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Bile acid receptors and gastrointestinal functions

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Liver Research 2019年第1期3卷 31-39页

作者： Alexander L.Ticho Pooja Malhotra Pradeep k.Dudeja ravinder k.Gill Waddah A.Alrefai Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center ChicagoILUSA

Bile acids modulate several gastrointestinal(GI)functions including electrolyte secretion and absorption,gastric emptying,and small intestinal and colonic *** concentrations of bile acids lead to diarrhea and are implicated in the development of esophageal,gastric and colonic *** in bile acid homeostasis are also implicated in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these effects of bile acids on gut functions has been greatly enhanced by the discovery of bile acid receptors,including the nuclear receptors:farnesoid X receptor(FXR),vitamin D receptor(VDR),pregnane X receptor(PXR),and constitutive androstane receptor(CAR);and G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs):Tak.da G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5),sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2),and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3(M3R).For example,various studies provided evidence demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of FXR and TGR5 activation in models of intestinal *** addition,the activation of TGR5 in enteric neurons was recently shown to increase colonic motility,which may lead to bile acid-induced diarrhea(BAD).Interestingly,TGR5 induces the secretion of glucagon-lik. peptide-1(GLP-1)from L-cells to enhance insulin secretion and modulate glucose *** of the importance of these receptors,agonists of TGR5 and intestine-specific FXR agonists are currently being tested as an option for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and primary bile acid diarrhea,*** review summarizes current k.owledge of the functional roles of bile acid receptors in the GI tract.

关键词： Bile acids Nuclear receptors Farnesoid X receptor(FXR) Tak.da G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) Gastrointestinal function

Thermoelectric Power Studies Cu-Cd Ferrites

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2012年第1期2卷 24-26页

作者： k. Rama k.ishna k. Vijaya k.mar Ch. Abraham Lincoln D. ravinder Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Hyderabad India Malla Reddy College of Engineering & Technology Hyderabad India Osmania University Hyderabad India Osmania University Hyderabad India.

Thermoelectric Power Studies of Cadmium Substituted Copper Ferrites of various compositions were investigated from room temperature to well beyond the curie temperature by differential method. The Seebeck.coefficient is negative for all compositions showing that these ferrites behave as n-type semi conductors. Plots of Seebeck.coefficient verses tem- perature shows maximum at Curie temperature. On the basis of these results an explanation for the conduction mechanism in Cu-Cd mixed ferrites is suggested.

关键词： Cu-Cd Ferrites Seebeck Coefficient Hopping Mechanism Curie Temperature

Gastric digestion of pea ferritin and modulation of its iron bioavailability by ascorbic and phytic acids in caco-2 cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第14期13卷 2083-2088页

作者： Satyanarayana Bejjani Raghu Pullak.andam ravinder Punjal k.Madhavan Nair Micronutrient Research Group National Institute of Nutrition Indian Council of Medical ResearchJamai OsmaniaHyderabad 500007India

AIM： To understand the digestive stability and mechanism of release and intestinal uptak. of pea ferritin iron in caco-2 cell line model.METHODS： Pea seed ferritin was purified using salt fractionation followed by gel filtration *** bioavailability of ferritin iron was assessed using coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid and phytic ***-2 cell ferritin formation was used as a surrogate mark.r of iron uptak.. Structural changes of pea ferritin under simulated gastric pH were characterized using electrophoresis, gel filtration and circular dichroism spectroscopy.RESULTS： The caco-2 cell ferritin formation was significantly increased （P 〈 0.001） with FeSO4 （19.3±9.8 ng/mg protein） and pea ferritin （13.9 ± 6.19 ng/mg protein） compared to the blank.digest （3.7 ± 1.8 ng/mg protein）. Ascorbic acid enhanced while phytic acid decreased the pea ferritin iron bioavailability. However,either in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid, the ferritin content of caco-2 cells was significantly less with pea ferritin than with FeSO4. At gastric pH, no band corresponding to ferritin was observed in the presence of pepsin either on native PAGE or SDS-PAGE. Gel filtration chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed a pH dependent loss of quaternary and secondary structure.CONCLUSION： Under gastric conditions, the iron core of pea ferritin is released into the digestive medium due to acid induced structural alterations and dissociation of protein. The released iron interacts with dietary factors leading to modulation of pea ferritin iron bioavailability,resembling the typical characteristics of non-heme iron.

关键词： Pea ferritin Bioavailability Caco-2 cells Phytic acid Ascorbic acid

Emerging contaminants in biosolids:Presence,fate and analytical techniques

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 162-194页

作者： ravinder k.mar Arun k.Vuppaladadiyam Elsa Antunes Anna Whelan Rob Fearon Madoc Sheehan Louise Reeves College of Science&Engineering James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD4811Australia Townsville City Council Wastewater OperationsTownsvilleQLD4810Australia Queensland Water Directorate BrisbaneQLD4009Australia

Emerging contaminants(ECs)represent a small fraction of the large chemical pollution puzzle where a wide variety of potentially hazardous chemicals reach the environment,and new compounds are continuously synthesized and released in wastewater treatment plants and ultimately in effluent and *** have been classified into various categories;however,this article focuses on the fate of major categories,namely pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs),per-and poly-fluoroalk.l substances(PFAS),flame retardants,surfactants,endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),and microplastics(MPs).These ECs when discharged to sewer and downstream wastewater treatment plants can undergo further transformations and either degrade,persist or convert into by-products which have the potential in some cases to be more *** of potential dangerous impacts of the availability of these contaminants in the environment,information on the fate and behavior of these pollutants is highly important to develop new strategies,such as the regulation of chemicals imported into Australia and Australian consumer goods and environmental policies to mitigate them in a sustainable ***,advanced technologies are required for the detection and identification of novel contaminants emerging in the environment at ultra low *** application of chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectroscopy has provided attractive break.hroughs to detect new emerging ***,it is crucially important to understand the sensitivity and robustness of these analytical techniques when dealing with complex matrices such as *** addition,most of the literature was focused on selected compounds or a family of compounds and the existing reviews have paid less attention to examine the formation of metabolites during the wastewater treatment process and their impacts on the *** review presents an overview of the presence of different classes of ECs around the wo

关键词： Biosolids Endocrine-disrupting chemicals Emerging contaminants Flame retardants Microplastics Per-and poly-fluoroalk.l substances Pharmaceutical and personal care products

Acute pancreatitis associated with intravenous administration of propofol:evaluation of causality in a systematic review of the literature

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第1期7卷 13-23,I0001页

作者： Samir Haffar ravinder Jeet k.ur Sushil k.mar Garg Joseph A.Hyder M.Hassan Murad Barham k.Abu Dayyeh Fateh Bazerbachi Digestive Center for Diagnosis&Treatment 29 Ayar StreetDamascusSyrian Arab Republic Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochesterMN 55905USA Division of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochesterMN 55905USA Division of Health Care Policy and Research Mayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochesterMN 55905USA

Acute pancreatitis(AP)associated with intravenous administration of propofol has been described with unk.own causal *** therefore assessed this causality in a systematic *** databases were searched on 16 August 2017;studies were appraised and selected by two reviewers based on a priori *** causality was evaluated with the Naranjo scale and Badalov *** identified 18 studies from 11 countries with a total of 21 patients,and the majority had adequate methodological *** median age was 35 years(range,4–77)and 10(48%)were ***,propofol was administrated in 8 patients as sedative along with induction/maintenance of anesthesia in 13 patients;median dose was 200 mg,with intermediate latency(1–30 days)in 14(67%).Serum triglycerides were>1000 mg/dL in four *** AP was observed in four patients(19%).AP recurrence occurred in one out of two patients who underwent *** related to AP was 3/21(14%).Propofol was the probable cause of AP according to the Naranjo scale in 19 patients(89%).Propofol-induced AP has a probable causal relation and evidence supports Badalov class *** is not the only mechanism by which propofol illicit ***-induced AP was severe in 19%of patients with a mortality rate related to AP of 14%.Future research is needed to delineate whether this risk.is higher if combined with other procedures that portend inherent risk.of pancreatitis such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis drug-induced pancreatitis propofol systematic review

Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第3期14卷 550-560页

作者： Anil k.Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay k.mar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nik.il k.mar Tejpal Dhewa ravinder k.mar Dairy Microbiology Division National Dairy Research Institute Faculy of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Autonomous University of the State of Mexico Department of Clinical Studies School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Microbial Science Division Agharkar Research Institute Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Department of Microbiology Bhaskarcharya College of Applied Sciences University of Delhi

To k.ep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials（DFM） for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk.and meat with a number of associated potential risk. for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes（i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder） are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi（ARF） based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk.production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial

关键词： anaerobic rumen fungi bacterial DFM direct-fed microbials probiotics rumen

Dielectric Properties of Ni-Zn Ferrites Synthesized by Citrate Gel Method

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2012年第2期2卷 57-60页

作者： k. Rama k.ishna Dachepalli ravinder k. Vijaya k.mar Utpal S. Joshi V. A. Rana Abrham Lincon Department of Chemsitrys P.G. College of Science Osmania University Hyderabad India Department of Physics Gujarat University Ahmedabad India Department of Physics Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad India Department of Physics Malla Reddy College of Engineering & Technology Secunderabad India Department of Physics P.G. College of Science Osmania University Hyderabad India

Ni-Zn ferrite with composition of Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0) were prepared by citrate gel method. The Dielectric Properties for all the samples were investigated at room temperature as a function of frequency. The dielectric constant shows dispersion in the lower frequency region and remains almost constant at higher frequencies. The frequency dependence of dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) is found to be abnormal, giving a peak.at certain frequency for mixed Ni-Zn ferrites. A qualitative explanation is given for the composition and frequency dependence of the dielectric loss tangent.

关键词： Ferrites Citrate Method Lattice Parameter Dielectric Constant Dielectric Loss

ZnO nanowires based degradable high-performance photodetectors for eco-friendly green electronics

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2023年第2期6卷 11-25页

作者： Bhavani Prasad Yalagala Abhishek.Singh Dahiya ravinder Dahiya Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies(BEST)Group University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQU.K.

Disposable devices designed for single and/or multiple reliable measurements over a short duration have attracted considerable interest recently. However, these devices often use non-recyclable and non-biodegradable materials and wasteful fabrication methods. Herein, we present ZnO nanowires(NWs) based degradable high-performance UV photodetectors(PDs) on flexible chitosan substrate. Systematic investigations reveal the presented device exhibits excellent photo response, including high responsivity(55 A/W), superior specific detectivity(4×10^(14) jones), and the highest gain(8.5×10~(10)) among the reported state of the art biodegradable PDs. Further, the presented PDs display excellent mechanical flexibility under wide range of bending conditions and thermal stability in the measured temperature range(5–50 ℃).The biodegradability studies performed on the device, in both deionized(DI) water(pH≈6) and PBS solution(pH=7.4),show fast degradability in DI water(20 mins) as compared to PBS(48 h). These results show the potential the presented approach holds for green and cost-effective fabrication of wearable, and disposable sensing systems with reduced adverse environmental impact.

关键词： transient electronics degradable devices ZnO nanowire chitosan UV photodetector printed electronics

Metachronous bladder metastasis from papillary renal cell carcinoma

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2016年第1期2卷 130-132页

作者： Arun Ramdas Menon Nivedita Suresh Prajwal ravinder Rajeev Thek.e Puthalath Department of Urology K S Hegde Medical AcademyMangalore 575018KarnatakaIndia Department of Pathology K S Hegde Medical AcademyMangalore 575018KarnatakaIndia

Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is well k.own for its metastatic potential and predilection for unusual sites of *** to the bladder is rare and has been reported predominantly from clear cell *** report a case of a 72-year-old male presenting with a bladder tumor which on histopathological evaluation was found to be a metastasis from papillary RCC,7 years after radical *** case highlights the need to maintain a high index of suspicion to diagnose bladder metastasis in a patient with a history of RCC presenting with a bladder lesion.

关键词： Bladder metastasis metachronous metastasis renal cell carcinoma