An overview on biochar production, its implications, and mechanisms of biochar-induced amelioration of soil and plant characteristics

作     者：Fasih Ullah HAIDER Jeffrey ACOULTER Liqun CAI Saddam HUSSAIN Sardar Alam CHEEMA Jun WU Renzhi ZHANG Fasih Ullah HAIDER;Jeffrey A.COULTER;Liqun CAI;Saddam HUSSAIN;Sardar Alam CHEEMA;Jun WU;Renzhi ZHANG

作者机构：College of Resources and Environmental SciencesGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid-land Crop ScienceGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Department of Agronomy and Plant GeneticsUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of AgronomyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38040Pakistan 

出 版 物：《Pedosphere》 (土壤圈（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第32卷第1期

页      面：107-130页

核心收录：

学科分类：082802[工学-农业水土工程] 08[工学] 0828[工学-农业工程] 

基　　金：Provincial Government of Gansu  China 

主　　题：carbon sequestration crop yield pyrolysis soil amendment soil fertility soil remediation 

摘      要：The degradation of soil fertility and quality due to rapid industrialization and human activities has stimulated interest in the rehabilitation of low-fertility soils to sustainably improve crop yield. In this regard, biochar has emerged as an effective multi-beneficial additive that can be used as a medium for the amelioration of soil properties and plant growth. The current review highlights the methods and conditions for biochar production and the effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type, and retention time on the physicochemical properties of biochar. We also discuss the impact of biochar as a soil amendment with respect to enhancing soil physical (e.g., surface area, porosity, ion exchange, and water-holding capacity) and chemical (e.g., pH, nutrient exchange,functional groups, and carbon sequestration) properties, improving the soil microbiome for increased plant nutrient uptake and growth, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, minimizing infectious diseases in plants, and facilitating the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The possible mechanisms for biochar-induced amelioration of soil and plant characteristics are also described, and we consider the challenges associated with biochar utilization. The findings discussed in this review support the feasibility of expending the application of biochar to improve degraded soils in industrial and saline-alkali regions, thereby increasing the usable amount of cultivated soil. Future research should include long-term field experiments and studies on biochar production and environmental risk management to optimize biochar performance for specific soil remediation purposes.