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Metabolizable energy,nitrogen balance,and ileal digestibility of amino acids in quality protein maize for pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第4期5卷 461-470页

作者： Gerardo Mariscal-Landin Tercia Cesaria Reis de Souza Ericka ramirez Rodriguez CENID Fisiologia Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuariaskm 1 Carretera a Ajuchitlan76280 QueretaroMexico Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Autonoma de QueretaroMexicoAv.de las Ciencias s/n76230 QueretaroMexico

Background：To compare the nutritional value and digestibility of five quality protein maize（QPM） hybrids to that of white and yellow maize,two experiments were carried out in growing *** experiment 1,the energy metabolizability and the nitrogen balance of growing pigs fed one of five QPM hybrid diets were compared against those of pigs fed white or yellow *** experiment 2,the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility（AID and SID,respectively） of proteins and amino acids from the five QPM hybrids were compared against those obtained from pigs fed white and yellow *** both experiments,the comparisons were conducted using ***：The dry matter and nitrogen intakes were higher in the pigs fed the QPM hybrids（P 〈 0.05） than in the pigs fed white or yellow *** digestibility（P 〈 0.001） and metabolizability（P 〈 0.01） were higher in the pigs fed the white and yellow maize diets than in those fed the QPM *** AID of lysine was higher（P〈 0.01） in the QPM diets than in the white and yellow *** AIDs of leucine,isoleucine,valine,phenylalanine,and methionine were lower in the QPM diets than those of maize（white and yellow）（all P 〈 0.05）.Maize（white and yellow） had greater SIDs of leucine,isoleucine,valine,phenylalanine,glutamic acid,serine,alanine,tyrosine,and proline（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions：Based on these results,it was concluded that QPM had a lower metabolizable energy content and a higher amount of digestible lysine than normal maize.

关键词： Amino acids Energy balance Maize Nitrogen balance Pigs

Antibacterial activities of mangrove leaf endophytic fungi from Luzon Island,Philippines

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Studies in Fungi 2020年第1期5卷 320-331页

作者： ramirez CSP Notarte KIR dela Cruz TEE The Graduate School University of Santo TomasEspaña Blvd.1008 ManilaPhilippines Fungal Biodiversity Ecogenomics and Systematics GroupResearch Center for the Natural and Applied SciencesUniversity of Santo TomasEspaña Blvd.1008 ManilaPhilippines Department of Biological Sciences College of ScienceUniversity of Santo TomasEspaña Blvd.1008 ManilaPhilippines

Fungi associated with mangroves are untapped sources of bioactive secondary *** this study,628 mangrove leaf endophytic fungi(MLEF)were recorded from 19 mangrove hosts collected from the provinces of Zambales,Batangas,Cavite,and Quezon in Luzon Island,*** MLEF morphospecies were identified as belonging to the genera Aspergillus,Cladosporium,Colletotrichum,Fusarium,Nigrospora,Penicillium,Pestalotiopsis,Phialophora,and *** revealed that the MLEF crude culture extracts were promisingly potent against the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus(ZOI>19 mm)with no or partial activity against the gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas *** findings showed that mangrove leaf endophytic fungi are potential sources of bioactive compounds.

关键词： bioactivities fungal endophytes mangrove forests secondary metabolites

An Inexact Proximal Method with Proximal Distances for Quasimonotone Equilibrium Problems

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2017年第4期5卷 545-561页

作者： Lennin Mallma ramirez Erik Alex Papa Quiroz P.R.Oliveira Coordenação dos Programas de Pós-gaduação em Engenharia-Programa de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computação Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio of JaneiroBrazil Mayor de San Marcos National University LimaPeru

In this paper,we propose an inexact proximal point method to solve equilibrium problems using proximal distances and the diagonal *** some natural assumptions on the problem and the quasimonotonicity condition on the... 详细信息

关键词： Equilibrium problems Quasimonotonicity Proximal distance Proximal method

Comparison between linseed expeller and canola expeller on concentrate intake,and circulating inflammatory mediators in Holstein calves

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第1期6卷 47-53页

作者： Pedro Melendez Romina ramirez Maria P.Marin Mario Duchens Pablo Pinedo College of Veterinary Medicine University of GeorgiaTiftonGA31793USA College of Veterinary Medicine University Santo TomasVina del MarChile College of Veterinary Medicine University of ChileSantiagoChile Department of Animal Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA College of Veterinary Medicine University of MissouriColumbiaMO 61203USA

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of linseed and canola expeller on average daily weight gain(ADG),concentrate intakes,incidence of diarrhea,serum haptoglobin,interleukin(IL)-1,and resolvin-E1 in female Holstein calves from birth to weaning.A sample size of 20 calves per group was calculated and were randomly allocated at the time of *** group(LIN)was fed a starter with linseed expeller,while canola group(CAN)received a similar concentrate,but with canola *** expellers were included at a rate of 25%dry matter(DM)basis of the *** waste milk was fed twice a day until *** were weighed at birth,30,and 60 d of *** intake was evaluated daily from 5 to 60 d.A blood sample was obtained at birth,14,28,35,and 49 d of age,and bovine serum resolvin-El,haptoglobin,and IL-1 were assayed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)*** of diarrhea and the duration of the events were also *** effect of the interaction group by time on body weight(BW)and starter intake was not significant(P>0.05).Average daily gains(ADG)from 0 to 60 d for CAN and LIN groups were 0.680 and 0.675 kg/d(P>0.05),*** of diarrhea were 25%and 45%for CAN and LIN groups,respectively(P=0.18).LIN group had greater concentrations of IL-1 at d 21,haptoglobin at d 7,and resolving-El at d 14 and 49 than CAN group,*** is concluded that BW at weaning,ADG,and concentrate intakes were not different between groups fed starters containing linseed or canola expeller(25%inclusion).The concentrations of cytokines and haptoglobin were the greatest in LIN group.

关键词： Linseed expeller Omega-3 fatty acids Calf Daily gain Diarrhea

Safe reinforcement learning for multi-energy management systems with known constraint functions

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2023年第2期12卷 86-102页

作者： Glenn Ceusters Luis ramirez Camargo Rüdiger Franke Ann Nowé Maarten Messagie ABB Hoge Wei 271930 ZaventemBelgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB) ETEC-MOBIPleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB) AI-labPleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development-Utrecht University Princetonlaan 8a3584CB UtrechtNetherlands

Reinforcement learning(RL)is a promising optimal control technique for multi-energy management *** does not require a model a priori-reducing the upfront and ongoing project-specific engineering effort and is capable of learning better representations of the underlying system ***,vanilla RL does not provide constraint satisfaction guarantees—resulting in various potentially unsafe interactions within its *** this paper,we present two novel online model-free safe RL methods,namely SafeFallback and GiveSafe,where the safety constraint formulation is decoupled from the RL *** provide hard-constraint satisfaction guarantees both during training and deployment of the(near)optimal *** is without the need of solving a mathematical program,resulting in less computational power requirements and more flexible constraint function *** a simulated multi-energy systems case study we have shown that both methods start with a significantly higher utility compared to a vanilla RL benchmark and Optlayer benchmark(94,6%and 82,8%compared to 35,5%and 77,8%)and that the proposed SafeFallback method even can outperform the vanilla RL benchmark(102,9%to 100%).We conclude that both methods are viably safety constraint handling techniques applicable beyond RL,as demonstrated with random policies while still providing hard-constraint guarantees.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Constraints Multi-energy systems Energy management system

Smart Contract to Traceability of Food Social Selling

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 4703-4728页

作者： Cristian Valencia-Payan JoséFernando Grass-Ramírez Gustavo ramirez-Gonzalez Juan Carlos Corrales University of Cauca Calle 5#4-70190003Popayan-CaucaColombia

Traditionally,food sustainability has been considered solely in the stage of agricultural ***,globalization,the expansion of the food production industry,and the emergence of supermarket chains that control the retail food market require specific significant changes in supply chains in the food sector and,therefore,we need to address the economic,social,and environmental impacts of these *** the other hand,social selling has increased rapidly in recent years,with a further boom,following current events related to the coronavirus disease(COVID-19).This explosion of social sales,where there are usually no control and regulation entities,can bring problems associated with mishandling *** this paper,we expose how Blockchain technology supports the traceability of social sales by validating the data provided by the chain participants such as digital health passports,production and transport data in the sale process;the proposed solution generates recommendations on productmanagement considering the agreements previously made by the network *** evaluate the proposed smart contracts,we useHyperledger Caliper,obtaining an average throughput of 12.6 transactions per second and an average latency of 0.3 s for the asset update *** also use a study case to evaluate the proposed project platform’s selling-transport stage using Internet of Things(IoT)sensors.

关键词： Blockchain reliability smart contracts social selling traceability artisan sweets

Feasibility of the 2-point method to determine the load-velocity relationship variables during the countermovement jump exercise

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 544-552,F0003页

作者： Alejandro Pérez-Castilla Rodrigo ramirez-Campillo John F.T.Fernandes Amador García-Ramos Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranada 18011Spain Human Performance Laboratory Department of Physical Activity SciencesUniversidad de Los LagosSantiago 5170000Chile Centro de Investigacion en Fisiologıa del Ejercicio Facultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiago 8580745Chile Higher Education Sport Hartpury UniversityHartpury GL193BEUK Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning Faculty of EducationUniversidad Catolica de la Santısima ConcepcionConcepcion 4090541Chile

Purpose:This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of load-velocity(L-V)relationship variables obtained through the 2-point method using different load combinations and velocity ***:Twenty men performed 2 identical sessions consisting of 2 countermovement jumps against 4 external loads(20 kg,40 kg,60 kg,and80 kg)and a heavy squat against a load linked to a mean velocity(MV)of 0.55 m/s(load_(0.55)).The L-V relationship variables(load-axis intercept(L_(0)),velocity-axis intercept(v_(0)),and area under the L-V relationship line(A_(line)))were obtained using 3 velocity variables(MV,mean propulsive velocity(MPV),and peak velocity)by the multiple-point method including(20-40-60-80-load_(0.55))and excluding(20-40-60-80)the heavy squat,as well as from their respective 2-point methods(20-load_(0.55)and 20-80).Results:The L-V relationship variables were obtained with an acceptable reliability(coefncient of variation(CV)≤7.30%;intra-class correlation coefficient>0.63).The reliability of L_(0)and v_(0)was comparable for both methods(CV_(ratio)(calculated as higher value/lower value):1.11-1.12),but the multiple-point method provided Al_(ine)with a greater reliability(CV_(ratio)=1.26).The use of a heavy squat provided the L-V relationship variables with a comparable or higher reliability than the use of a heavy countermovement jump load(CV_(ratio):1.06-1.19).The peak velocity provided the load-velocity relationship variables with the greatest reliability(CV_(ratio):1.15-1.86)followed by the MV(CV_(ratio):1.07-1.18),and finally the *** 2-point methods only revealed an acceptable validity for the MV and MPV(effect size≤0.19;Pearson s product-moment correlation coefficient≥0.96;Lin's concordance correlation coefficient≥0.94).Conclusion:The 2-point method obtained from a heavy squat load and MV or MPV is a quick,safe,and reliable procedure to evaluate the lower-body maximal neuromuscular capacities through the L-V relationship.

关键词： Force-velocity relationship Mean velocity Multiple-point method Peak velocity Velocity-based training

A look at the ASEAN-NDI: building a regional health R&D innovation network

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 135-144页

作者： Jaime C Montoya Carina L Rebulanan Nico Angelo C Parungao Bernadette ramirez Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development(DOST-PCHRD) Taguig CityPhilippines UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR) World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland

Globally,there are growing efforts to address diseases through the advancement in health research and development(R&D),strengthening of regional cooperation in science and technology(particularly on product discovery and development),and implementation of the World Health Assembly Resolution 61.21(WHA61.21)on the Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health,Innovation,and Intellectual Property(GSPA-PHI).As such,the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)is responding to this through the establishment of the ASEAN-Network for Drugs,Diagnostics,Vaccines,and Traditional Medicines Innovation(ASEAN-NDI).This is important in the ASEAN considering that infectious tropical diseases remain prevalent,emerging,and reemerging in the *** paper looks into the evolution of the ASEAN-NDI from its inception in 2009,to how it is at present,and its plans to mitigate public health problems regionally and even globally.

关键词： ASEAN-NDI Health research and development Infectious tropical diseases Innovation network Strategic business plan

Intercropping effect on root growth and nitrogen uptake at different nitrogen levels

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 380-389页

作者： Javier ramirez-Garcia Helle J.Martens Miguel Quemada Kristian Thorup-Kristensen Dpto.Producción Vegetal:Fitotecnia ETSI AgrónomosAvd.Complutense s/nUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of CopenhagenHøjbakkegaards Alle 13DK-2630TaastrupDenmark

Aims Intercropping legumes and non-legumes may affect the root growth of both components in the mixture,and the non-legume is known to be strongly favored by increasing nitrogen(N)*** knowledge of how root systems affect the growth of the individual species is useful for understanding the interactions in intercrops as well as for planning cover cropping *** aim of this work was(i)to determine if different levels of N in the topsoil influence root depth(rD)and intensity of barley and vetch as sole crops or as an inter-cropped mixture and(ii)to test if the choice of a mixture or the N availability in the topsoil will influence the N uptake by deep *** In this study,we combined rhizotron studies with root extraction and species identification by microscopy with studies of growth,N uptake and 15N uptake from deeper soil layers,for studying the root interactions of root growth and N foraging for barley(Hordeum vul-gare l.)and vetch(Vicia sativa l.),frequently grown in mixtures as cover crops.N was added at 0(N0),50(N1)and 150(N2)kg N ha−*** roots discrimination relying on the anatomical and morphologi-cal differences observed between dicots and monocots proved to be a reliable method providing valuable data for the *** Findingsthe intercrop and the barley attained slightly higher root intensity(rI)and rD than the vetch,with values around 150 crosses m−1 and 1.4 m,respectively,compared to 50 crosses m−1 and 0.9 m for the *** deep soil layers,intercropping showed slightly larger rI values compared to the sole-cropped *** barley and the intercropping had larger root length density(r D)values(200-600 m m−3)than the vetch(25-130)at 0.8-1.2 m *** topsoil N supply did not show a clear effect on the rI,rD or r D;however,increasing topsoil N favored the proliferation of vetch roots in the intercropping at deep soil layers,with the barley:vetch root ratio ranging from 25 at N0 to 5 at *** N uptake of the barley was

关键词： grasses legumes cover crops crop mixture root discrimination labeled N