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测评和学习中的人工智能使用和公平性

招生考试研究

招生考试研究 2022年第1期 1-15页

作者： randy e.bennett 王鼎美国普林斯顿教育测量服务中心上海市教育考试院

本文讨论了测评中的人工智能和公平性问题。当前人工智能运用于教育考试的自动评分，项目生成以及安全保障等方面。人工智能也可运用于人性化学习，如适应性形成性评价中相应内容的生成。这种做法不仅是社会道德层面，也是法律层面的要... 详细信息

本文讨论了测评中的人工智能和公平性问题。当前人工智能运用于教育考试的自动评分，项目生成以及安全保障等方面。人工智能也可运用于人性化学习，如适应性形成性评价中相应内容的生成。这种做法不仅是社会道德层面，也是法律层面的要求。为了满足这种要求，我们必须在测评中构建使用人工智能的方法，提升公平性教育、助力个性化学习。为此，我们应借鉴、适应随不同学生进入校园的多元文化知识及身份认同；允许在测试和学习过程中运用多种表达途径;鼓励深度学习;使用有助于解释的方法。最后,测评开发和人工智能开发人员应致力于解决关键的教育问题,甚至社会问题,并确保在设计意图中时刻贯穿着公平性。

关键词： AI 人工智能测评考试公平性公正性

HeAT STROKe IN SPORTS:CAUSeS,PReVeNTION,AND TReATMeNT

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中国运动医学杂志 2006年第1期25卷 123-127页

作者： e.randy eichner Department of Medicine University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

KeY POINTS Heat stroke is always a risk in summer sports, espe- cially football and running. Heat stroke is typically caused by a combination of hot environment, strenuous exercise, clothing that limits evaporation of sweat, inadequate adaptation to the heat, too much body fat, and/or lack of fitness. early recognition and fast treatment of evolving heat stroke can save lives. Preventing heat stroke hinges on acclimation, hydration, pacing, cooling, and vigilance. Heat stroke is a medical emergency. The life - saving adage is： cool first and transport second.

关键词：运动中署原因预防治疗

ANeMIA AND BLOOD BOOSTING

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中国运动医学杂志 2002年第5期21卷 537-543页

作者： e.randy eichner,M.D. Department of Medicine University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Department of Medicine University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma Oklahoma

Low-cost,simple,and scalable self-assembly of DNA origami nanostructures

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Nano Research 2019年第5期12卷 1207-1215页

作者： Patrick D.Halley randy A.Patton Amjad Chowdhury John C.Byrd Carlos e.Castro Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Division of Hematology Department of Internal Medicineand OSU Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Biophysics Graduate Program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

Despite demonstrating exciting potential for applications such as drug delivery and biosensing,the development of nanodevices for practical applications and broader use in research and education are still hindered by the time,effort,and cost associated with DNA origami *** and robust methods to perform and scale the DNA origami self-assembly process are critical to facilitate broader use and translation to industrial or clinical *** report a simple approach to fold DNA origami nanostructures that is fast,robust,and *** demonstrate fabrication at scales approximately 100-1,500-fold higher than typical *** further demonstrate an approach we termed low-cost efficient annealing (LeAN) self-assembly involving initial heating at 65 ℃ for 10 min,then annealing at 51 ℃ for 2 h,followed by brief quenching at 4 ℃ that leads to effective assembly of a range of DNA origami structures *** contrast to other methods for scaling DNA origami assembly,this approach can be carried out using cheap and widely available equipment (e.g.,hot plates,water baths,and laboratory burners) and uses standard recipes and materials so is readily applied to any existing or new DNA origami *** envision these methods can facilitate device development for commercial applications and facilitate broader use of DNA origami in research and education.

关键词： DNA origami DNA nanotechnology self assembly scalable nanofabrication low cost fabrication nanotechnology education

OsWRKY62 is a Negative Regulator of Basal and Xa21-Mediated Defense against Xanthomonas orvzae pv. orvzae in Rice

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Molecular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 446-458页

作者： Ying Peng Laura e. Bartley Xuewei Chen Christopher Dardick Mawsheng Chern randy Ruan Patrick e. Canlas Pamela C. Ronald Department of Plant Pathology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Present address: Monsanto Corporation Davis CA 95616 USA Present address: USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station Kearneysville WV 25430 USA

The rice Xa21 gene, which confers resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, encodes a receptor-like kinase, Few components involved in transducing the Xa21-mediated defense response have yet been identified. Here, we report that XA21 binds to a WRKY transcription factor, called OsWRKY62. The OsWRKY62 gene encodes two splice variants （OsWRKY62.1 and OsWRKY62.2）. OsWRKY62.1：smGFP2 and OsWRKY62.2：smGFP2 fusion pro- teins partially localize to the nucleus. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsWRKY62.1 are compromised in basal defense and Xa21-mediated resistance to Xoo. Furthermore, overexpression of OsWRKY62.1 suppresses the activation of defenserelated genes. These results imply that OsWRKY62 functions as a negative regulator of innate immunity in rice, and serves as a critical mediator of both basal and race-specific defense responses.

关键词： rice OsWRKY62 Xa21 defense response.

Sickle Cell Trait and the Athlete

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中国运动医学杂志 2007年第4期26卷 493-502页

作者： e. randy eichner, MD University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73111-6657, USA University of Oklahoma Oklahoma City OK 73111-6657 USA

KeY POINTS. Sickle cell trait is an inherited condition of the oxygencarrying protein,hemoglobin,in red blood *** genetic trait is generally benign,but during maximal exercise,the oxygen levels in muscles can decrease sufficiently to cause some of the red cells to change from the normal disk shape to a crescent or sickle *** sickled red ceils can block blood vessels in muscles, kidneys, and other organs and can pose a grave risk for some athletes exercising all-out.

关键词：镰刀细胞性状氧合蛋白血红蛋白红细胞运动员运动生理学

Genetic diversity and population structure of Leptosphaeria maculans isolates in Western Canada

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第11期48卷 994-1006页

作者： Qilin Chen Gary Peng randy Kutcher Fengqun Yu Saskatoon Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaSaskatoonCanada Department of Plant Sciences Crop Development CentreUniversity of SKSaskatoonSKCanada

Leptosphaeria maculans is a serious concern for canola production *** effective disease management,knowledge of the pathogen’s genetic variability and population structure is a *** this study,whole-genome sequencing was performed for 162 of 1590 *** isolates collected in the years 2007e2008 and 2012e2014 in Western *** variants in genome-wide and specific regions including avirulence(Avr)genes were characterized.A total of 31,870 high-quality polymorphic DNA variants were used to study *** genetic diversity and population *** analysis showed that 150 isolates were clustered into 2 main groups and 4 subgroups by DNA variants located in either Avr or small secreted protein-encoding genes and into 2 main groups and 6 subgroups by genome-wide *** analysis of nucleotide diversity and differentiation also confirmed genetic variation within a population and among *** component analysis with genome-wide variants showed that the isolates collected in 2012e2014 were more genetically diverse than those collected in *** structure analysis discovered three distinct *** isolates from Saskatchewan and Alberta were of similar genetic composition,Manitoba isolates were highly ***-wide association study detected DNA variants in genes AvrLm4-7,Lema_T86300,and Lema_T86310 associated with the years of collection.

关键词： Leptosphaeria maculans DNA variants Blackleg Genetic diversity Population structure

Flipped classroom approach to global outreach:cross-cultural teaching of horizontal strabismus to Chinese ophthalmology residents

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2023年第2期16卷 280-285页

作者： randy Lu Ryan e Dodge Ⅲ Jocelyn Lam Laura enyedi Tammy Yanovitch Nandini Gandhi Leona Ding Michelle T Cabrera University of Washington School of Medicine SeattleWA 98195USA Department of Anesthesia Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA eyehealth Northwest PortlandOR 97209USA Department of Ophthalmology Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Ophthalmology University of OklahomaOklahoma CityOK 73019USA Department of Ophthalmology University of California DavisSacramentoCA 95817USA Department of Ophthalmology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Division of Ophthalmology Seattle Children’s HospitalSeattleWA 98105USA

AIM:To evaluate the flipped classroom model for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in an ophthalmology residency program in China as part of a visiting professorship from the United ***:Residents from an ophthalmology residency program in China were invited to participate in flipped classroom sessions taught by an experienced American ophthalmology faculty in *** were instructed to watch a pre-class video lecture prior to the in-class-casebased *** tests(5 Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program style questions)and surveys were administered before and after the classroom sessions(100%response rate).These results were compared to that of an American cohort who were taught the same ***:The Chinese cohort of 12 residents preferred the flipped classroom to the traditional classroom at higher rates than the American cohort of 40 residents(92%vs 55%,P=0.04)and felt that all ophthalmology topics would be appropriate for the flipped classroom teaching style(P-values between 0.008 andese and American cohorts,we found that the exotropia curriculum saw a small but significant improvement in performance following the flipped classroom session(P=0.025 for Chinese residents;P=0.001 for US residents),whereas scores in both groups for the esotropia course did not significantly ***:This is the first study to evaluate the flipped classroom model implemented by a visiting ophthalmology professor in a global outreach *** flipped classroom sessions are viewed favorably by the Chinese residents relative to the US cohort with a modest impact on *** in-person interpreter requirement and increased student engagement make this model valuable in cross-cultural visiting professorship ***,the flipped classroom may lend itself well to a virtual format to prevent the transmission of COVID-19,although such a format requires further study.

关键词： flipped classroom international ophthalmology residency graduate medical education China active learning medical education ophthalmology

Approximation Algorithms for Vertex Happiness

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2019年第3期7卷 429-448页

作者： Yao Xu Yong Chen Peng Zhang randy Goebel Department of Computing Science University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2E8Canada Department of Mathematics Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong UniversityJinan 250101China

We investigate the maximum happy vertices(MHV)problem and its complement,the minimum unhappy vertices(MUHV)*** order to design better approximation algorithms,we introduce the supermodular and submodular multi-labeling(SUP-ML and SUB-ML)problems and show that MHV and MUHV are special cases of SUP-ML and SUB-ML,respectively,by rewriting the objective functions as set *** convex relaxation on the I ovasz extension,originally presented for the submodular multi-partitioning problem,can be extended for the SUB-ML problem,thereby proving that SUB-ML(SUP-ML,respectively)can be approximated within a factorof2-2/k(2/k,respectively),where k is the number of *** general results imply that MHV and MUHV can also be approximated within factors of 2/k and 2-2/k,respectively,using the same approximation *** the MUHV problem,we also show that it is approximation-equivalent to the hypergraph multiway cut problem;thus,MUHV is Unique Games-hard to achieve a(2-2/k-e)-approximation,for anyε>*** the MHV problem,the 2/k-approximation improves the previous best approximation ratio max{1/k,1/(△+1/g(△)},where△is the maximum vertex degree of the input graph and g(△)=(√△+√△+1)2△>4△*** also show that an existing LP relaxation for MHV is the same as the concave relaxation on the Lovasz extension for SUP-ML;we then prove an upper bound of 2/k on the integrality gap of this LP relaxation,which suggests that the 2/k-approximation is the best possible based on this LP ***,we prove that it is Unique Games-hard to approximate the MHV problem within a factor of S2(log2 k/k).

关键词： Vertex happiness Multi-labeling Submodular/supermodular set function Approximation algorithm Polynomial-time reduction Integrality gap