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Effect of Impaired Lung Function on the Development and Progression of Endobronchial Premalignant Lesions

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j.urnal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第4期3卷 364-371页

作者： Vij.yvel j.yaprakash Gregory M. Loewen Martin C. Mahoney Samj.t Dhillon Sai Yendamuri D. Kyle Hogarth Enrique Machare-Delgado ravi j. menezes Sandra M. j.cob Mary E. Reid Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo USA Department of Medical Imaging University Health Network Toronto Canada Department of Medicine Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo USA Department of Social and Preventive Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo USA Department of Thoracic Surgery Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo USA Pulmonary Oncology Sacred Heart Medical Center Spokane USA School of Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo USA Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Chicago Chicago USA

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and presence of endobronchial premalignant lesions (EPL) are individual risk factors for lung cancer (LC). However, effect of impaired lung function (ILF) on the natural history of EPL has not been explored. Patients and Methods: This study included 217 high-risk participants from a hospital-based LC surveillance cohort who underwent pulmonary function testing followed by bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsies. Baseline histopathology diagnoses included 91 cases (41.9%) with squamous metaplasia (SM), 25 (11.5%) with squamous dysplasia (SD), 1 (0.5%) with in-situ carcinoma and 5 (2.3%) with invasive LC. Follow-up biopsies were obtained for 69 patients, and 16 (23.2%) patients demonstrated progression to a higher grade lesion. Regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between ILF and EPL. All the models were adj.sted for age, gender and tobacco smoking. Results: Patients with FEV1% of <50% had 4.5 times greater risk of being diagnosed with an EPL [95% confidence interval: 1.93-10.80] and 8-fold greater risk of SD, compared to patients with FEV1% ≥80. COPD was associated with 2.7 and 4.8 times greater risk of SM and SD, respectively. The mean time to progression to a higher-grade lesion was shorter in COPD patients compared to patients without COPD (27 versus 50 months, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our results indicate that ILF may be a predictor of prevalence and progression of EPLs among patients at high risk of LC. Therefore, spirometry can be a complementary pre-screening tool for identifying patients with EPL who need more intense LC surveillance.

关键词： COPD Lung Cancer Premalignant Lesions Dysplasia Pulmonary Function Test Spirometry

Detection and Classification of Potential Caves on the Flank of Elysium Mons,Mars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第6期22卷 81-90页

作者： ravi Sharma Neeraj.Srivastava j.j.T.University Jhunjhunu.Rajasthan 333001India Planetary Science Division Physical Research LaboratoryAhmedabad 380009India

Martian caves have revived interest in the field of subsurface exploration because they are the potential destinations for future human habitats and astrobiological *** are many pits on Mars,but some of them look like collapsed cave *** special pits are formed by the collapse of surface materials into the subsurface void *** signature of life is probable in a subsurface cave on Mars as the subsurface environment can protect life from the harsh and dangerous radiation environment of the *** a cave,there may be an abundance of minerals,fluids,and other key ***,locating the access point of the subsurface cave is essential and crucial for formulating plans for robotic/human explorations of the Red Planet,*** have used remote sensing data from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter(MRO;NASA),Mars Global Surveyor(MGS;NASA),and Mars Odyssey(NASA)for identifying,mapping,and classifying selected special pit candidates on the flank of Elysium Mons,Mars.A total of 32 special pit candidates has been identified and classified based upon morphology and geological *** of these,26 are newly discovered *** thermal behavior of 23 special pit candidates confirms that the special pits are radiating heat energy at nighttime,similar to potential ***,cave entrances have been detected in nine candidates using data from the Hi RISE camera onboard *** sites could be important destinations for future robotic/human exploration and the search for life on Mars.

关键词： planets and satellites individual(Mars)-planets and satellites surfaces-planets and satellites general

Mechanistically Novel Frontal-Inspired In Situ Photopolymerization:An Efficient Electrode|Electrolyte Interface Engineering Method for High Energy Lithium Metal Polymer Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第6期6卷 273-282页

作者： Ishamol Shaj. Diddo Diddens Martin Winter j.j.esh ravi Nair Helmholtz-Institute Münster(HI MS) IEK-12Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHCorrensstr.4648149Münster Germany MEET Battery Research Center Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstr.46Münster 48149Germany

The solvent-free in situ polymerization technique has the potential to tailor-make conformal interfaces that are essential for developing durable and safe lithium metal polymer batteries(LMPBs).Hence,much attention has been given to the eco-friendly and rapid ultraviolet(UV)-induced in situ photopolymerization process to prepare solid-state polymer *** this respect,an innovative method is proposed here to overcome the challenges of UV-induced photopolymerization(UV-curing)in the zones where UV-light cannot penetrate,especially in LMPBs where thick electrodes are *** proposed frontal-inspired photopolymerization(FIPP)process is a diverged frontal-based technique that uses two classes(dual)of initiators to improve the slow reaction kinetics of allyl-based monomers/oligomers by at least 50%compared with the conventional UV-curing *** possible reaction mechanism occurring in FIPP is demonstrated using density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic ***,the initiation mechanism identified for the FIPP relies on a photochemical pathway rather than an exothermic propagating front forms during the UV-irradiation step as the case with the classical frontal photopolymerization ***,the FIPP-based in situ cell fabrication using dual initiators is advantageous over both the sandwich cell assembly and conventional in situ photopolymerization in overcoming the limitations of mass transport and active material utilization in high energy and high power LMPBs that use thick ***,the LMPB cells fabricated using the in situ-FIPP process with high mass loading LiFePO_(4)electrodes(5.2 mg cm^(-2))demonstrate higher rate capability,and a 50%increase in specific capacity against a sandwich cell encouraging the use of this innovative process in large-scale solid-state battery production.

关键词： cathodelelectrolyte interface frontal-inspired photopolymerization in situ polymerization lithium metal polymer battery solid polymer electrolyte

Double-sided friction stir welding of Nitronic-40 stainless steel for application in tokamak devices

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j.urnal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第28期159卷 170-183页

作者： Supreeth Gaddam ravi Sankar Haridas Deepthi Tammana Charlie Sanabria Christopher j.Lammi Diana Berman Raj.v S.Mishra Center for Friction Stir Processing Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of North TexasDentonTX76207USA Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute University of North TexasDentonTX76207USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of North TexasDentonTX76207USA Commonwealth Fusion Systems CambridgeMAUSA

Nitrogen containing austenitic stainless steels(N-ASS)are widely utilized to fabricate various structural components in tokamak type fusion reactors owing to their suitable mechanical and functional *** components are exposed to a range of temperatures(4-500 K)and interact closely with the magnetic fields that are used to control and contain the plasma within the tokamak ***-40(N40)or XM-11 stainless steel is one such N-ASS used for fabricating structural components in the mag-netic and vacuum vessel systems in tokamak *** of most of the larger components in the magnetic and vacuum vessel systems typically involves some type of fusion-based welding *** study presents a double-sided friction stir welding(FSW)approach as an alternative to fusion welding processes to j.in 12 mm thick N40 plates to obtain j.ints with a low fraction ofδferrite(a detrimen-tal ferromagnetic phase),high j.int efficiency,no sensitization and loss of hardness in the heat affected zone,and minimal nitrogen desorption from the weld *** double-sided FSW approach yielded superior weldments when compared to similar j.ints accomplished by fusion welding for application in tokamak devices.

关键词： Friction stir welding Nitronic-40 stainless steel XM-11 stainless steel Magnetic and vacuum vessel systems Tokamak devices

Can the grains offer each other helping hands?Convergent molecular mechanisms associated with domestication and crop improvement in rice and maize

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Molecular Plant 2022年第5期15卷 793-795页

作者： ravi V.Mural j.mes C.Schnable University of Nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNEUSA

The grasses,Poaceae,are an extraordinarily ecologically success-ful clade,with more than 10000 described extant *** grasses include more than 30 domesticated grain crops,ranging from maize(Zea mays),rice(Oryza sativa),and wheat(Triticum aes-tivum),which are collectively responsible for 50%of all calories consumed by humans around the world,to minor and orphan crops such as teff(Eragrostis tef),pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum),proso millet(Panicum milaceum),and j.b's tears(Coix lacryma-j.bi)(Glémin and Bataillon,2009).Domestication of grain crops from their wild relatives involved a common suite of phenotypic changes,including loss of seed shattering,loss of dormancy,and increased apical dominance,which are collectively referred to as"domestication syndrome"(Glémin and Bataillon,2009).

关键词： sativa crops collective

Photometric investigation of eight ultra-short period eclipsing binaries from OGLE

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第8期20卷 113-120页

作者： Shanti Priya D. ravi Raj. P. Rukmini j. Raghu Prasad M. Vineet S.Thomas Department of Astronomy Osmania UniversityHyderabad-500007TelanganaIndia The University of Akron AkronOH44325USA

We performed a detailed photometric analysis of eight ultra-short period eclipsing binaries(USPEBs) using the Wilson-Devinney method. We present the modeled light curves and derived photometric solutions. The USPEBs with period(P)≤0.21 d considered in our study belong to W-subtype having shallow contact factor(f)~0.7 and later spectral types. The absolute parameters for these short-period binaries were derived applying empirical relations. We discuss the evolutionary stage of these USPEBs using the mass-radius, color-density and period-color diagrams. The obj.cts showed poor metallicities, and some obj.cts were even found to be existing around fully convective limits. The period distribution of USPEBs exhibited a sharp cut-off at 0.22 d;however, we observed significant deficits for our obj.cts in the literature. We examined the statistics of USPEBs studied to date(in terms of the distribution of period, mass ratio and component temperatures of USPEBs) and observed that a dominant distribution of component temperatures for these USPEBs was towards lower temperatures.

关键词： stars:low-mass stars:evolution stars:low-mass binaries:eclipsing binaries:close

An Integrative Collaborative Proj.ct Approach to Climate-Change Resilience and Urban/Regional Sustainability for the Mexico-Lerma-Cutzamala Hydrological Region

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Open j.urnal of Civil Engineering 2022年第1期12卷 101-138页

作者： Timothy j. Downs Morgan Ruelle Nigel Brissett ravi Hanumantha Marisa Mazari-Hiriart Rob Krueger Edward R. Carr International Development Community & Environment (IDCE) Department Clark University Worcester USA Institute of Ecology National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán Mexico Environmental & Sustainability Studies Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) Worcester USA Humanitarian Response and Development Lab (HURDL) George Perkins Marsh Institute Clark University Worcester USA

In a rapidly urbanizing world, the social, economic, and ecological complexities of cities require conceptual and operational innovations to enhance climate resilience and sustainability. We describe our Integrative Collaborative Proj.ct (ICP) approach to co-create climate resilience in the Mexico-Lerma-Cutzamala Hydrological Region (MLCHR). In recent years, it has suffered from frequent natural disasters, and under climate change scenarios, the intensity and frequency of extreme events, including severe floods, droughts, heat waves and landslides are expected to increase. ICPs are framed as socio-technical capacity building enterprises, with networks operating at multiple scales. The approach differs from other integrative efforts, which tend to be top-down with scant civil society co-ownership, and focus on limited aspects like indicators/assessment, or institutional capacity building. We reimagine all operational stages, from creative thinking, through ethos and concept, assessment, planning, proj.ct design, implementation and management, and monitoring and evaluation. The design of ICPs is informed by six integrative domains: 1) proj.ct ethos, concept, and framing;2) sectors, topics, and issues;3) spatial and temporal scales;4) stakeholder interests, relationships and capacities;5) knowledge types, models and methods;and 6) socio-technical capacities and networks. Empirically, the approach is based on participatory development practices, pilot proj.ct work tackling sustainable water and sanitation in Mexico, and a synthesis of rich experiential knowledge spanning 20 years. The theoretical basis considers a pragmatic knowledge frame, socio-technical transitions literature, and education for social transformation. We describe forward-looking operational details of the Pilot ICP for the Mexico-Lerma-Cutzamala Hydrological Region, with our three-university partnership as catalyst, and a new breed of socio-technical enterprise organization as a key partner, engaging

关键词： Climate-Change Resilience Sustainable Development Urban Regional Mexico City

Relative effects of different leaf attributes on sapling growth in tropical dry forest

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j.urnal of Plant Ecology 2014年第6期7卷 544-558页

作者： ravi K.Chaturvedi A.S.Raghubanshi j.S.Singh Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Ecosystems Analysis laboratory Department of BotanyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

Aims Soil moisture content(SMC)influences establishment,survival and development of plant species and is considered as the most important limiting factor in tropical dry forest(TDF).In this study we attempt to establish the relationship between leaf attributes and of tree saplings in TDF and address the following questions:(i)how are the functional attributes of dominant tree saplings of TDF affected by seasonal changes in SMC at different habitats?,(ii)what is the relationship of functional attributes with each other?,(iii)how are the functional attributes and their plasticity affected by habitat con-ditions?and(iv)can the functional attributes in single or in com-bination predict the growth rate of tree saplings of TDF?The study was conducted on four sites(Hathinala,Gaighat,Harnakachar and Ranitali,listed in order of decreasing SMC)within the tropical dry deciduous forest in northern *** We analysed eight leaf attributes,specific leaf area(SLA);leaf dry matter content(LDMC);leaf nitrogen concentration(leaf N);leaf phosphorus concentration(leaf P);chlorophyll concentration(Chl);mass-based photosynthetic rate(Amass);mass-based stomatal con-ductance(Gsmass);intrinsic water use efficiency(WUEi)and three growth attributes,relative diameter increment(RDI);relative height increment(RHI);relative growth rate(RGR)of the 10 dominant tree saplings(viz.,Acacia catechu,Anogeissus latifolia,Boswellia serrata,Buchanania lanzan,Diospyros melanoxylon,Hardwickia binata,Lagerstroemia parviflora,Lannea coromandelica,Shorea robusta and Terminalia tomentosa)of a TDF and observed the effects of site,season and species for a period of 2 *** were selected in gradients of ***-wise multiple regression was performed to predict RDI,RHI and RGR from mean values of SMC and leaf *** Findings All the 11 attributes were interrelated and differed significantly among the 10 *** response varied across sites and *** the SMC g

关键词： tropical dry forest soil moisture content deciduousness tree saplings leaf attributes relative growth rate

Oyster Shell Recycling and Bone Waste Treatment Using Plasma Pyrolysis

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Plasma Science and Technology 2006年第6期8卷 712-715页

作者： j.eOuCHAE S.P.KNAK A.N.KNAK H.j.KOO V.ravi Advanced Eco Technology Lab. Department of Mechanical EngineeringINHA University253 Yonghyun-dongNam-guIncheon 402751Korea

Investigations on the recycling plasma pyrolysis technique are presented in 25 kW was employed for the experiments. of oyster shells and bone waste treatment using the this paper. A arc based plasma torch operated at Fresh oyster shells were recycled using the plasma torch to convert them to a useful product such as CaO. Bone waste was treated to remove the infectious organic part and to vitrify the inorganic part. The time required for treatment in both cases was significantly short. Significant reduction in the weight of the samples was observed in both cases.

关键词： plasma pyrolysis oyster shell bone waste recycling solid waste treatment