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Passive activity enhances residual control ability in patients with complete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2337-2347页

作者： Yanqing Xiao Mingming Gao Zejia He Jia Zheng Hongming Bai Jia-Sheng rao Guiyun Song Wei Song Xiaoguang Li Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Evaluation China Rehabilitation Research CenterBeijingChina Cardiac Center Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina The State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Engineering China Rehabilitation Science InstituteBeijingChina

Patients with complete spinal cord injury retain the potential for volitional muscle activity in muscles located below the spinal injury ***,because of prolonged inactivity,initial attempts to activate these muscles may not effectively engage any of the remaining neurons in the descending pathway.A previous study unexpectedly found that a brief clinical round of passive activity significantly increased volitional muscle activation,as measured by surface *** this study,we further explored the effect of passive activity on surface electromyographic signals during volitional control tasks among individuals with complete spinal cord *** patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury were *** electromyography data from eight major leg muscles were acquired and compared before and after the passive activity *** results indicated that the passive activity led to an increased number of activated volitional muscles and an increased frequency of *** the cumulative root mean square of surface electromyography amplitude for volitional control of movement showed a slight increase after passive activity,the difference was not statistically *** findings suggest that brief passive activity may enhance the ability to initiate volitional muscle activity during surface electromyography tasks and underscore the potential of passive activity for improving residual motor control among patients with motor complete spinal cord injury.

关键词： complete spinal cord injury cycle training epidural electrical stimulation motor training passive activity physiological state spinal cord circuit surface electromyography volitional control task

Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 779-793页

作者： Guangyong Zhang Qing Yao Chubing Long Pengcheng Yi Jiali Song Luojia Wu Wei Wan Xiuqin rao Yue Lin Gen Wei Jun Ying Fuzhou Hua Department of Anesthesiology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province NanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina

Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. Depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier macrophages monocytes multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation review therapy

Systematical identification of regulatory GPCRs by single-cell trajectory inference reveals the role of ADGRD1 and GPR39 in adipogenesis

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Chuan Ye Xuemei Wang Jun Lin Chenyang Wu Yuhua Gao Chenghao Guo Yunxi Liao Ziyan rao Shaodong Huang Weixuan Chen Ying Huang Jinpeng Sun Dongyu Zhao Changtao Jiang Center of Basic Medical Research Institute of Medical Innovation and ResearchPeking University Third Hospital Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Department of Biomedical Informatics School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling Peking University Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University

Adipogenesis is the healthy expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT),serving as a compensatory response to maintain metabolic homeostasis in the presence of excess energy in the ***,the identification of novel regulatory molecules in adipogenesis,specifically membrane receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs),holds significant clinical *** receptors can serve as viable targets for pharmaceuticals,offering potential for restoring metabolic homeostasis in individuals with *** utilized trajectory inference methods to analyze three distinct single-nucleus sequencing (sNuc-seq) datasets of adipose tissue and systematically identified GPCRs with the potential to regulate *** verification in primary adipose progenitor cells (APCs) of mice,we discovered that ADGRD1 promoted the differentiation of APCs,while GPR39 inhibits this *** the obese mouse model induced by a high-fat diet(HFD),both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies validated that ADGRD1 promoted adipogenesis,thereby improving metabolic homeostasis,while GPR39 inhibited adipogenesis,leading to metabolic ***,through the analysis of 2,400 ChIP-seq data and 1,204 bulk RNA-seq data,we found that the transcription factors (TFs) MEF2D and TCF12 regulated the expression of ADGRD1and GPR39,*** study revealed the regulatory role of GPCRs in adipogenesis,providing novel targets for clinical intervention of metabolic dysfunction in obese patients.

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现象学视域下农村集体经济的本质再诠释

西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版） 2025年第1期25卷 60-68页

作者：李林峰刘启明饶静中国农业大学人文与发展学院北京100083 中共江西省委党校江西经济社会发展战略研究所南昌330108

鉴于当前政策、理论和实践领域对农村集体经济本质缺乏共识,本研究采用胡塞尔现象学的方法论,特别是一般现象学还原、本质还原和先验还原等技术,系统地审视了“农村集体经济应该是什么”这一核心议题。通过全面梳理当前对农村集体经济... 详细信息

鉴于当前政策、理论和实践领域对农村集体经济本质缺乏共识,本研究采用胡塞尔现象学的方法论,特别是一般现象学还原、本质还原和先验还原等技术,系统地审视了“农村集体经济应该是什么”这一核心议题。通过全面梳理当前对农村集体经济的多维认知,从而为其本质探索提供更为宽广的视角。在搁置既有认识的基础上,采用更加开放的态度识别出土地集体所有制是农村集体经济的共相,这一发现为理解其本质提供了关键线索。进一步从源初意向性与结构性剖析农村集体经济,揭示其本质在于注重公正,并凸显了其深厚的社会性和伦理性。这种本体论式反思既验证了马克思主义理论关于集体所有制经济的科学性及其生命力,更展示了中国农村集体经济独有的文化烙印。同时,跨学科的研究方法或为理解农村集体经济提供了新的视角,为推动其持续健康发展提供有益的思考。

关键词：农村集体经济现象学本质

Region-dependent micro damage of enamel under indentation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2012年第6期28卷 1651-1658页

作者： Bing-Bing An rao-rao Wang .Dong-Sheng Zhang rao-rao Wang Dong-Sheng Zhang Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 200072 Shanghai China The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University 200072 Shanghai China Department of Mechanics Shanghai University200444 Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering 200072 Shanghai China

The objective of this investigation is to explore the region-dependent damage behavior of enamel, as well as to develop a good understanding of the deformation mech- anisms of enamel with numerical modeling. Nanoinden- tation experiments have been performed to investigate the load-penetration depth responses for outer and inner enamel. Results show that the unloading curve does not follow the loading curve, and degradation of stiffness in the unloading curve is observed. Based on the experimental data, a physi- cal quantity, the chain density in protein, has been introduced to the Drucker-Prager plastic model. Numerical simulations show that the simulated load-penetration depth curves agree with the experiments, and the stiffness degradation behav- iors of outer and inner enamel are captured by the numerical model. The region-dependent damage behavior of enamel could be revealed by the numerical model. The micro dam- age affected area at inner enamel is larger than that at outer enamel, indicating that the inner enamel experiences more micro damage than the outer one. Compared with its outer counterpart, the inner enamel which is rich in organic protein could break more internal protein chains to dissipate energy and to enhance its resistance to fracture accordingly.

关键词： Enamel. Nanoindentation Damage. Numerical simulation

Nanofluids:Stability,phase diagram,rheology and applications

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 549-555页

作者： Yuanqiao rao Corporate R&D The Dow Chemical Company Freeport 7X 77541 USA

There is no doubt about the potential technological significance of nanofluids. The promising application areas have been identified as effective heat transfer fluids, contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, magnetohyperthermia treatment, precursors to high performance nanocomposites and ordered nanostructures. However, commercial applications are rare, in part due to the limited understanding of the nanofluid fundamentals such as colloid stability, phase diagrams and rheology. This paper intends to provide a brief overview of the scientific disciplines that are important to nanofluids, and the interconnection among different disciplines in order to gain a perspective on the future development of this intriguing area.

关键词： Nanofluids Colloid stability Phase diagram Rheology

Science and technology of atmospheric effects on optical engineering：Progress in 3rd quinquennium of 21st century

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2017年第12期60卷 1771-1783页

作者： rao RuiZhong Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China

Brief introduction with remarks is given for recent work in optical properties of turbulent and turbid atmospheres and their effects on optical engineering. Emphasis about turbulence investigation is paid on spatial structure characteristics of optical turbulence,turbulence profiling with lidar technology, and turbulence prediction based on mesoscale atmospheric model. Discussion of turbid atmosphere study is focused on light scattering by non-spherical aerosol particles, high resolution atmospheric transmittance from solar radiation measurement, total sky imaging with high spectral resolution, and the modulation transfer function of a turbid medium. Key points about light propagation through turbulence include non-Kolmogorov turbulence effects, probability distribution models of scintillation, and combined beam propagation. Atmospheric effects on quantum communication are discussed, and statistical characteristics of atmospheric effects on optical engineering are introduced.

关键词： optical engineering atmospheric effect light propagation turbulence aerosol particles

A review of recent studies on rotating internal cooling for gas turbine blades

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第7期34卷 85-113页

作者： Kirttayoth YERANEE Yu rao Institute of Turbomachinery School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Gas turbines have been used extensively for aircraft and marine propulsions as well as land-based power generation because of their high thermal efficiency and large power to weight *** further increase the thermal efficiency,numerous prior researches on gas turbine blade internal cooling have been intensively carried out,majorly under stationary ***,the stationary studies neglect the effects of Coriolis and buoyancy forces,which should change the velocity,turbulence and temperature distribution under rotating *** elucidate the rotational effects on gas turbine internal cooling,the extensive results collected from recent investigations are discussed,which include the rotation and buoyancy effects on the rib turbulated cooling,pin fin cooling,jet impingement cooling,dimple/protrusion cooling,latticework cooling as well as swirl *** rotational effects on the friction factors and the most employed experimental and numerical methods are also ***,recommendations for future research are ***,this review article provides extensive literature information for the design of the next-generation high-efficiency internal cooling for rotating turbine blades.

关键词： Flow characteristics Gas turbine blade Heat transfer Internal cooling Rotation

Numerical Simulation on Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Biological Tissues Embedded with Liquid Metal Nanoparticles

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第4期31卷 1220-1235页

作者： WANG Dawei rao Wei CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Photothermal therapy is emerging as a very promising way for minimally invasive cancer *** enhance thermal energy deposition of laser in target malignant tissues,liquid metal nanoparticles(LMNPs)have been recently identified as completely unprecedented photothermal sensitizers due to their unique physicochemical properties and superior photothermal conversion rate under near-infrared(NIR)laser ***,there is currently a strong lack of understanding of the laser energy distribution and the transient temperature field within the biological tissues,which would seriously hinder the development of LMNPs assisted photothermal ***,this paper focused on the distinctive photothermal effect of LMNPs embedded in biological tissues under NIR laser *** mathematical model coupling the Monte-Carlo photon transport model with Penne's bioheat transfer model has been *** studies have shown that LMNPs play an important role in enhancing the absorption of NIR laser,which contributes to local temperature rise and improves the temperature *** with the control case without LMNPs,the maximum temperature increases by nearly 1.0 time,the local temperature rise reaches 30℃ in 1.0 *** the diameter and concentration of LMNPs are 40 nm and 1012/mm3,the resulting temperature variation and distribution is best for the effective killing of tumors without damaging normal *** addition,the simulation results are meaningful for guiding the selection of laser irradiation time in conjunction with the cooling time,ensuring the controllable accuracy of *** the best of our knowledge,the present study is one of the first attempts to quantify the influence of transformable LMNPs on the temperature distributions inside the biological tissues,showing important academic significance for guiding LMNPs assisted photothermal treatment.

关键词： Monte-Carlo simulation Penne's bioheat transfer model transformable liquid metal nanoparticles NIR laser photothermal therapy