Reconciling concepts, theory, and empirical patterns surrounding cascade reinforcement

作     者：Rebecca C. FULLER 

作者机构：Department of Animal Biology University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA 

出 版 物：《Current Zoology》 (动物学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2016年第62卷第2期

页      面：131-134页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 081702[工学-化学工艺] 08[工学] 0817[工学-化学工程与技术] 081402[工学-结构工程] 0814[工学-土木工程] 

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 

主　　题：调和 加固 梯级 

摘      要：Reinforcement is a critically important process in speciation. It has been credited with often completing speciation, and it is unique in that natural selection directly favors the evolution of reproductive isolating barriers. Reinforcement occurs when selection favors increased prezygotic isolation between two lineages in order to avoid maladaptive hybridization in areas of sympatry (Noor 1999; Servedio and Noor 2003; Coyne and Orr 2004). The classic signature of reinforcement is reproductive character displacement (RCD), where prezygotic isolation is heightened between two lineages in areas of sympatry relative to areas of allopatry. Reinforcement was once considered controversial primarily due to theoretical difficulties (Felsenstein 1981; Spencer et al. 1986; reviewed in Noor 1999, and Coyne and Orr, 2004). However, a wealth of empirical cases demonstrating reinforcement along with renewed theoretical treatments of the process of reinforcement (Liou and Price 1994; Kelly and Noor 1996; Servedio 2000; Kirkpatrick and Ravigne 2002) has led to the conclusion that reinforcement can and does occur in nature. One consequence of reinforcement is that—by altering reproductive isolating traits—reinforcement may also lead to prezygotic isolation among populations within species. Hence, like ecological and sexual selection, reinforcement can have incidental effects upon reproductive isolation (RI). In fact, reinforcement might be particularly likely to have such incidental effects precisely because it alters reproductive isolating traits among species in areas of sympatry.