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Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China:A plant-level and technology-specific study

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第4期20卷 123-130页

作者： Haiyan Li Liangfang You he Du Bowen Yu Lu Lu Bo Zheng Qiang zhang Kebin he Nanqi ren School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and EcologyTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Wastewater treatment is an important source of greenhouse gases(GHGs).Yet large uncertainties remain in the quantification of GHG emissions from municipal wastewater treatment plants(MWWTPs)in China.A high-resolution and technology-specific emission inventory is still lacking to support mitigation strategies of *** we develop a plant-level and technology-based MWWTP emission inventory for China covering 8703 plants and 19 treatment technology categories by compiling and harmonizing the most up-to-date facility-level ***'s methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions from MWWTPs in 2020 are estimated to be 150.6 Gg and 22.0 Gg,respectively,with the uncertainty range of-30%to 37%and-30%to 26%at 95%confidence *** find an emission inequality across cities,with the richest cities emitting two times more CH_(4)and N_(2)O per capita from municipal wastewater treatment than the poorest *** emitted CH_(4)and N_(2)O are dominated by Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic-,Sequencing Batch Reactor-,Oxidation Ditch-,and Anoxic/Oxic-based MWWTPs of less than 20 years *** the relatively young age structure of China's MWWTPs,the committed emissions highlight the importance of reducing on-site GHG emissions by optimization of operating conditions and innovation *** emission differences among our estimates,previous studies,and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines are largely attributed to the uncertainties in emission factors,implying the urgent need for more plant-integrated measurements to improve the accuracy of emission accounting.

关键词： Methane Nitrous oxide Emissions Municipal wastewater treatment plants

Nanomaterial‑Based Repurposing of Macrophage Metabolism and Its Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 494-528页

作者： Tingting Meng Danfeng he Zhuolei Han Rong Shi Yuhan Wang Bibo ren Cheng zhang Zhengwei Mao Gaoxing Luo Jun Den Institute of Burn Research Southwest HospitalState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400038People’s Republic of China Department of Breast Surgery Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouGansu 730030People’s Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Macrophage immunotherapy represents an emerging therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the immune response to alleviate disease ***(NMs)have been engineered to monitor macrophage metabolism,enabling the evaluation of disease progression and the replication of intricate physiological signal *** achieve this either directly or by delivering regulatory signals,thereby mapping phenotype to effector functions through metabolic repurposing to customize macrophage fate for ***,a comprehensive summary regarding NM-mediated macrophage visualization and coordinated metabolic rewiring to maintain phenotypic equilibrium is currently *** review aims to address this gap by outlining recent advancements in NM-based metabolic *** initially explore the relationship between metabolism,polarization,and disease,before delving into recent NM innovations that visualize macrophage activity to elucidate disease onset and fine-tune its fate through metabolic remodeling for macrophage-centered ***,we discuss the prospects and challenges of NM-mediated metabolic immunotherapy,aiming to accelerate clinical *** anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to leverage novel metabolic intervention-matched immunomodulators in macrophages or other fields of immune engineering.

关键词： Immunomodulatory nanomaterial Macrophage polarization Macrophage metabolic reprogramming Immune engineering

Unraveling the role of iron on Ni-Fe alloy nanoparticles during the electrocatalytic ethanol-to-acetate process

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2328-2336页

作者： Junshan Li Luming Li Xinyu Ma Jun Wang Jun Zhao Yu zhang ren he Yaoyue Yang Andreu Cabot Yongfa Zhu Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu University610106 ChengduChina State Key Laboratory of Environmental-Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China College of Food and Biological Engineering Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China School of Chemistry and Environment Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface College of ScienceHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018China Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC Sant Adriàde BesòsBarcelona 08930CataloniaSpain ICREA Pg.Lluís Companys 23Barcelona 08010CataloniaSpain Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The anodic electrooxidation of ethanol to value-added acetate is an excellent example of replacing the oxygen evolution reaction to promote the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction and save ***,we present a colloidal strategy to produce Ni-Fe bimetallic alloy nanoparticles(NPs)as efficient electrocatalysts for the electrooxidation of ethanol in alkaline ***-Fe alloy NPs deliver a current density of 100 mA·cm^(-2) in a 1.0 M KOH solution containing 1.0 M ethanol merely at 1.5 V *** hydrogen electrode(Rhe),well above the performance of other electrocatalysts in a similar *** continuous 10 h testing at this external potential,this electrode is able to produce an average of 0.49 mmol·cm^(-2)·h^(-1) of acetate with an ethanol-to-acetate Faradaic efficiency of 80%.A series of spectroscopy techniques are used to probe the electrocatalytic process and analyze the ***,density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that the iron in the alloy NPs significantly enhances the electroconductivity and electron transfer,shifts the rate-limiting step,and lowers the energy barrier during the ethanol-to-acetate reaction pathway.

关键词： electrocatalysis ethanol oxidation reaction alloy nanoparticle acetate biorefinery

Evolution Mechanism of Carbon Covalent Bond during Coal Activation Using Mixed Atmosphere of H_(2)O and CO_(2)

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第5期33卷 1961-1973页

作者： WANG Mingyue zhang Siyuan HAN Shaobo zhang Chi ren Qiangqiang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Adequate destruction of the aromatic structure in coal is key to further reducing the emission of *** this research,activation reactions of Shenmu coal powder were carried out in a vertical tube *** study investigated the evolution mechanism of carbon covalent bonds during the activation process by altering the ratio of H_(2)O to CO_(2)in the activation *** theoretical validation was conducted through density functional *** two gas molecules follow different pathways to increase the reactivity of ***_(2)mainly participates in the cross-linking reaction by intensifying branching,while H_(2)O and char have lower adsorption energy barriers and are more likely to generate oxygen-containing functional *** molecules partially compete for active sites in a mixed gas atmosphere,but there is a synergism between the two *** synergism can be attributed to two *** inclusion of H_(2)O mitigates the generation of five-membered rings to a limited extent,while concurrently enhances the development of oxygen-containing functional *** oxygen-containing functional groups can effectively diminish the adsorption energy barrier associated with the interaction between gas molecules and char,consequently leading to a reduction in the energy demand for subsequent bond cleavage.

关键词： activation reaction carbon structure char CO_(2)/H_(2)O atmosphere density functional theory

Improved Subsynchronous Oscillation Parameter Identification with Synchrophasor Based on Matrix Pencil Method in Power Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 22-33页

作者： Xiaoxue zhang Fang zhang Wenzhong Gao Jinghan he the School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of DenverDenverUSA

The subsynchronous oscillations(SSOs)related to renewable generation seriously affect the stability and safety of the power *** realize the dynamic monitoring of SSOs by utilizing the high computational efficiency and noise-resilient features of the matrix pencil method(MPM),this paper propos es an improved MPM-based parameter identification with syn *** MPM is enhanced by the angular frequency fitting equations based on the characteristic polynomial coeffi cients of the matrix pencil to ensure the accuracy of the identi fied parameters,since the existing eigenvalue solution of the MPM ignores the angular frequency conjugation constraints of the two fundamental modes and two oscillation ***,the identification and recovery of bad data are proposed by uti lizing the difference in temporal continuity of the synchropha sors before and after noise *** proposed parameter identification is verified with synthetic,simulated,and actual measured phase measurement unit(PMU)*** with the existing MPM,the improved MPM achieves better accuracy for parameter identification of each component in SSOs,better real-time performance,and significantly reduces the effect of bad data.

关键词： Subsynchronous oscillations(SSOs) synchrophasor parameter identification matrix pencil method bad data

Meta-path reasoning of knowledge graph for commonsense question answering

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第1期18卷 49-59页

作者： Miao zhang Tingting he Ming DONG National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Smart Learning Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China National Language Resources Monitoring&Research Center for Network Media Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Computer Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China

Commonsense question answering(CQA)requires understanding and reasoning over QA context and related commonsense knowledge,such as a structured Knowledge Graph(KG).Existing studies combine language models and graph neural networks to model ***,traditional knowledge graph are mostly concept-based,ignoring direct path evidence necessary for accurate *** this paper,we propose MRGNN(Meta-path Reasoning Graph Neural Network),a novel model that comprehensively captures sequential semantic information from concepts and *** MRGNN,meta-paths are introduced as direct inference evidence and an original graph neural network is adopted to aggregate features from both concepts and paths *** conduct sufficient experiments on the CommonsenceQA and OpenBookQA datasets,showing the effectiveness of ***,we conduct further ablation experiments and explain the reasoning behavior through the case study.

关键词： question answering knowledge graph graph neural network meta-path reasoning

Chien-physics-informed neural networks for solving singularly perturbed boundary-layer problems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第9期45卷 1467-1480页

作者： Long WANG Lei zhang Guowei he The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

A physics-informed neural network(PINN)is a powerful tool for solving differential equations in solid and fluid ***,it suffers from singularly perturbed boundary-layer problems in which there exist sharp changes caused by a small perturbation parameter multiplying the highest-order *** this paper,we introduce Chien's composite expansion method into PINNs,and propose a novel architecture for the PINNs,namely,the Chien-PINN(C-PINN)*** novel PINN method is validated by singularly perturbed differential equations,and successfully solves the wellknown thin plate bending *** particular,no cumbersome matching conditions are needed for the C-PINN method,compared with the previous studies based on matched asymptotic expansions.

关键词： physics-informed neural network(PINN) singular perturbation boundarylayer problem composite asymptotic expansion

A method for detecting two-dimensional plane stress distribution in basin-type insulator based on critically refracted longitudinal wave

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 105-116页

作者： Zhaoyang Kang Fuqiang ren Hongru zhang Jingjing Yang Kaining Hou Qingquan Li Dongxin he Hongshun Liu Yongzhi Zhao Huaxin Wen Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of UHV Transmission Technology and Equipment School of Electrical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinanChina Shandong Electrical Engineering&Equipment Group Co.Ltd JinanChina SDEE Hitachi High-voltage Switchgear Co. LtdJinanChina

Basin-type insulator often has small cracks due to stress *** current method cannot accurately reflect the stress condition of the insulator to find the stress concentration *** solve these problems,a method for detecting two-dimensional plane stress(δ_(1) andδ_(2))within different depth ranges in a basin-type insulator is proposed based on critically refracted longitudinal(LCR)***,the acoustoelastic equation characterising the relationship between the variation of LCR wave propagation time and the plane stress was ***,the propagation characteristics of LCR wave in epoxy resin samples were ***,the stress distribution within different depth ranges of the insulator subjected to hydraulic load was measured using the proposed method,including direction(θ),δ_(1) andδ_(2).The results show that the magnitude of the stress alone cannot accurately characterise the stress *** with equal distances to the centre have similar stress magnitudes,but their directions are not the *** increasing depth,θremains essentially unchanged at the same location,whileδ1 andδ2 decrease,and the rate of decrease varies at different *** the measured and simulated data,the results showed that they were in good agreement,and the maximum errors of stress value andθwere 0.69 MPa and 2.97°,respectively,which confirmed the feasibility and accuracy of the stress detection in the proposed method.

关键词： stress insulator wave

Review on Security Defense Technology Research in Edge Computing Environment

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 1-18页

作者： Ke SHANG Weizhen he Shuai zhang National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological R&D Center

Edge computing, which achieves quick data processing by sinking data computing and storage to the network edge, has grown rapidly along with the Internet of things. The new network architecture of edge computing brings new security challenges. Based on this, this paper investigates the edge computing security literature published in recent years and summarizes and analyzes research work on edge computing security from different attack surfaces. We start with the definition and architecture of edge computing. From the attack surface between device and edge server, as well as on edge servers, the research describes the security threats and defense methods of edge computing. In addition, the cause of the attack and the pros and cons of defense methods is introduced. The challenges and future research directions of edge computing are given.

关键词： Cloud computing Systems architecture Computer architecture Network architecture Data processing Security Servers