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卫星观测在全球细颗粒物浓度长期暴露评估中的应用

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环境与职业医学 2015年第8期32卷 801-805,F0004页

作者： Aaron van Donkelaar randall v.martin Michael Brauer Brian L.Boys 王晓宇张伊人金泰廙 Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax NovaScofia Canada Harvard-Smithsortian Center for Astrophysics Cambridge Massachusetts USA School of Environmental Health University of British Columbia. Vancouver. British Columbia Canada

[背景]十余年的卫星观测提供了全球细颗粒物（PM2.5）人群暴露趋势和大小的信息。[目的]利用多个卫星的测量值推断的PM：5浓度，建立和改进大气PM2.5质量和趋势的全球暴露评估。[方法]结合3个卫星反演的PM25源数据，得出1998-2012年10km... 详细信息

[背景]十余年的卫星观测提供了全球细颗粒物（PM2.5）人群暴露趋势和大小的信息。[目的]利用多个卫星的测量值推断的PM：5浓度，建立和改进大气PM2.5质量和趋势的全球暴露评估。[方法]结合3个卫星反演的PM25源数据，得出1998-2012年10km×10km尺度上全球PM2．5估计值。对每一个源数据，通过GEOS—Chem化学物运输模型把气溶胶光学厚度总柱反演与近地面PM2.5联系起来，以表示当地的气溶胶光学性能和垂直廓线。从文献中收集210个全球基于地面的PM2.5观测值，用北美和欧洲之外其他地区的测量值来评估基于卫星的估计值。[结果]1998--2012年，全球人口加权的大气PM25浓度每年增加0．55gg／m3（95％CI：0．43～0．67）（2．1％／年；95％CI：1．6％-2．6％）。尽管在一些发达地区PM2.5减少，但在一些发展中地区PM2．s的增加推动了这一全球性的变化。在东亚，PMzs水平高于世界卫生组织（WHO）第一个中期目标35μg／m3的人口比例从1998--2000年的51％上升到2010---2012年的70％。相比之下，北美高于WHO空气质量指南10μg/m3的人口比例，从1998--2000年的62％下降到2010---2012年的19％。北美及欧洲以外地区的卫星反演估计值和地面测量值之间存在关联（r=0．81；n=210；斜率=0．68）。卫星反演的估计值偏低，提示真实的全球浓度可能更高。[结论]卫星观测值提供了大气PM2.5浓度的全球性长期变化的新认识。从这项研究中获得的PM2.5的卫星反演估计值和地面观测值可供公众使用。

关键词：细颗粒物卫星浓度评估长期暴露观测 PM2.5 应用

卫星观测在全球细颗粒物浓度长期暴露评估中的应用(续完)

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环境与职业医学 2015年第9期32卷 898-900页

作者： Aaron van Donkelaar randall v.martin Michael Brauer Brian L.Boys 王晓宇张伊人金泰廙 Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Cambridge School of Environmental Health University of British Columbia

测量仪器、测量方法以及测量位置的差异会制约我们从已公开发表的文献中推导PM2.5浓度的变化趋势,并会影响其与卫星反演值等需要计算地区权重的数据的可比较性。尽管如此,补充材料图S4～S6显示的北京、新德里和科威特三个城市从文献中... 详细信息

测量仪器、测量方法以及测量位置的差异会制约我们从已公开发表的文献中推导PM2.5浓度的变化趋势,并会影响其与卫星反演值等需要计算地区权重的数据的可比较性。尽管如此,补充材料图S4～S6显示的北京、新德里和科威特三个城市从文献中获取的PM2.5浓度实测值与图5的卫星反演估计值的比较仍然具有重要意义。Hyvarinen等（2010）于2007—2010年对新德里进行研究,数据显示卫星反演的年均PM2.5浓度偏低，可能由冬季卫星观测增加所致。

关键词：卫星浓度长期暴露细颗粒物观测 PM2.5 应用评估

室外空气污染、早产和低出生体重：世界卫生组织孕产妇和围产期保健全球调查分析

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环境与职业医学 2014年第12期31卷 988-993页

作者： Nancy L.Fleischer Mario Merialdi Aaron van Donkelaar Felipe vadillo-Ortega randall v.martin Ana Pilar Betran Jo?o Paulo Souza Marie S.O'Neill 王晓宇汪源金泰廙 University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University School of Medicine Universidad NacionalA utónoma de México Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Cambridge University of Michigan School of Public Health

[背景]吸入细颗粒物（颗粒物直径≤2.5μm,PM2.5）能诱发氧化应激和炎症反应,并有可能导致早产和其他不良的围产期结局。[目的]检测2004—2008年,世界卫生组织在全球22个国家中进行的孕产妇和围产期保健调查中,室外PM2.5是否与不良妊娠... 详细信息

[背景]吸入细颗粒物（颗粒物直径≤2.5μm,PM2.5）能诱发氧化应激和炎症反应,并有可能导致早产和其他不良的围产期结局。[目的]检测2004—2008年,世界卫生组织在全球22个国家中进行的孕产妇和围产期保健调查中,室外PM2.5是否与不良妊娠结局相关。[方法]以有新生儿出生的各医疗诊所周围50 km为半径的圆弧缓冲区计算室外PM2.5的长期均值（2001—2006年）。应用广义估计方程确定诊所的PM2.5水平与个体的早产和低出生体重之间的相关性,调整个人、诊所和国家水平的季节性因素及潜在的混杂因素。另外还对各国中的相关性进行了研究。[结果]在所有国家中,调整季节性因素后,PM2.5与早产无关联,但是与低出生体重相关[PM2.5的第四个四分位数段（〉20.2μg/m3）与第一个四分位数（〈6.3μg/m3）相比,比值比（OR）=1.22;95%CI：1.07-1.39]。中国是PM2.5测量值范围最大的国家,早产和低出生体重均仅与PM2.5的最高四分位数段相关,提示可能存在阈值效应（PM2.5≥36.5μg/m3与PM2.5〈12.5μg/m3相比,早产和低出生体重比值比分别为：OR=2.54;CI：1.42-4.55和OR=1.99;CI：1.06-3.72）。[结论]室外PM2.5浓度与低出生体重相关,但与早产不相关。在快速发展的国家中,例如中国,最高的空气污染水平可能与两个结局都相关。

关键词：低出生体重世界卫生组织围产期保健空气污染保健调查孕产妇早产室外

Porphyrinic Acceptors forFullerene-Free MolecularPhotovoltaics

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第2期6卷 276-296页

作者： Jorge Labella Juan Laforga-martin Tomás Torres Department of Organic Chemistry Universidad Aut´onoma de Madrid28049 Madrid Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences Universidad Aut´onoma de MadridMadrid IMDEA—Nanociencia 28049 Madrid

Over the past few years,the development of nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)has become a prominent focus in both organic and perovskite solar cell(OSCs and PSCs,respectively)research *** this context,porphyrinoids,compounds structurally related to porphyrins,have emerged as promising solar cell *** contrast to the widely used fullerene acceptors,porphyrinoids exhibit strong,broad absorption properties across the Uv–vis/NIR spectrum,which can be easily tuned through chemical ***,they can be prepared and derivatized using cost-effective and straightforward methodologies,allowing for convenient adjustments in thin-film morphology,processability,supramolecular organization,and energy ***,these compounds offer higher thermal and photochemical stability,resulting in longer device lifetimes compared to their fullerene-based *** this review,we outline the utilization of porphyrinoids as NFAs in OSCs and PSCs,discussing essential aspects such as design guidelines,molecular properties,and device *** goal is to inspire and further promote the development of n-type porphyrinoids,which have not yet fully unleashed their potential.

关键词： fullerene-free molecular photovoltaics nonfullerene acceptors porphyrinic acceptors n-type porphyrinoids organic and perovskite solar cells

RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis F.de Castro Jarred M.Whitlock Zachary Michel Kristen Pan Jocelyn Taylor vivian Szymczuk Brendan Boyce Daniel martin vardit Kram Rebeca Galisteo Kamran Melikov Leonid v.Chernomordik Michael T.Collins Alison M.Boyce Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on Membrane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Fibrous dysplasia(FD)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established *** evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatment *** this study,we investigated the mechanisms underlying RANKL inhibition in FD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating human FD tissue pre-and post-treatment in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosumab(NCT03571191)and in murine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical *** analysis of human and mouse tissue demonstrated increased osteogenic maturation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in FD lesions after RANKL *** sequencing of human and mouse tissue supported these *** interaction between osteoclasts and mutant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion model,which indicated that the proliferation of abnormal FD osteoprogenitors was dependent on *** results from this study demonstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosumab reduces FD lesion activity by decreasing FD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic maturation,leading to increased bone formation within *** findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of FD pathology and demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of denosumab in the treatment of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatment finding

Current and further trajectories in designing functional materials for solid oxide electrochemical cells:A review of other reviews

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 302-331页

作者： Stanislav Baratov Elena Filonova Anastasiya Ivanova Muhammad Bilal Hanif Muneeb Irshad Muhammad Zubair Khan martin Motola Sajid Rauf Dmitry Medvedev Hydrogen Energy Laboratory Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University BratislavaIlkovicova 6Mlynska Dolina84215 BratislavaSlovakia State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049ShaanxiChina Department of Physics University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Pak-Austria Fachhochschule:Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mang Haripur 22621Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518000GuangdongChina Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry620066 EkaterinburgRussia

Complex oxides are an important class of materials with enormous potential for electrochemical *** on their composition and structure,such complex oxides can exhibit either a single conductivity(oxygen-ionic or protonic,or n-type,or p-type electronic)or a combination thereof gener-ating distinct dual-conducting or even triple-conducting *** properties enable their use as diverse functional materials for solid oxide fuel cells,solid oxide electrolysis cells,permeable membranes,and gas *** literature review shows that the field of solid oxide materials and related electro-chemical cells has a significant level of research engagement,with over 8,000 publications published since *** manual analysis of such a large volume of material is ***,by examining the review articles,it is possible to identify key patterns,recent achievements,prospects,and remaining *** perform such an analysis,the present article provides,for the first time,a comprehensive summary of previous review publications that have been published since 2020,with a special focus on solid oxide materials and electrochemical ***,this study provides an important reference for researchers specializing in the fields of solid state ionics,high-temperature electrochemistry,and energyconversiontechnologies.

关键词： SOFCs SOECs PCFCS Electrochemistry Energy conversion Hydrogen energy,Carbon neutrality

Symptom presentation and evolution in the first 48 hours after injury are associated with return to play after concussion in elite Rugby Union

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 387-397页

作者： Ross Tucker Matt Cross Keith Stokes Lindsay Starling Rosy Hyman Simon Kemp Stephen West martin Raftery Eanna Falvey James Brown Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine(ISEM) Department of ExerciseUniversity of StellenboschTygerberg 7505South Africa World Rugby Ltd. Dublin D02 AE93Ireland Premiership Rugby London SW1V 1PXUK Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in SportUniversity of BathClaverton Down BA27AYUK UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport(UKCCIIS) University of BathClaverton Down BA27AYUK Rugby Football Union London TW27BAUK London School of Tropical Medicine London WC1E 7HTUK Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Department of Medicine School of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCork T12 EC8PIreland Carnegie Applied Rugby Research(CARR)centre Carnegie School of SportLeeds Beckett UniversityLeeds LS63QSUK

Background:Return to play(RTP)in elite rugby is managed using a 6-stage graduated RTP protocol,which can result in clearance to play within 1 week of *** aimed to explore how symptom,cognitive,and balance presentation and evolution during concussion screens 2 h(head injury assessment(HIA2)and 48 h(HIA3)after injury were associated with time to RTP)to identify whether a more conservative graduated RTP may be ***:A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 380 concussed rugby players from elite men’s rugby over 3 consecutive *** were classified as shorter or longer returns,depending on whether RTP occurred within 7 days(allowing them to be considered to play the match 1 week after injury)or longer than 8 days,***,cognitive,and balance performance during screens was assessed relative to baseline(normal or abnormal)and to the preceding screen(improving or worsening).Associations between sub-test abnormalities and RTP time were explored using odds ratios(OR,longer ***).Median day absence was compared between players with abnormal or worsening results and those whose results were normal or ***:Abnormal symptom results during screens 2 h and 48 h after concussion were associated with longer return time(HIA2:OR=2.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.39-3.50;HIA3:OR=3.30,95%CI:1.89-5.75).Worsening symptom number or severity from the time of injury to 2 h and 48 h post-injury was associated with longer return(HIA2:OR=2.49,95%CI:1.36-4.58;HIA3:OR=3.34,95%CI:1.10-10.15).Median days absence was greater in players with abnormal symptom results at both HIA2 and *** and balance performance were not associated with longer return and did not affect median days ***:Symptom presentation and evolution within 48 h of concussion were associated with longer RTP *** may guide a more conservative approach to RTP,while still adhering to individualized concussion management principles.

关键词： Brain injury Concussion management General return to play Medical management

Attenuated retinoic acid signaling is among the early responses in mouse uterus approaching embryo attachment

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生殖与发育医学(英文) 2024年第1期08卷 61-65页

作者： Diao Honglu Xiao Shuo Zhou Tong martin Taylor E. Watford Wendy T. Ye Xiaoqin Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Physiology and Pharmacology College of veterinary Medicine 3. University of Georgia 4. Athens 5. GA 30602 6. USA Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Nevada 9. Reno School of Medicine 10. Reno 11. Nv 89557

The uterus is transiently receptive for embryo implantation. It remains to be understood why the uterus does not reject a semi-allogeneic embryo (to the biological mother) or an allogeneic embryo (to a surrogate) for implantation. To gain insights, we examined uterine early response genes approaching embryo attachment on day 3 post coitum (D3) at 22 hours when blue dye reaction, an indication of embryo attachment, had not manifested in mice. C57BL/6 pseudo-pregnant (control) and pregnant mouse uteri were collected on D3 at 22 hours for microarray analysis. The self-assembling-manifold (SAM) algorithm identified 21,858 unique probesets. Principal component analysis indicated a clear separation between the pseudo-pregnant and pregnant groups. There were 106 upregulated and five downregulated protein-coding genes in the pregnant uterus with fold change (fc) >1.5 andq value vealed 38 significant GO biological process (GOBP) terms (P vation signature. Among the top eight upregulated protein-coding genes,Cyp26a1 inactivates retinoic acid (RA) whileLrat promotes vitamin A storage, both of which are expected to attenuate RA bioavailability;Atp6v0d2 andGjb2 play roles in ion transport and transmembrane transport;Gzmb,Gzmc, andIl2rb are involved in immune responses; andTdo2 is important for kynurenine pathway. Most of these genes or their related pathways have functions in immune regulations. RA signaling has been implicated in immune tolerance and immune homeostasis, and uterine NK cells have been implicated in immunotolerance at the maternal-fetal interface in the placenta. The mechanisms of immune responses approaching embryo attachment remain to be elucidated. The coordinated effects of the early response genes may hold the keys to the question of why the uterus does not reject an implanting embryo

关键词： Embryo attachment Pseudo-pregnant uterus Pregnant uterus Natural killer cell activation signature Retinoic acid bioavailability Transmembrane transport and ion transport

Graphene binding on black phosphorus enables high on/off ratios and mobility

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 188-195页

作者： Fanrong Lin Zhonghan Cao Feiping Xiao Jiawei Liu Jiabin Qiao Minmin Xue Zhili Hu Ying Liu Huan Lu Zhuhua Zhang Jens martin Qingjun Tong Wanlin Guo Yanpeng Liu Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute for Frontier Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Centre for Quantum Physics Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and MeasurementSchool of PhysicsBeijing Institute of Technology Leibniz Institute für Kristallzüchtung

Graphene is one of the most promising candidates for integrated circuits due to its robustness against short-channel effects, inherent high carrier mobility and desired gapless nature for Ohmic contact, but it is difficult to achieve satisfactory on/off ratios even at the expense of its carrier mobility, limiting its device applications. Here, we present a strategy to realize high back-gate switching ratios in a graphene monolayer with well-maintained high mobility by forming a vertical heterostructure with a black phosphorus multi-layer. By local current annealing, strain is introduced within an established area of the graphene, which forms a reflective interface with the rest of the strain-free area and thus generates a robust off-state via local current depletion. Applying a positive back-gate voltage to the heterostructure can keep the black phosphorus insulating, while a negative back-gate voltage changes the black phosphorus to be conductive because of hole accumulation. Then, a parallel channel is activated within the strain-free graphene area by edge-contacted electrodes, thereby largely inheriting the intrinsic carrier mobility of graphene in the on-state. As a result, the device can provide an on/off voltage ratio of >10～3 as well as a mobility of ～8000 cm2v-1s-1at room temperature, meeting the low-power criterion suggested by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.

关键词： graphene on/off ratio mobility black phosphorus reflective interface