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An overview on biochar production, its implications, and mechanisms of biochar-induced amelioration of soil and plant characteristics

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Pedosphere 2022年第1期32卷 107-130页

作者： Fasih Ullah HAIDER Jeffrey ACOULTER Liqun CAI Saddam HUSSAIN Sardar Alam CHEEMA Jun WU renzhi zhang College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid-land Crop Science Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38040Pakistan

The degradation of soil fertility and quality due to rapid industrialization and human activities has stimulated interest in the rehabilitation of low-fertility soils to sustainably improve crop yield. In this regard, biochar has emerged as an effective multi-beneficial additive that can be used as a medium for the amelioration of soil properties and plant growth. The current review highlights the methods and conditions for biochar production and the effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type, and retention time on the physicochemical properties of biochar. We also discuss the impact of biochar as a soil amendment with respect to enhancing soil physical (e.g., surface area, porosity, ion exchange, and water-holding capacity) and chemical (e.g., pH, nutrient exchange,functional groups, and carbon sequestration) properties, improving the soil microbiome for increased plant nutrient uptake and growth, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, minimizing infectious diseases in plants, and facilitating the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The possible mechanisms for biochar-induced amelioration of soil and plant characteristics are also described, and we consider the challenges associated with biochar utilization. The findings discussed in this review support the feasibility of expending the application of biochar to improve degraded soils in industrial and saline-alkali regions, thereby increasing the usable amount of cultivated soil. Future research should include long-term field experiments and studies on biochar production and environmental risk management to optimize biochar performance for specific soil remediation purposes.

关键词： carbon sequestration crop yield pyrolysis soil amendment soil fertility soil remediation

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研发联盟、知识流动与企业数字技术创新

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北京师范大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第2期 142-153页

作者：张任之中国社会科学院工业经济研究所北京100006

随着数字技术的加速迭代,与不同创新主体组建研发联盟已成为企业实现数字技术创新突破的重要战略选择。研发联盟能够显著提升企业数字技术创新水平,并且联盟伙伴之间的技术距离越大、地理距离越小,研发联盟对企业数字技术创新的提升效... 详细信息

随着数字技术的加速迭代,与不同创新主体组建研发联盟已成为企业实现数字技术创新突破的重要战略选择。研发联盟能够显著提升企业数字技术创新水平,并且联盟伙伴之间的技术距离越大、地理距离越小,研发联盟对企业数字技术创新的提升效应越显著;促进联盟伙伴间的知识流动是研发联盟提升企业数字技术创新水平的重要作用机制;研发联盟对企业数字技术创新的影响效果在不同类型联盟和企业间存在异质性,即在产学研联盟、知识吸收能力较强的企业以及民营企业中的影响效果更为显著。

关键词：研发联盟企业数字技术创新知识流动联盟伙伴

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Multi-omics fusion analysis models with machine learning predict survival of HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: a multicenter prospective observational study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第7期136卷 863-865页

作者： Jiani Wang Yuwei Liu renzhi zhang Zhenyu Liu Zongbi Yi Xiuwen Guan Xinming Zhao Jingying Jiang Jie Tian Fei Ma Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Medicine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Diagnostic Radiology National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China

To the Editor:Oncology precision medicine aims to identify patientsmostlikely torespondeffectivelytotherapies.Efforts to establish a survival prediction model using a single platform have not yet met the precision med... 详细信息

关键词： breast HER2 prospective

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Nocturnal atmospheric chemistry of NO_(3) and N_(2)O_(5) over Changzhou in the Yangtze River Delta in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 376-390页

作者： Chuan Lin renzhi Hu Pinhua Xie Shengrong Lou Guoxian zhang Jinzhao Tong Jianguo Liu Wenqing Liu Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361000China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China

Comprehensive observations of the nocturnal atmospheric oxidation of NO_(3)and N_(2)O_(5)were conducted at a suburban site in Changzhou in the YRD using cavity ring-down spectroscopy(CRDS)from 27 May to 24 June,2019.High concentrations of NO_(3)precursors were observed,and the nocturnal production rate of NO_(3)was determined to be 1.7±1.2 ppbv/hr.However,the nighttime NO_(3)and N_(2)O_(5)concentrations were relatively low,with maximum values of 17.7 and 304.7 pptv,respectively,illustrating the rapid loss ofNO_(3)andN_(2)O_(5).Itwas found that NO_(3)dominated the nighttime atmospheric oxidation,accounting for 50.7%,whileO3 andOH only contributed 34.1%and 15.2%,respectively.For the reactions of NO_(3)with volatile organic compounds(VOCs),styrenewas found to account for 60.3%,highlighting its dominant role in the NO_(3)reactivity.In general,the contributions of the reactions between NO_(3)and VOCs and the N_(2)O_(5)uptake to NO_(3)losswere found to be about 39.5%and 60.5%,respectively,indicating that N_(2)O_(5)uptake also played an important role in the loss of NO_(3)and N_(2)O_(5),especially under the high humidity conditions in China.The formation of nitrate at night mainly originated from N_(2)O_(5)uptake,and the maximum production rate of NO_(3)^(-)reached 6.5 ppbv/hr.The average NOx consumption rate via NO_(3)and N_(2)O_(5)chemistry was found to be 0.4 ppbv/h,accounting for 47.9%of the total NO_(x)removal.The predominant roles of NO_(3)and N_(2)O_(5)in nitrate formation and NO_(x)removal in the YRD region was highlighted in this study.

关键词： Nitrate radical(NO_(3)) Dinitrogen pentoxide(N_(2)O_(5)) Cavity ring-down spectroscopy(CRDS) Styrene N_(2)O_(5)uptake Nighttime chemistry

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Adjusting the local solvation structures and hydrogen bonding networks for stable aqueous batteries with reduced cost

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 411-419页

作者： Canfu zhang Binbin Chen Haoran Cai renzhi Huang Yingchun Liu Huilin Pan Department of Chemistry Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina

Exploring low-cost and effective approaches to extend the potentials of aqueous electrolytes is highly desired.Herein,it is found that the activity of H_(2)O in aqueous electrolytes could be intensively manipulated by introducing small urea and long-chain polyethylene glycol(PEG)molecules into Li TFSI-H_(2)O electrolyte systems without super salt concentration.The urea and PEG molecules could exclude partial coordinated H_(2)O out of the inner solvation shell of Li_(4) and reconstruct hydrogen-bonding network between H_(2)O and PEG molecules outside the solvation sheaths with restricted H_(2)O activity and extended electrochemical window.The bonding competitions in aqueous electrolytes and their correlation to the electrochemical performance of full cells are studied.When the occurrence probability of H_(2)O around Li_(4)is lower than 40%,stable cycling of 3.1 V LiMn_(2)O_(4)-Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12) full cell is achieved,showing 73%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 C rate in optimal electrolytes.This work provides new avenues to understand the role of H_(2)O and explore low-cost and effective approaches for the development of nextgeneration aqueous lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： Solvation sheath H_(2)O activity Aqueous electrolytes Lithium-ion batteries

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The interphasial degradation of 4.2 V-class poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid batteries beyond electrochemical voltage limit

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第12期75卷 504-511,I0013页

作者： renzhi Huang Yang Ding Fenglin zhang Wei Jiang Canfu zhang Pengfei Yan Min Ling Huilin Pan Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina Department of Chemistry Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids Faculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina

Solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted increasing attention due to good interfacial contact,light weight,and easy manufacturing.However,the practical application of SPEs such as the most widely studied poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)in high-energy solid polymer batteries is still challenging,and the reasons are yet elusive.Here,it is found that the mismatch between PEO and 4.2 V-class cathodes is beyond the limited electrochemical window of PEO in the solid Li Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_(2)(NMC)-PEO batteries.The initial oxidation of PEO initiates remarkable surface reconstruction of NMC grains in solid batteries that are different from the situation in liquid electrolytes.Well-aligned nanovoids are observed in NMC grains during the diffusion of surface reconstruction layers towards the bulk in solid batteries.The substantial interphasial degradation,therefore,blocks smooth Li+transport across the NMC-PEO interface and causes performance degradation.A thin yet effective Li F-containing protection layer on NMC can effectively stabilize the NMC-PEO interface with a greatly improved lifespan of NMC|PEO|Li batteries.This work deepens the understanding of degradations in high-voltage solid-state polymer batteries.

关键词： Poly(ethylene oxide) Surface reconstruction Interphasial degradation High-energy solid polymer batteries

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Controllable fabrication and structure evolution of hierarchical 1T-MoS_(2) nanospheres for efficient hydrogen evolution

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第2期7卷 314-323页

作者： Huanran Li Xiaobo Han Suyu Jiang Lili zhang Wei Ma renzhi Ma Zhen Zhou Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha410083China International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics(MANA) National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)Namiki 1-1TsukubaIbaraki305-0044Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of New Energy Material ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300350China

The layered materials have demonstrated great prospects as cost-effective substitutes for precious electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction.Research efforts have been devoted to synthesizing highly conductive MoS_(2) with the substantial cardinal plane and edge active sites.Here,we successfully synthesized a hierarchical 1T/2H–MoS_(2) with sodium ion insertion via a facile hydrothermal method.The contents of the 1T-phase can be flexibly controlled by different hydrothermal temperatures(160 ~ 200°C).And the modified uniformly dispersed 1T/2H–MoS_(2) nanospheres with different d spacings were designed to enhance the electrocatalytic efficiency by adding SiO_(2) and through the ion exchange process of Na OH and HF solution.The as-synthesized Na+intercalated 1T-MoS_(2) nanosphere with an expanded interlayer of 0.95 nm obtained at 160°C exhibits a prominent electrocatalytic performance of hydrogen evolution reaction with a comparable overpotential of 255 m V and a remarkably small Tafel slope of 44 m V/decade.Therefore,this study provides a facile and controllable strategy to yield interlayerexpanded 1T-MoS_(2) nanospheres,making it a potentially competitive hydrogen evolution catalyst for the hydrogen cell.

关键词： evolution hydrogen spheres

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Microcrystallization and lattice contraction of NiFe LDHs for enhancing water electrocatalytic oxidation

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Carbon Energy 2022年第5期4卷 901-913页

作者： Zhicheng Zheng Dan Wu Gen Chen Ning zhang Hao Wan Xiaohe Liu renzhi Ma State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy School of Materials Science and EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanPR China School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPR China International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics(WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)IbarakiJapan

The lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism is considered as a reasonable mechanism for the electrochemical catalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)of NiFe layered double hydroxides(LDHs).A NiFe LDH with distinct lattice contraction and microcrystallization was synthesized via a simple one-step method using sodium gluconate.The lattice contraction is attributed to the interaction of carbon in sodium gluconate and iron in NiFe LDH.The NiFe LDH with optimized microcrystallization and lattice contraction shows a low overpotential of 217 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) and excellent durability of 20 h at a high current density of 100 mA cm^(−2).The results revealed that a contractive metal–oxygen bond could boost the intrinsic activity of active sites and the microcrystallization promotes an increase in the number of active sites in terms of unit area.The chemical environment of oxygen elemental characterization and resistance at different chronopotentiometry times confirm that the lattice oxygen element is indeed involved in the process of OER,supporting the lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism of NiFe LDH.Density functional theory calculations reveal that contractive metal–oxygen bonds induced a reduction of the adsorption energy barrier of intermediate products,thus improving the intrinsic catalytic activity.The special characteristics of microcrystallization and lattice contraction of NiFe LDH provide a strategy to improve both the number and the intrinsic activity of active sites in a versatile manner.

关键词： lattice contraction lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism microcrystallization NiFe LDH oxygen evolution reaction

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Anchoring Active Sites by Pt_(2)FeNi Alloy Nanoparticles on NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第1期5卷 270-277页

作者： Zhicheng Zheng Yanru Guo Hao Wan Gen Chen Ning zhang Wei Ma Xiaohe Liu Shuquan Liang renzhi Ma School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)

Strategy of anchoring alloy nanoparticles made up of the efficient catalytic element(e.g.,Ni,Fe)on dodecyl sulfate(DS^(-))-intercalated NiFe layered double hydroxides(DS^(-)-NiFe LDH)obtained by a convenient one-step hydrothermal coprecipitation method for essentially enhancing oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance was proposed.The results of structural characterization indicate Pt_(2)FeNi alloy nanoparticles evenly distribute on the surface of DS^(-)-NiFe LDH.The sizes of the Pt_(2)FeNi nanoparticles,closely related to their OER performance,could be wellcontrolled by adjusting the amount of H;PtCl;addition.The composite structure of as-prepared product was stable during processes of synthesis,exfoliation,self-assembly,and subsequent electrocatalytic OER.Rigorous electrochemical test proving the contributing catalytic active sites was located at the interface between Pt_(2)FeNi and DS^(-)-NiFe LDH,and the Ni and Fe were the major active elements while O atoms are adsorption sites.The formation of Pt_(2)FeNi nanoparticles could greatly prompt the reduction of Tafel slope.The best-performing Pt_(2)FeNi/DS^(-)-NiFe LDH with a Pt content of 0.98 wt%achieved low overpotential of 204 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and 262 mV at 50 mA cm^(-2).This work provides a convenient and effective strategy to create additional active sites for enhancing OER performance of NiFe LDH and make contribution to its wide application.

关键词： electrocatalysis NiFe Layered double hydroxides oxygen evolution reaction Pt_(2)FeNi nanoparticles

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Highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene by rutile-anatase TiO2@MIL-101 composite with two heterojunctions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第12期134卷 21-33页

作者： Xiaodong zhang Ziqiao Zhu renzhi Rao Jinfeng Chen Xiwen Han Shuntong Jiang Yiqiong Yang Yuxin Wang Lu Wang School of Environment and Architecture University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Institute of Applied Biotechnology Taizhou Vocation and Technical CollegeTaizhou 318000China Public Experiment Center University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

The construction of heterophase junctions by rutile-anatase TiO2is considered an effective strategy for toluene degradation, but the photogenerated electron utilization is still insufficient. In this study, the formation of type-II heterojunction by the encapsulation of Materials of Institut Lavoisier(MIL-101) by anatase is performed, and then the heterophase junction is further constructed to improve the catalytic performance of the photocatalyst.The enhancement of photocatalytic performance depends on the encapsulation of MIL-101by anatase, the light absorption capacity of anatase, and the contact area of two heterojunctions. Photogenerated electrons are transferred to oxygen vacancies of anatase and promoting the generation of oxygen-containing radicals. The material certifies the synergistic effect of the heterophase junction and heterojunction design and provides a theoretical basis for application in the degradation of volatile organic compounds.

关键词： Heterophase junction Type-II heterojunction Synergistic effect Oxygen vacancies Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)

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