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Effect of local longitudinal shortening on the transport of luminal contents through small intestine

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第1期35卷 45-60,I0002页

作者： ravi kant Avvari Sasi Institute of Technology and Engineering Tadepalligudem 534101India

A theoretical analysis of the rheological fluid flow due to peristalsis is studied. We have applied the classical lubrication theory to predict the near physiological behavior of the intestinal segment, mixing and transport. A parametric study involving the changes in local longitudinal shortening (LLS) magnitude, LLS spacing, fluid viscosity, wavelength of the wave, and occlusion of lumen caused by the wave provided insights into the dynamics of the peristalsis flow of a non-Newtonian fluid. LLS appear to have little significance in modulating the flow patterns that are caused by circular contraction alone. Results also indicate that there exists trade-off between the power requirement for peristalsis at a certain occlusion against the percentage LLS. LLS appear to be more advantageous to perform the peristalsis activity at higher occlusion than lower occlusion. Having mucosal folds in the inner lining of the intestine allows for one more advantage of slowing the transit due to increased friction factor and increase in time for absorption of the nutrients.

关键词： Circular contraction Local longitudinal shortening Lubrication theory

Multivariable regression model for Fox depth correction factor

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第1期13卷 103-109页

作者： ravi kant MITTAL Sanket RAWAT Piyush BANSAL Department of Civil Engineering Birla Institute of Technology & SciencePilani 333031India Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

This paper presents a simple and efficient equation for calculating the Fox depth correction factor used in computation of settlement reduction due to foundation *** solution of Boussinesq theory was used originally to develop the Fox depth correction factor equations which were rather complex in *** equations were later simplified in the form of graphs and tables and referred in various international code of practices and standard texts for an unsophisticated and quick ***,these tables and graphs provide the factor only for limited values of the input variables and hence again complicates the process of automation of ***,this paper presents a non-linear regression model for the analysis of effect of embedment developed using "IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences" *** multiple iterations,the value of coefficient of determination is found to reach *** equation is straightforward,competent and easy to use for both manual and automated calculation of the Fox depth correction factor for wide range of input *** the developed equation,parametric study is also conducted in the later part of the paper to analyse the extent of effect of a particular variable on the Fox depth factor.

关键词： settlement embedment Fox depth correction factor regression multivariable

High Phenotypic Variation in Morus alba L. along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Indian Trans-Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 446-455页

作者： Prabodh K. BAJPAI Ashish R. WARGHAT Ashish yadav Anil kant ravi B. SRIVASTAVA Tsering STOBDAN Defence Institute of High Altitude Research DRDO Leh Jammu and Kashmir 194101 India Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat Solan Himachal Pradesh 173215 India

Ten quantitative morphological characters were studied in 56 Morus alba L. trees representing three natural populations from the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region. The altitude of collection sites ranged from 2815 to 3177 m above the sea level(asl). Coefficient of variation(CV) showed high phenotypic variation in M. alba. Linear regression analysis revealed that leaf and fruit size decreases with an increase in altitude. High CV was observed for leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, internodal distance, number of nodes, bud length, fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight. Similarly, a high phenotypic plasticity index was observed for bud length, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, inter-nodal distance, number of nodes, fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight. For every 100 m increase in altitude, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area decreased by 1 cm, 0.8 cm and 16.6 cm2, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed a predominant altitudinal effect on the morphological characters in comparison to the population effect. A small change in the altitude caused significant change in the plant morphological characteristics. The present investigation represents to our knowledge the first study addressing phenotypic variation in mulberryalong an altitudinal gradient.

关键词： Adaptation Ladakh Leaf Morphometry Mulberry Morus alba Stress

Effects of Purified Indian Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus Saliva Toxins on Various Enzymes in Blood Serum, Liver and Muscles of Albino Mice

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2023年第2期11卷 82-112页

作者： Nidhi yadav ravi kant Upadhyay Department of Zoology Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur India

In the present investigation, in vivo effects of purified ticks’ saliva toxin were evaluated on the level of certain important cellular metabolic enzymes i.e. acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase. For this purpose, sub-lethal doses, 40% and 80% of 24 h LD50 purified saliva toxins of Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) were injected subcutaneously in the albino mice. In treated mice saliva toxins targeted membrane-bound enzymes i.e. serum acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, its level was increased from 118.30% to 163.63% at the 6th hr in comparison to the control. Besides this, the levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) also increased up to 161.11% (at 6th hr), 148.27 (at 8th hr) and 125.45% (at 6th hr) respectively in comparison to control. An increase in the level of LDH showed insufficient oxygen supply, massive disintegration of cells and leakage of the enzyme into the circulation. It clearly indicated the toxic effects of saliva toxins on the membrane of blood cells, hepatocytes and myocardial muscle cell functions in albino mice. On the other hand activity of acetyl cholinesterase was reduced by 65.51% at the 6th hr of the saliva toxin injection in comparison to the control. This inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase activity caused the accumulation of acetylcholine molecules at the synaptic junctions and led to prolonged activation of acetylcholine receptors. It caused permanent stimulation of nerves and muscle cells that may result in muscular paralysis and finally death of the animal.

关键词： Rhipicephalus microplus Serum Liver and Rectus Abdominis Gastrocnemius Muscle Atria and Ventricle Acid Phosphatase (ACP) Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) and Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT) Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Acetylcholinesterase (AchE)

Tick-borne Diseases,Transmission,Host Immune Responses,Diagnosis and Control

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Journal of Human Physiology 2021年第2期3卷 8-39页

作者： Nidhi yadav ravi kant Upadhyay Department of Zoology Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur UniversityGorakhpurUttar Pradesh273009India

Present review article explains tick-borne diseases,transmission,host immune responses,diagnosis and control in relation to climatic *** are hematophagous ectoparasites which suck large volumes of blood from livestock and *** release large numbers of protozoans,bacteria,rickettsia and viral pathogens during blood feeding and transmit disease pathogens through *** to heavy blood sucking by ticks animals face significant blood and weight loss that affect their overall *** to more severe illness,high economic losses were noted in *** article highlights medically important tick borne diseases in man and livestock,its pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment *** present article emphasizes invasion of hosts,host-pathogen interactions,tick saliva toxin induced host immune responses and biological *** article highlighted various tick control methods *** killing,acaricidal,biological,hormonal,genetic and immunological methods such as administration of protective antibody and vaccines for disease control in human being and his *** authors suggest non-chemical environmentally safe methods for successful control of tick borne diseases to kill cattle,bird and canine invading ticks.

关键词： Tick borne diseases Blood feeding Transmission Pathogenesis Diagnosis Tick control Vaccine therapy

Global Effect of Climate Change on Seasonal Cycles,Vector Population and Rising Challenges of Communicable Diseases:A Review

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Journal of Atmospheric Science Research 2023年第1期6卷 21-59页

作者： Nidhi yadav ravi kant Upadhyay Department of Zoology D.D.U.Gorakhpur UniversityGorakhpur273009India

This article explains ongoing changes in global climate and their effect on the resurgence of vector and pathogen populations in various parts of the ***,major prevailing changes are the elevation of global temperature and accidental torrent rains,floods,droughts,and loss of productivity and food *** to the increase in water surface area and the longer presence of flood water,the breeding of insect vectors becomes very high;it is responsible for the emergence and re-emergence of so many communicable *** to the development of resistance to chemicals in insect pests,and pathogens and lack of control measures,communicable zoonotic diseases are remerging with high infectivity and *** condition is becoming more alarming as the climate is favoring pathogen-host interactions and vector *** changes seen in meteorology are promoting an unmanageable array of vector-borne infectious diseases,such as malaria,Japanese encephalitis,filarial,dengue,and ***,due to unhygienic conditions,poor sanitation,and infected ground and surface water outbreak of enteric infections such as cholera,vibriosis,and rotavirus is seen on the *** addition,parasitic infection ascariasis,fasciolosis,schistosomiasis,and dysentery cases are *** climate change is a major issue and challenge that needs timely quick *** change is imposing non-adaptive forced human migration territorial conflicts,decreasing ecosystem productivity,disease outbreaks,and impelling unequal resource *** climate changes,parasites,pathogens,and vector populations are on the rise,which is making great threats to global health and the *** article highlighted the necessity to develop new strategies and control measures to cut down rising vector and pathogen populations in endemic *** finding quick solutions educational awareness,technology up-gradation,new vaccines,and safety measures have to be adop

关键词： Global climate change Biodiversity loss Loss of life Habitat Economic losses Biomarkers Challenges and solutions

Carbon nanotubes:A review on risks assessment,mechanism of toxicity and future directives to prevent health implication

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BIOCELL 2021年第2期45卷 267-279页

作者： PIYOOSH KUMAR BABELE MAHENDRA KUMAR VERMA ravi kant BHATIA College of Agriculture Rani Laxmi Bai Central Agriculture UniversityJhansi284003India Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal(IISERB)Bhopal462066India Department of Biotechnology Himachal Pradesh UniversityShimla171005India

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have tremendous applications in almost every walk of life;however,their harmful impacts on humans and the environment are not well *** have been used in various applications ranging from medical science to different engineering branches,to ease human ***,the toxicological profile of CNTs under laboratory conditions cannot be assessed primarily in medical science due to the inconsistent availability of cytotoxic study *** toxicity has been affected by many physicochemical properties(e.g.,size,type of functionalization),concentration,the extent of exposure,mode of exposure,and even the solvents/medium used to dissolve/disperse CNTs for their *** inconsistencies arise due to the variation in synthesis methods as well as the mode of their human *** their unlimited use in various fields,most of CNT toxicity aspects and mechanisms remain ***,in-depth knowledge of CNTs toxicity is scarce,and the available literature shows dissimilarities in experimental data and exposure *** understand the toxicological issues,it is the need of the hour to provide insight into the published data,post-exposure studies,and various factors that may damage the cells due to CNTs *** review article analyses the hazardous potential through toxicological implications and summarizes the detailed mechanism(s)of CNTs studied on the different model organisms,including human cell *** this review article,we hypothesized that thorough knowledge of various aspects,as mentioned above,helps us design and develop possible strategies to reduce the toxicity of nanomaterial to make them safer and secure for humanity’s betterment.

关键词： Nanotechnology CNTs Nanotoxicity Toxicity mechanism Drug delivery

Prevention of macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Review of cardiovascular safety and efficacy of newer diabetes medications

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第6期10卷 324-332页

作者： ravi kant Kashif M Munir Arshpreet Kaur Vipin Verma Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition Medical University of South Carolina/Anmed Campus Anderson SC 29621 United States Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 United States Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition Sinai Hospital Baltimore MD 21215 United States Department of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina/Anmed Campus Anderson SC 29621 United States

Lack of conclusive beneficial effects of strict glycemic control on macrovascular complications has been very frustrating for clinicians involved in care of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Highly publicized controversy surrounding cardiovascular (CV) safety of rosiglitazone resulted in major changes in United States Food and Drug Administration policy in 2008 regarding approval process of new antidiabetic medications, which has resulted in revolutionary data from several large CV outcome trials over the last few years. All drugs in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor classes have shown to be CV safe with heterogeneous results on CV efficacy. Given twofold higher CV disease mortality in patients with DM than without DM, GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2-inhibitors are important additions to clinician’s armamentarium and should be second line-therapy particularly in patients with T2DM and established atherosclerotic CV disease or high risks for CV disease. Abundance of data and heterogeneity in CV outcome trials results can make it difficult for clinicians, particularly primary care physicians, to stay updated with all the recent evidence. The scope of this comprehensive review will focus on all major CV outcome studies evaluating CV safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors.

关键词： Newer antidiabetic medications Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors Type 2 diabetes mellitus Macrovascular complications Cardiovascular outcome trials Major cardiovascular events Heart failure Prevention of heart disease

A review on emerging materials with focus on BiI_(3) for room-temperature semiconductor radiation detectors

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2023年第4期7卷 465-483页

作者： Ritu Chaudhari Chhaya ravi kant Alka Garg Surender Kumar Sharma Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for WomenKashmere GateDelhi110006India Gargi College University of DelhiSiri Fort RoadNew Delhi110049India Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University New DelhiIndia

Purpose Considerable advances in the fundamental knowledge and applications of radiation science have led to significant progress and development of room-temperature semiconductor radiation detectors(RTSD).The RTSDs technologies are continuously evolving with accelerated research and material engineering in the last *** scientific and technological advancements have led to development of high-performance radiation detectors with high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),better sensitivity,faster response and higher-resolution with capability of desired room-temperature *** paper is a review on emerging semiconductor radiation detector materials with a deeper insight into the prospective role of Bismuth tri-iodide(BiI_(3))for room-temperature radiation *** An introduction of the state of art of most developed semiconductor materials,i.e.,cadmium telluride(CdTe),mercury iodide(HgI_(2)),lead iodide(PbI_(2)),etc.,and a critical examination of properties,shortcomings and challenges related to their synthesis have been ***-semiconductor composites with desirable properties and their integration into detector devices is also *** sections discuss the role of BiI_(3) as an emerging radiation detector material for room-temperature operation with an in-depth discussion on the role of defects in charge transportation and electrode ***,the current challenges along with the future prospects of these materials for radiation detection to promote continuous innovation and practical applications are also *** The comprehensive review on latest developments in room-temperature radiation detector materials is expected to help establish a technological roadmap for the synthesis,fabrication and commercialization of novel materials for development of efficient radiation detectors.

关键词： Radiation detector Defects Electrical properties Bismuth tri-iodide Semiconductor Toxicity