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contemporary approaches to visual prostheses

Military Medical Research 2019年第3期6卷 254-262页

作者： rebecca M.Mirochnik John S.Pezaris Department of Bioengineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA.3Department of NeurosurgeryHarvard MedicalSchoolBostonMAUSA.

Visual prostheses serve to restore visual function following acquired blindness. Acquired blindness(as opposed to congenital blindness) has many causes, including diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, or trauma such as caused by automobile accident or blast damage from explosions. Many of the blindness-causing diseases target the retina or other ocular structure. Often, despite the loss of sensitivity to light, the remainder of the visual pathway is still functional, enabling electrical devices to deliver effective and meaningful visual information to the brain via arrays of electrodes. These arrays can be placed in any part of the early visual pathway, such as the retina, optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, or visual cortex. A camera or other imaging source is used to drive electrical stimulation of remaining healthy cells or structures to create artificial vision and provide restoration of function. In this review, each approach to visual prostheses is described, including advantages and disadvantages as well as assessments of the current state of the art. Most of the work to-date has been targeting stimulation of(a) the retina, with three devices approved for general use and two more in clinical testing;(b) the lateral geniculate nucleus, with efforts still in the pre-clinical stage;and(c) the cortex, with three devices in clinical testing and none currently approved for general use despite the longest history of investigation of the three major approaches. Each class of device has different medical indications, and different levels of invasiveness required for implantation. All contemporary devices deliver relatively poor vision. There has been remarkable progress since the first proof-ofconcept demonstration that used stimulation of the primary visual cortex, with the field exploring all viable options for restoration of function. Much of the progress has been recent, driven by advances in microelectronics and biocompat

关键词： Visual prosthesis Blindness Artificial vision

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changing the paradigm：the potential for targeted therapy in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

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cancer Biology & Medicine 2016年第1期13卷 87-100页

作者： Megan L.Ludwig Andrew c.Birkeland rebecca Hoesli Paul Swiecicki Matthew E.Spector J.chad Brenner Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA cellular and Molecular Biology Program University of MichiqanAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Hematology Oncology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA comprehensive cancer center University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LScc) remains a highly morbid and fatal disease. Historically, it has been a model example for organ preservation and treatment stratification paradigms. Unfortunately, survival for LScc has stagnated over the past few decades. As the era of next-generation sequencing and personalized treatment for cancer approaches, LScc may be an ideal disease for consideration of further treatment stratification and personalization. Here, we will discuss the important history of LScc as a model system for organ preservation, unique and potentially targetable genetic signatures of LScc, and methods for bringing stratified, personalized treatment strategies to the 21^(st) century.

关键词：鳞状细胞癌靶向治疗个性化癌症治疗模型系统疾病历史保存

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Effects of elevated [cO_2] on stem and root lodging among rice cultivars

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chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第15期58卷 1787-1794页

作者： ZHU chunWu cHENG WeiGuo SAKAI Hidemitsu OIKAWA Shimpei LAZA rebecca c USUI Yasuhiro HASEGAWA Toshihiro National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Ibaraki 305-8604Japan Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata UniversityYamagata 997-8555Japan Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies Tokyo University of AgricultureTokyo 156-8502Japan crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteDAPO Box 7777Metro ManilaPhilippines

Studies showed that elevated [cO2] would improve photosynthetic rates and enhance yields of rice;however,few studies have focused on the response of rice lodging,which is a major cause of cereal yield loss and quality reduction,under elevated [cO2].In this study,we examined the effects of elevated [cO2] on stem and root lodging using 4 rice cultivars(86Y8,japonica hybrid;LYP9,2-line indica hybrid;variety 9311,type of indica inbred rice,and SY63,3-line indica hybrid) grown under two [cO2] levels:400 and 680 μmol *** results indicated that under elevated [cO2],the stem-lodging risk(SLR) of 9311 decreased,while in SY63 the SLR increased,86Y8 and LYP9 were not significantly affected;the risk of root lodging was reduced for all cultivars,because root biomass(instead of root number) and bending strength were increased significantly,and then the increase of anti-lodging ability is far higher than that of self-weight mass moment for all *** findings suggested that higher [cO2] can enhance the risk of stem-lodging for cultivars with strong-[cO2]-responses,but may not aggravate the root lodging for all rice cultivars.

关键词： cO2浓度升高倒伏水稻品种间种茎二氧化碳浓度升高水稻品种杂交粳稻两优培九

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cTLA4 protects against maladaptive cytotoxicity during the differentiation of effector and follicular cD4^(+)T cells

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第7期20卷 777-793页

作者： Yuwei Hao Bahar Miraghazadeh Rochna chand Ainsley R.Davies chelisa cardinez Kristy Kwong Morgan B.Downes rebecca A.Sweet Pablo F.cañete Lloyd J.D’Orsogna David A.Fulcher Sharon choo Desmond Yip Geoffrey Peters Sonia Yip Matthew J.Witney Maxim Nekrasov Zhi-Ping Feng David c.Tscharke carola G.Vinuesa Matthew c.cook centre for Personalised Immunology John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia Translational Research Unit The Canberra HospitalCanberraACTAustralia Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia Department of Immunology Fiona Stanley HospitalPerthWAAustralia Department of Immunology The Royal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Medical Oncology The Canberra HospitalCanberraACTAustralia ANU Medical School The Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia NHMRc clinical Trials Unit The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia The AcRF Biomolecular Resource Facility John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia ANU Bioinformatics consultancy John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia Francis crick Institute 1 Midland RdLondon NW11ATUK cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom.

As chronic antigenic stimulation from infection and autoimmunity is a feature of primary antibody deficiency(PAD),analysis of affected patients could yield insights into T-cell differentiation and explain how environmental exposures modify clinical phenotypes conferred by single-gene ***57 marks dysfunctional T cells that have differentiated after antigenic ***,while circulating cD57^(+)cD4^(+)T cells are normally rare,we found that they are increased in patients with PAD and markedly increased with cTLA4 haploinsufficiency or *** performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis of matched cD57^(+)cD4^(+)T cells from blood and tonsil *** cD57^(+)cD4^(+)T cells(cD4cyt)exhibited a cytotoxic transcriptome similar to that of cD8^(+)effector cells,could kill B cells,and inhibited B-cell ***4 restrained the formation of *** cD57 also marked an abundant subset of follicular helper T cells,which is consistent with their antigen-driven differentiation,this subset had a preexhaustion transcriptomic signature marked by TcF7,TOX,and ID3 expression and constitutive expression of cTLA4 and did not become cytotoxic even after cTLA4 ***,cD57^(+)cD4^(+)T-cell cytotoxicity and exhaustion phenotypes are compartmentalised between blood and germinal ***4 is a key modifier of cD4^(+)T-cell cytotoxicity,and the pathological cD4cyt phenotype is accentuated by infection.

关键词： cTLA4 Immunodeficiency cell exhaustion Terminal differentiation cytotoxic cD4^(+)T cells cD57

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Identification of sumoylated targets in proliferating mouse spermatogonia and human testicular seminomas

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 569-577页

作者： Margarita Vigodner Benjamin Lucas Stav Kemeny Tamar Schwartz rebecca Levy Department of Biology Stern CollegeYeshiva UniversityNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10461USA

Spermatogenesis is regulated by a complex network of posttranslation ***(a modification by small ubiquiti like modifiers,or SUMO proteins)was identified as an importa nt cellular event in d iff ere nt cell *** proteins are highly expressed in the testis,and their role during spermatogenesis has begun to be *** the important role of sumoylation in the regulation of mitosis and cancer progress!on in other tissues,the aim of the current study was to identify the targets of SUMO in proliferating mouse spermatog onia and huma n semi noma tissues and to in itially exami ne the level of sumoylation in relation to the proliferative activity of the *** freshly purified spermatogonia and cl8-4 spermatogonia cell line,mass spectrometry analysis identified several SUMO targets implicated into the proliferation of spermatogonia(such as heat shock protein 60[HSP60]and prohibitin).Tissue array and western blot approaches showed that SUMO expression is a prominent feature of human seminomas and that the proliferative activity of the tumor tissues was positively correlated with the level of SUMO *** regulation of sumoylati on with si-RNA was not sufficie nt to sign ificantly affect the proliferation of c18-4 spermatogonia;however,SUMO overexpression in creased the proliferation rate of the *** data suggest that cells are more sensitive to an elevated level of SUMO,and that this situation may lead to an upregulated cellular proliferation and,possibly,*** spectrometry analysis identified around a hundred SUMO targets in seminoma ***,many of the identified proteins(such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen[PcNA],DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha[Top2A],prohibitin,14-3-3 protein,and others)were implicated in oncogenic transformation and cancer progression.

关键词： proliferation seminoma spermatog onia sumoylation

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SLc11A1 polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis status

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第45期16卷 5727-5731页

作者： Lucy c Stewart Andrew S Day John Pearson Murray L Barclay Richard B Gearry rebecca L Roberts Robert W Bentley Department of Paediatrics University of OtagoChristchurch 8140New Zealand Department of Paediatrics Christchurch HospitalChristchurch 8140New Zealand Department of Pathology University of OtagoChristchurch 8140New Zealand Department of Medicine University of OtagoChristchurch 8140New Zealand Department of Gastroenterology Christchurch HospitalChristchurch 8140New Zealand Department of Biochemistry University of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand

AIM: To test for association of SLc11A1 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) status in a caucasian cohort. METHODS: Five hundred and seven crohn's disease (cD) patients, 474 ulcerative colitis (Uc) patients, and 569 healthy controls were genotyped for SLc11A1 1730G>A and SLc11A1 469+14G>c using pre-designed TaqMan  SNP assays. χ 2 tests were applied to test for association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with disease, and the presence of MAP ***:SLc11A1 1730G>A and SLc11A 1469+14G>c were not associated with cD, Uc, or IBD. The SLc11A1 1730A minor allele was over-represented in patients who did not require immunomodulator therapy (P = 0.002, OR: 0.29, 95% cI: 0.13-0.66). The frequency of the SLc11A1 469+14c allele was higher in the subset of study participants who tested positive for MAP DNA (P = 0.02, OR: 1.56, 95% cI: 1.06-2.29). No association of SLc11A1 1730G>A with MAP was ***: Although SLc11A1 was not associated with IBD, association with MAP suggests that SLc11A1 is important in determining susceptibility to bacteria implicated in the etiology of cD.

关键词： NRAMP1 crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis IS900 polymerase chain reaction

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Evidence for fine-scale habitat specialisation in an invasive weed

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 189-199页

作者： Daniel Z.Atwater rebecca A.Fletcher christopher c.Dickinson Andrew H.Paterson Jacob N.Barney Virginia Tech Department of Plant PathologyPhysiology and Weed Science435 Old Glade RoadBlacksburgVA 24061USA University of Georgia Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory111 Riverbend RoadAthensGA 30606USA

Aims As an exotic species colonises a new continent,it must overcome enormous environmental variation in its introduced *** adaptation of introduced species has frequently been observed at the continent scale,particularly in response to latitudinal climatic ***,significant environmental heterogeneity can also exist at the landscape scale.A small number of studies have provided evidence that introduced species may also be capable of phenotypic and genetic differentiation at much smaller spatial *** example,previously we found US agricultural and non-agricultural populations of Sorghum halepense(Johnsongrass)to be phenotypically and genetically *** this study,we inves-tigated whether this phenotypic differentiation of agricultural and non-agricultural populations of *** is the result of fine-scale local *** We surveyed a nationally collected *** germplasm panel and also collected neighbouring agricultural and non-agricultural sub-populations of *** at four sites throughout Western Virginia,USA,raising seedlings in common conditions mimicking both agricultural and non-agricultural *** Findings At the national scale,we found evidence of habitat differentiation but not ***,at the local scale,we found evi-dence of specialisation in two of the four local populations to non-agricultural habitat,but no evidence of specialisation to agricultural *** results show that local specialisation is a possible,but not guaranteed consequence of kilometre-scale habitat heterogen-eity in invasive *** finding contributes to a growing aware-ness of the importance of fine-scale local adaptation in the ecology and management of introduced and weedy species.

关键词： Johnsongrass local adaptation rapid evolution Sorghum halepense(L.)

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Sleep No More： Nightmares in Emerging Nazi Germany

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Journal of Sociology Study 2017年第1期7卷 7-11页

作者： rebecca c. curtis Adelphi University USA

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Maternal and fetal T cells in term pregnancy and preterm labor

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第7期17卷 693-704页

作者： Derek Miller Meyer Gershater rebecca Slutsky Roberto Romero Nardhy Gomez-Lopez Perinatology Research Branch Division of Obstetrics and Maternal–Fetal MedicineDivision of Intramural ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthU.S.Department of Health and Human ServicesDetroitMIUSA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics Wayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA Detroit Medical center DetroitMIUSA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and ImmunologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA

Pregnancy is a state of immunological balance during which the mother and the developing fetus must tolerate each other while maintaining sufficient immunocompetence to ward off potential *** site of closest contact between the mother and fetus is the decidua,which represents the maternal–fetal *** of the immune cell subsets present at the maternal–fetal interface have been well described;however,the importance of the maternal T cells in this compartment during late gestation and its complications,such as preterm labor and birth,has only recently been ***,pioneer and recent studies have indicated that fetal T cells are activated in different subsets of preterm labor and may elicit distinct inflammatory responses in the amniotic cavity,leading to preterm *** this review,we describe the established and proposed roles for maternal T cells at the maternal–fetal interface in normal term parturition,as well as the demonstrated contributions of such cells to the pathological process of preterm labor and *** also summarize the current knowledge of and proposed roles for fetal T cells in the pathophysiology of the preterm labor *** is our hope that this review provides a solid conceptual framework highlighting the importance of maternal and fetal T cells in late gestation and catalyzes new research questions that can further scientific understanding of these cells and their role in preterm labor and birth,the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide.

关键词： maternal-fetal interface decidua amniotic fluid adaptive immunity parturition

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clinical Judgment Development: Six Steps to Establish Professional Identity and Role-Specific competencies in caring for a Sexual Assault Survivor

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Health 2022年第1期14卷 23-37页

作者： Rose Eva constantino Larissa c. Allen Vivian Hui Kelly M. Nitowski Brayden Kameg Amy S. Bowser rebecca Burkart Betty Braxter Department of Health and community Systems School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA

Background: clinical judgment is a specific role that establishes a professional identity. The purpose of this paper is to prepare nursing students to make better judgments in the clinical setting and realign learning and teaching. Methods: We used six steps to arrive at a competent clinical judgment suggested by the National council State Board of Nursing (NScBN) as a clinical judgment model 1) recognizing cues, 2) analyzing cues, 3) prioritizing hypotheses, 4) generating solutions, 5) taking an action, and 6) evaluating outcomes during the head-to-toe examination of the patient. Results: The primary outcomes are stabilization of the hemodynamics of the patient and prevention of further blood loss. Fluids are being given to help keep the vascular volume from being depleted, but they cannot solve the underlying problem. continued assessment, intervention, and monitoring of vital signs through the course of the hospital stay ending with the patient’s discharge. Discussion: Survivors of sexual assault are unique for a nurse to provide care. The nurse needs to assess, intervene, monitor, and pay attention to detail of the 6 steps to clinical judgment, resulting in positive outcomes for their patient. conclusions: Forensic nursing is a field of nursing that focuses on sexual assault survivor care and works to make the aftermath of their tragic situation easier to cope with. Strengthening clinical judgment skills could remedy significant mistakes made by novice forensic nurses. critical thinking and clinical ethical reasoning are the building blocks of clinical judgment.

关键词： Analyze cues clinical Judgment Evaluate Outcomes Generate Solutions Prioritize Hypotheses Recognize cues

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