-351页

作者： WANG Lihong,DUAN Guilan research center for {2.-environmental sciences,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china [a]research center for {2.-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Phosphorus （P） deficiency is thought to exacerbate the arsenic （As） phytotoxicity in paddy rice. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of external phosphate supply on As accumulation in rice and its toxicity under phosphate deficiency conditions. Rice seedlings pretreated with a phosphorus deficient nutrient solution （-P） for 14 d accumulated more As than those pretreated with a normal phosphorus supply nutrient solution （＋P）. Rice protreated with -P showed As toxicity symptoms after being exposed to 50 μmol/L arsenate for 4 h, while ＋P rice did not show any toxicity symptoms. Arsenic toxicity symptoms can be alleviated by increasing external P concentrations. The arsenate uptake rate and accumulation corresponded with the As toxicity in rice plants. Arsenic concentrations in rice roots decreased with increasing external phosphate concentrations. The lowest As accumulation and the highest P accumulation were found when the external P concentration reached 100μmol/L. In short, P deficiency increased the sensitivity of rice to arsenate and increasing of external phosphate supply could alleviate As toxicity.

关键词： phosphorus arsenate arsenic toxicity arsenic accumulation rice seedlings

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Cleaning method of the oil field wastewater treatment by UF process

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第3期13卷 365-367页

作者： WANG Jing rong, Xu Cheng(research center for {2. environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china) research center for {2.-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China.

This article introduces experiments and researches of polysulphone ultrafiltration membrane's effect on oil field polluted water and approaches renewing oil field polluted water and approaches renewing of membrane's flux by different detergents and cleaning method. Good result has been achieved by doing experiments and the renewal rate of membrane is over 90%.

关键词： Detergents Membranes Oil fields Ultrafiltration Water pollution

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Dynamic analysis and assessment for sustainable development

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Journal of environmental sciences 2002年第1期14卷 88-94页

作者： SHI Xiao\|qing (Department of Systems ecology, research {2. for eco\|environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. ) Department of Systems ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The assessment of sustainable development is crucial for constituting sustainable development strategies. Assessment methods that exist so far usually only use an indicator system for making sustainable judgement. These indicators rarely reflect dynamic characteristics. However, sustainable development is influenced by changes in the social\|economic system and in the eco\|{2. system at different times. Besides the spatial character, sustainable development has a temporal character that can not be neglected; therefore the research system should also be dynamic. This paper focuses on this dynamic trait, so that the assessment results obtained provide more information for judgements in decision\|making processes. Firstly the dynamic characteristics of sustainable development are analyzed, which point to a track of sustainable development that is an upward undulating curve. According to the dynamic character and the development rules of a social, economic and ecological system, a flexible assessment approach that is based on tendency analysis, restrictive conditions and a feedback system is then proposed for sustainable development.

关键词： sustainable development assessment dynamic analysis

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In situ adsorption-catalysis system for the removal of o-xylene over an activated carbon supported Pd catalyst

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第7期21卷 985-990页

作者： HUANG Shaoyong, ZHANG Changbin, HE Hong research center for {2.-environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. [a]research center for {2.-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

An activated carbon （AC） supported Pd catalyst was used to develop a highly efficient in situ adsorption-catalysis system for the removal of low concentrations of o-xylene. In this study, three kinds of Pd/AC catalysts were prepared and tested to investigate the synergistic efficiency between adsorption and catalysis for o-xylene removal. The Pd/AC catalyst was first used as an adsorbent to concentrate dilute o-xylene at low temperature. After saturated adsorption, the adsorbed o-xylene was oxidized to CO2.and H2. by raising the temperature of the catalyst bed. The results showed that more than 99% of the adsorbed o-xylene was completely oxidized to CO2.over a 5% Pd/AC catalyst at 140℃. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, temperatureprogrammed desorption （TPD）, and temperature-programmed oxidation （TPO） were applied to investigate the physical properties of o-xylene adsorption-desorption and the in situ adsorption-catalysis activity of the AC support and Pd/AC catalyst. A synergistic relationship between the AC support and the active Pd species for the removal of low concentrations of o-xylene was established.

关键词： in situ adsorption-catalysis Pd/AC volatile organic compounds

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Adsorption-desorption behavior of acetochlor to soils in the presence of some environmental substances

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Journal of environmental sciences 2002年第2期14卷 269-276页

作者： YE Chang ming, LEI Zhi fang (research center for {2. environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. research center for {2.-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 Chin

The behavior of herbicide acetochlor adsorption desorption to soil in the presence of humic acid (HA), anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDAB) and NH 4NO 3 as a chemical fertilizer was studied. Observed acetochlor adsorption isotherm were well described using Freundlich isotherm equation, from which the desorption isotherm equation has been deduced. The deduced equation can more directly describe acetochlor desorption process. The results showed that the enhance of acetochlor adsorption capacity by solid HA was greater than by soluble HA. The presence of NH 4NO 3 can slightly enhance acetochlor adsorption to soil by comparison with that measured in NH 4NO 3 free solution. In soil water system, surfactant acetochlor interaction is very complex, and the surfactant adsorptions as well as acetochlor adsorption need to be considered. When acetochlor soil suspensions contained lower concentration SDBS or HDAB (40 mg/L), K f for acetochlor adsorption was decreased in comparison to that measured in SDBS or HDAB free solution. When acetochlor soil suspensions contained higher concentration SDBS or HDAB (corresponding 1400 mg/L or 2.0 mg/L), K f for acetochlor adsorption was increased in comparison to that measured in SDBS or HDAB free solution.

关键词： adsorption desorption acetochlor humic acid surfactants ammonium nitrate soil

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Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第5期21卷 647-653页

作者： HUANG Yizong, HU Ying, LIU Yunxia research center for {2.-environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. [a]research center for {2.-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Accumulations of copper （Cu） and cadmium （Cd） in six rice cultivars （94D-2., 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1, and KY1360） were evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination （100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu ＋ 1.0 mg/kg Cd） in a greenhouse. The dry weights of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0%, and 45.2. in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2. and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1, and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.

关键词： Cu Cd combined contamination soil uptake accumulation root surface iron plaques

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Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of chinese mainland

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Journal of environmental sciences 1993年第1期5卷 108-123页

作者： Kang Demeng and Chen Lidingresearch center for {2.-environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china research center for {2.-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. China

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.

关键词： nitrogen cycle: fluxes flux-rate reservoir-content of nitrogen dynamic pursuing model.

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A tool model for predicting atmospheric chemical kinetics with sensitivity analysis

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第1期13卷 79-86页

作者： SHEN Ji (research center for {2.\|environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china.E\|mail:shenji@***) research center for {2.-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. shenji@***

A package(a tool model) for program of predicting atmospheric chemical kinetics with sensitivity analysis is presented. The new direct method of calculating the first order sensitivity coefficients using sparse matrix technology to chemical kinetics is included in the tool model, it is only necessary to triangularize the matrix related to the Jacobian matrix of the model equation. The Gear type procedure is used to integrate a model equation and its coupled auxiliary sensitivity coefficient equations. The FORTRAN subroutines of the model equation, the sensitivity coefficient equations, and their Jacobian analytical expressions are generated automatically from a chemical mechanism. The kinetic representation for the model equation and its sensitivity coefficient equations, and their Jacobian matrix is presented. Various FORTRAN subroutines in packages, such as SLODE, modified MA2., Gear package, with which the program runs in conjunction are recommended. The photo\|oxidation of dimethyl disulfide is used for illustration.

关键词： atmospheric chemical model chemical kinetics sensitivity analysis

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Agro-ecological engineering in china: a way towards sustainable agriculture

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Journal of environmental sciences 2000年第4期12卷 422-429页

作者： LIU Guo\|hua, FU Bo\|jie (research center for {2. environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china) research center for {2.-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Sustainable development, as a “hot topic”, concerns not only economic development but also environmental protection. Agriculture, the base of other economic activities, has faced many difficulties that include over growth population, land decrease, and land degradation and so on. Therefore, how to increase the food supply, to meet the over\|growth population demands, is the main task all over the world at present, especially in the developing countries, such as china, but we also must protect agricultural environment for medium\| and long\|term development simultaneously. Hence, sustainable development in agriculture is the most important estate that we must concern. Its sustainable development determines the sustainability of other economic development to a great extent. Despite chinese government has paid much attention to develop agricultural production and obtained great successions, there are also many shortcomings in chinese agriculture. Therefore, china must seek new approaches for its development and environmental protection that suit local conditions and are based on local resources. Agro ecological engineering, the application of ecological engineering in agriculture, is very thriving in china in recent decades. In this paper, the ecological, economic and social benefits of agro\|ecological engineering are analyzed. The principles are discussed. The results indicated that agro\|ecological engineering can meet the farmer′s short\|, medium\| and long\|term benefits. In the meanwhile, it also concerns not only economic benefits but ecological and social benefits. Therefore, agro\|ecological engineering is a way that leads to sustainable agriculture in the future in china.

关键词： agro-ecological engineering sustainable agriculture sustainable development china

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