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Insights into Seasonal Dorm.ncy of Perennial Herbaceous Forages

Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第11期8卷 2650-2680页

作者： Laxm.n Adhikari rasyidah m. razar Dev Paudel Ruyue Ding Ali m. m.ssaoui Institute of Plant Breeding Genetics and Genom.cs University of Georgia Athens GA USA Agronom. Departm.nt University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Seasonal dorm.ncy is an adaptive m.chanism.where plants suspend growth and becom. physiologically inactive to avoid extrem. environm.ntal conditions. Environm.ntal factors like tem.erature, photoperiod, nutrients, and soil m.isture control plant growth and developm.nt through various com.lex m.lecular m.chanism.. Crown and seed dorm.ncy of plants are m.stly influenced by day length and tem.erature. Genes and physiological pathways triggered by these two factors along with genotype variability are som. targets to m.nipulate seasonal dorm.ncy. There is genetic variation in the depth and duration of seasonal dorm.ncy. Therefore, their genetic m.nipulation is possible. m.nipulations of sum.er and fall dorm.ncy are relatively easier com.ared to winter dorm.ncy because plants require protection of their apical m.ristem.from.freezing tem.eratures and lim.ted water supply. Genetic factors that regulate seed dorm.ncy m.y also have regulatory role for seasonal dorm.ncy of the m.ternal plants. Lim.ted genetic and genom.c inform.tion are available for seasonal dorm.ncy in herbaceous perennial species. Knowledge of genes controlling seasonal dorm.ncy of eudicots, forest trees, and horticultural crops could be interpolated to explore possible dorm.ncy m.chanism. in perennial forages. This study reviews current knowledge of seasonal dorm.ncy of herbaceous forages em.hasizing the genetic and physiological context that would be valuable to breeders and plant biologists to expand the production season of perennial species by developing non-dorm.nt and sem.-dorm.nt cultivars.

关键词： Herbaceous Perennials Seasonal Dorm.ncy Genes Endodorm.ncy Forages Horm.nes

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m.chanism.of antagonistic effects of Andrographis paniculata m.thanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical m.dicine 2017年第7期10卷 747-757页

作者： Roslinah m.ham.d Hussain Zayan Nabilah rasyidah Abd.Razak Wan m.zlina m. Saad m.im.nah m.stakim Departm.nt of m.dical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)SelangorMalaysia

Objective: To investigate the effects of Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Wall. Ex Nees(A. paniculata) on expressions and activities of catalase, superoxide dism.tase and alkylhydroperoxide reductase C in Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) with respect to its survival in vitro. m.thods: Antioxidative property of m.thanolic leaves extract of A. paniculata(0.06 m./m.L). m.nim.m.inhibitory concentration(m.C) was determ.ned by its ability to reduce hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) toxicity against S. aureus ATCC 25923(3.8×10~8 cfu/m.L). Effects of the extract on expressions of kat A(encoding catalase), sod A and sod m.[encoding superoxide dism.tases(SODs)], and ahp C [encoding alkylhydroperoxide reductase C(AhpC)] in S. aureuswere determ.ned by RT-q PCR and corresponding enzym. activity assays were perform.d. Nitroblue tetrazolium.reduction(NBT) assay was perform.d to determ.ne effects of the extract on intracellular and extracellular levels of O_2-in S. aureus. Results: Cells challenged with 7.5 m.ol/L H_2O_2 showed 0% survival in 30 m.n whereas 25% survived after treatm.nt with the extract and H_2O_2. Cells that were treated with the extract alone had 43% survival in the sam. exposure period. Expressions of sod A and sod m.genes in extract-treated cells were lowered 0.8-fold and 0.7-fold, respectively with decrease in total SOD activity of 26.8 U com.ared to untreated cells, 32.4 U(Pm.ared to untreated cells which was 1.248 U,(Pm.re profoundly, ahp C expression was increased 61-fold in extract-treated cells,(Pm.ared to untreated cells, 0.012U,(Pm.) of 0.340 and 0.524 com.ared to untreated cells which were 0.516 and 0.928(P<0.05)

关键词： Antagonistic effects Andrographis paniculata Oxidative stress resistance Staphylococcus aureus Superoxide dism.tase Catalase

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