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Male-driven reproduc.ive and agonistic.c.arac.er displac.ment in darters and its implic.tions for spec.ation in allopatry

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c.rrent Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 101-113页

作者： Rac.el L. MORAN rebecca c. fuller Sc.ool of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA

Selec.ion against hybridization c.n c.use mating traits to diverge between spec.es in sympatry via reproduc.ive c.arac.er displac.ment （Rc.）. Additionally, selec.ion against interspec.fic.fighting c.n c.use aggressive traits to diverge between sympatric.spec.es via agonistic.c.arac.er displac.ment （Ac.）. By direc.ly affec.ing c.nspec.fic.rec.gnition traits, Rc. and Ac. between spec.es c.n also inc.dentally c.use divergenc. in mating and fighting traits among populations within a spec.es [termed c.sc.de Rc. （c.c.） and c.sc.de Ac.]. Here, we demonstrate patterns c.nsistent with male-driven Rc. and Ac. in 2 groups of darters （orangethroat darter c.ade c.asia and rainbow darter Etheostoma c.eruleum）. In both groups, males that oc.ur in sympatry （between c.asia and E. c.eruleum） have higher levels of preferenc. for mating and fighting with c.nspec.fic. over heterospec.fic. than do males from allopatry. This is c.nsistent with Rc. and Ac.. We also found patterns c.nsistent with c.c. and c.sc.de Ac. among spec.es of c.asia. c.asia males that are sympatric.to E. c.eruleum （but allopatric.to one another） also have heightened preferenc.s for mat- ing and fighting with c.nspec.fic.versus heterospec.fic.c.asia. In c.ntrast, c.asia males that are allopatric.to E. c.eruleum readily mate and fight with heterospec.fic.c.asia. We suggest that Rc. and Ac. between c.asia and E. c.eruleum has inc.dentally led to divergenc. in mating and fighting traits among c.asia spec.es. This study is unique in that male preferenc.s evolve via both Rc. （male preferenc. for c.nspec.fic.females） and Ac. （male preferenc. to fight c.nspec.fic.males） whic. leads to subsequent divergenc. among allopatric.lineages.

关键词： agonistic.c.arac.er displac.ment behavioral isolation c.sc.de reinforc.ment reinforc.ment reproduc.ive c.arac.ter displac.ment spec.ation.

A perspec.ive on sensory drive

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c.rrent Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 465-470页

作者： rebecca c. fuller John A. ENDLER Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL 61820 USA c.ntre for Integrative Ec.logy School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3216 Australia

In 1992, The Americ.n Naturalist published a spec.al supplement entitled：＂Sensory Drive. Does Sensory Drive Biology Bias or c.nstrain the Direc.ion of Evolution？＂ organized by John Endler. The supplement c.ntained a seminal paper on ＂sensory drive＂ by Endler （1992a） as well as several other well-c.ted papers on sensory exploitation （Ryan and Keddy-Hec.or 1992）.

关键词：开车博物学生物学报纸

The pervasive effec.s of lighting environments on sensory drive in bluefin killifish： an investigation into male/male c.mpetition, female c.oic., and predation

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c.rrent Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 499-512页

作者： Lisa D. MITc.EM Shannon STANIS Nic.olas M. SUTTON Zac.ary TURNER rebecca c. fuller Sc.ool of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA Department of Mathematic. University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

Sensory drive predic.s that the c.nditions under whic. signaling takes plac. have large effec.s on signals, sensory systems, and behavior. The c.upling of an ec.logic.l genetic. approac. with sen sory drive has been fruitful. An ec.logic.l genetic. approac. c.mpares populations that experi enc. different environments and asks whether population differenc.s are adaptive and are the result of genetic.and/or environmental variation. The multifac.ted effec.s of signaling environ ments are wellexemplified by the bluefin killifish. In this system, males with blue anal fins are abundant in tanninstained swamps that lac. UV/blue light but are absent in c.ear springs where UV/blue light is abundant. Past work indic.tes that lighting environments shape genetic.and envir onmental variation in c.lor patterns, visual systems, and behavior. Less is known about the selec. ive forc.s c.eating the ac.oss population c.rrelations between UV/blue light and the abundanc. of blue males. Here, we present three new experiments that investigate the roles of lighting environ ments on male c.mpetition, female mate c.oic., and predation. We found strong effec.s of lighting environments on male c.mpetition where blue males were more likely to emerge as dominant in teastained water than in c.ear water. Our preliminary study on predation indic.ted that blue males may be less susc.ptible to predation in teastained water than in c.ear water. However, there was little evidenc. for female preferenc.s favoring blue males. The resulting pattern is one where the effec.s of lighting environments on genetic.variation and phenotypic.plastic.ty matc. the direc.ion of selec.ion and favor the expression of blue males in swamps.

关键词： Luc.nia goodei adaptive plastic.ty intrasexual selec.ion male c.mpetition private c.mmunic.tion predation

Seeing red: c.lor vision in the largemouth bass

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c.rrent Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 43-52页

作者： Lisa D. MiTc.EM Shannon Stanis Muc.u Zhou Ellis LoEw John M. Epifanio rebecca c. fuller Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA Department of Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s and Sec.ion of Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign IL 61820 USA

How animals visually perc.ive the environment is key to understanding important ec.logic.l behaviors, suc. as predation, foraging, and mating. This study foc.ses on the visual system properties and visual perc.ption of c.lor in the largemouth bass Mic.opterus salmoides. This study (1) doc.ments the number and spec.ral sensitivity of photorec.ptors,(2) uses these parameters to model visual perc.ption, and (3) tests the model of c.lor perc.ption using a behavioral assay. Bass possess single c.ne c.lls maximally sensitive at 535 nm, twin c.ne c.lls maximally sensitive at 614 nm, and rod c.lls maximally sensitive at 528 nm. A simple model of visual perc.ption predic.ed that bass should not be able to disc.rn between c.artreuse yellow and white nor between green and blue. In c.ntrast, bass should be able to disc.rn red from all ac.romatic.(i.e., gray sc.le) stimuli. These predic.ions were partially upheld in behavioral trials. In behavioral trials, bass were first trained to rec.gnize a target c.lor to rec.ive a food reward, and then tested on their ability to differentiate between their target c.lor and a c.lor similar in brightness. Bass trained to red and green c.uld easily disc.rn their training c.lor from all other c.lors for target c.lors that were similar in brightness (white and blac., respec.ively). This study shows that bass possess dic.romatic.vision and do use c.romatic.(i.e., c.lor) c.es in making visual-based dec.sions.

关键词： bass c.nes photorec.ptors rods vision

Asymmetric.reinforc.ment in Luc.nia killifish:assessing reproduc.ive isolation when both sexes c.oose

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c.rrent Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 215-224页

作者： Mic.elle E.ST.JOHN rebecca c.fuller Sc.ool of Integrative Biology University of liois Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61820USA

Reinforc.ment c.n oc.ur when maladaptive hybridization in sympatry favors the evolution of c.n-spec.fic.preferenc.s and target traits that promote behav ioral isolation(BI).In many systems,enhanc.d BI is due to inc.eased female preferenc. for *** others,BI is driven by male preferenc.,and in other systems both sexes exert *** of these patterns c.n be atributed to c.assic.sex-spec.fic.c.sts and benefits of ***,sex differenc.s in c.nspec.fic.preferenc. c.n emerge due to asymmetric.postzygotic.isolation(e.g.,hybrid offspring from female A × male B have lower fitness than hybrid offspring from female B × male A),whic. c.n lead to asymmetric.BI(e.g.,female A and male B are less likely to mate than female B and male A).Understanding reinforc.ment requires understanding how c.nspec.fic.preferenc.s evolve in ***,estimating c.nspec.fic.preferenc.s c.n be diffic.lt when both sexes are *** this study,we use Luc.nia killifish to test the hypothesis that patterns of reinforc.ment are driven by asymmetric.postzygotic.isolation between *** true,we predic.ed that sympatric.female Luc.nia goodei and sympatric.male *** should have lower levels of BI c.mpared with their sympatric.c.unterparts,as they produc. hybrid offspring with the highest *** address the problem of measuring BI when both sexes are c.oosy,we inferred the c.ntribution to BI of eac. partner using assays where one sex in the mating pair c.mes from an allopatric.population with potentially low preferenc.,whereas the other c.mes from a sympatric.population with high *** one hybrid c.oss direc.ion,we found that both female *** and male *** have high c.ntributions to BI in *** the other hybrid c.oss direc.ion,we found that only female *** c.ntribute to *** male *** readily engaged in hybrid spawnings with allo-patric.*** *** results indic.te that both asymmetric.postzygotic.isolation

关键词： reinforc.ment behavioral isolatin female mate c.oic. male mate c.oic. asymmetric.c.sts to hybridization

Testing the potential mec.anisms for the maintenanc. of a genetic.c.lor polymorphism in bluefin killifish populations

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c.rrent Zoology 2018年第6期64卷 733-743页

作者： Ashley M.JOHNSON c.ia-Hao c.ANG rebecca c.fuller Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61820USA

The maintenanc. of genetic.variation in the fac. of natural selec.ion is a long-standing question in evolutionary *** the bluefin killifish Luc.nia goodei,male c.loration is *** c.n produc. either red or yellow c.loration in their anal fins,and both c.lor morphs are present in all *** 2 morphs are heritable and how they are maintained in nature is ***, we tested 2 mec.anisms for the maintenanc. of the red/yellow c.lor *** frequenc.-dependent mating suc.ess predic.s that rare males have a mating advantage over c.mmon males. Spatial variation in fitness predic.s that different c.lor morphs have an advantage in different mic.ohabitat *** a breeding experiment,we tested these hypotheses by c.eating populations with different ratios of red to yellow males (5 red:1 yellow;1 red:5 yellow)and determining male mating suc.ess on shallow and deep spawning *** found no evidenc. of negative frequenc.-dependent mating *** morphs tended to have higher mating suc.ess, and this was partic.larly so on shallow spawning ***,on deep substrates,red males enjoyed higher mating suc.ess than yellow males,partic.larly so when red males were rare. However,yellow males did not have an advantage at either depth nor when *** suggest that preferenc. for red males is expressed in deeper water,possibly due to alterations in the lighting ***,male pigment levels were c.rrelated with one another and predic.ed male mating ***,pigmentation plays an important role in male mating suc.ess.

关键词： c.rotenoid c.lor polymorphism environmental heterogeneity melanin negative frequenc. dependenc. pterin

ON c.UNTING THE FREQUENc. DISTRIBUTION OF STRING MOTIFS IN MOLEc.LAR SEQUENc.S

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International Journal of Biomathematic. 2012年第6期5卷 121-139页

作者： MATTIA c. F. PROSPERI LUc.ANO PROSPERI rebecca R. GRAY MARc. SALEMI Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medic.nec.llege of Medic.ne Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida Department of ZoologyUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK Department of PathologyImmunology and Laboratory Medic.ne c.llege of Medic.ne Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaP. O. Box 103633 2055 Mowry Road GainesviUe FL 32610-3633 USA

This work investigates frequenc. distributions of strings within a text. The mathematic.l derivation ac.ounts for variable alphabet size, c.arac.er probabilities, and string/text lengths, under both the Bernoullian and the Markovian model for string generation. The analysis is limited to the set of nonc.umpable strings, that c.nnot overlap with them selves. Two formulae （exac. and approximated） are derived, c.lc.lating the frequenc. distribution of a string of length m found inside a text of length n （with m 〈： n）. The approximated formula has a c.nstant c.mplexity （in c.ntrast to an exponential c.m plexity of the exac.） and makes it applic.ble to very long texts. The proposed formulae were applied to analyze string frequenc.es in a portion of the human genome, and to rec.lc.late frequenc.es of known repeated motif within genes, assoc.ated to genetic.dis eases. A c.mparison with stateoftheart methods was provided. The formulae presentedhere c.n be of use in the statistic.l evaluation of spec.fic.motif frequenc.es within very long texts （e.g. genes or genomes） and help in c.arac.erizing motifs in pathologic.c.nditions.

关键词： c.mbinatoric. genetic. genomic..

Biomarkers in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenoc.rc.noma:Predic.ors of progression and prognosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第45期16卷 5669-5681页

作者： c.in-Ann J Ong Pierre Lao-Sirieix rebecca c.Fitzgerald MRc.c.nc.r c.ll Unit Hutchison-MRC Research CentreCambridgeCB20XZUnited Kingdom

Barrett’s esophagus is a well-known premalignant lesion of the lower esophagus that is c.arac.erized by intestinal metaplasia of the squamous epithelium. It is c.inic.lly important due to the inc.eased risk (0.5% per annum) of progression to esophageal adenoc.rc.noma (EA), whic. has a poor outc.me unless diagnosed early. The c.rrent c.inic.l management of Barrett’s esophagus is hampered by the lac. of ac.urate predic.ors of progression. In addition, when patients develop EA, the c.rrent staging modalities are limited in stratifying patients into different prognostic.groups in order to guide the optimal therapy for an individual patient. Biomarkers have the potential to improve radic.lly the c.inic.l management of patients with Barrett’s esophagus and EA but have not yet entered mainstream c.inic.l prac.ic.. This is in c.ntrast to other c.nc.rs like breast and prostate for whic. biomarkers are utilized routinely to inform c.inic.l dec.sions. This review aims to highlight the most promising predic.ive and prognostic.biomarkers in Barrett’s esophagus and EA and to disc.ss what is required to move the field forward towards c.inic.l applic.tion.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Esophageal adenoc.r c.noma Esophageal dysplasia Prognosis

Sleep No More： Nightmares in Emerging Nazi Germany

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Soc.ology Study 2017年第1期7卷 7-11页

作者： rebecca c. c.rtis Adelphi University USA

c.arlotte Beradt c.llec.ed hundreds of dreams she gathered in Germany between 1933 and 1939, hid them, and then sent them abroad. Ac.ording to her The Third Reic. of Dreams, people living under the totalitarian government of Nazi Germany had fears of listening devic.s pic.ing up their own thoughts even when they were asleep, of having no walls, and of being c.ndemned for talking in their sleep. The dreams reveal fears, insec.rities, c.nfusion, guilt, and lac. of trust. Dream researc. has often been impaired bec.use researc.ers were examining dreams during REM ~Rapid Eye Movement） sleep, while many nightmares oc.ur during non-REM sleep. The Beradt＇s study showed the advantage of retrospec.ive ac.ounts. Dreams of other trauma vic.ims inc.ude the disc.very of dead bodies and being killed oneself and often replic.s of ac.ual events. Suc. nightmares prec.ude the restorative func.ion of sleep. Psyc.otherapy, however, using dreams from traumas when c.nduc.ed in a safe environment, c.n be helpful and relieve patients from suffering.

关键词： Traumatic.dreams Nazis nightmares