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Hepatitis B virus subgenotype A1 predominates in liver disease patients from Kerala,India

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9294-9306页

作者： Deepak Gopalakrishnan Mark Keyter Kotacherry Trivikrama Shenoy Kondarappassery Balakumaran Leena Lakshmikanthan Thayumanavan Varghese Thomas KR Vinayakumar Charles Panackel Arun T Korah ramesh nair Anna Kramvis Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme Department of Internal Medicine School of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Parktown Johannesburg 2193 South Africa Department of Gastroenterology Medical College Trivandrum 695011 India Population Health and Research Institute Trivandrum 695011 India Government Rajaji Hospital Madurai Medical College Madurai 625002 India Department of Gastroenterology Calicut Medical College PO Calicut 673008 India

AIM:To molecularly characterize hepatitis B virus(HBV)isolates from Kerala and to relate them to the clinical manifestation of ***:Sera and clinical data were collected from91 patients diagnosed with chronic HBV infection and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HBV from44 HCC,22 cirrhotic and 25 chronic hepatitis patients were genotyped by sequencing of the complete S region or by restriction fragment length polymorphism *** basic core promoter/precore region was *** complete surface DNA sequences were assembled and aligned manually,and then compared with the sequences of HBV of genotypes(A-J)from *** evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method and the evolutionary distances computed using the Kimura 2-parameter *** was performed using 1000 *** TaqMan BS-1 probe was used to quantify HBV DNA at a lower detection limit of approximately20 IU/*** variables were compared using an independent Student’s t ***χ2test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical *** differences were considered statistically significant at P<***:Irrespective of disease status,the predominant genotype was A(72%);95%belonging to subgenotype A1,followed by genotypes D(27%)and C(1%).HCC patients infected with subgenotype A1were significantly younger than those infected with *** A1762T/G1764A was significantly associated with HCC in both genotypes A and *** G1862T was more frequent in subgenotype A1(P<0.0001),and in combination with A1762T/G1764A,it was significantly associated with HBV from HCC *** C1766T/T1768A was significantly associated with genotype A(P=0.05)and HCC(P=0.03).The preS2start codon M1T/I mutation was unique to genotype A strains(15.6%)from all disease groups and occurred at a higher frequency in isolates from HCC patients(P=0.076).A higher frequency of preS deletion mutants(33.3%)was observed in genotype A from HC

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis Chronic hepatitis Phylogenetic analysis Genotype India

Hybrid approach for loss recovery mechanism in OBS networks

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Chinese Optics Letters 2014年第4期12卷 21-25页

作者： ramesh P.G.V. Prita nair Anna University Department of Electronics and Communication St. Joseph's College of Engineering Optical Research and Networks Lab Department of Physics SSN College of Engineering

This letter reports a study of a hybrid burst assembly and a hybrid burst loss recovery scheme （delay-based burst assembly and hybrid loss recovery （DBAHLR）） which selectively employs proactive or reactive loss recovery techniques depending on the classification of traffic into short term and long term, respectively. Traffic prediction and segregation of optical burst switching network flows into the long term and short term are conducted based on predicted link holding times using the hidden Markov model （HMM）. The hybrid burst assembly implemented in DBAHLR uses a consecutive average-based burst assembly to handle jitter reduction necessary in real-time applications, with variations in burst sizes due to the non-monotonic nature of the average delay handled by additional burst length thresholding. This dynamic hybrid approach based on HMM prediction provides overall a lower blocking probability and delay and more throughput when compared with forward segment redundancy mechanism or purely HMM prediction-based adaptive burst sizing and wavelength allocation （HMM-TP）.

关键词： OBS over Hybrid approach for loss recovery mechanism in OBS networks HMM FSR

An Assessment of Potential Economic Gain from Weather Forecast Based Irrigation Scheduling for Marginal Farmers in Karnataka, Southern State in India

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第5期12卷 503-512页

作者： Rakesh Vasudevan nair ramesh Kalidas Vasanthakumar Eeanki Venkata Surya Prakasa Rao CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute (CSIR 4PI) Formerly CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation (C-MMACS) Bangalore India

This study is aimed to assess the usefulness of weather forecasts for irrigation scheduling in crops to economize water use. The short-term gains for the farmers come from reducing costs of irrigation with the help of advisory for when not to irrigate because rain is predicted (risk-free because the wrong forecast only delays irrigation within tolerance). Here, a quantitative assessment of saving (indirect income) if irrigation is avoided as rain is imminent (as per forecast), using a five-year archived forecast data over Karnataka state at hobli (a cluster of small villages) level is presented. Estimates showed that the economic benefits to the farmers from such advisories were significant. The potential gain in annual income from such forecast-based irrigation scheduling was of the order of 10% - 15%. Our analysis also indicated that the use of advisory by a small percentage of more than 10 million marginal farmers (landholding < 3 acres) in Karnataka could lead to huge cumulative savings of the order of many crores.

关键词： Agro-Advisories Economic Assessment Environmental Benefits Irrigation Scheduling Weather Forecast Models Weather Informatics

Heat-tolerant maize for rainfed hot,dry environments in the lowland tropics:From breeding to improved seed delivery

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The Crop Journal 2023年第4期11卷 986-1000页

作者： Pervez H.Zaidi Madhumal Thayil Vinayan Sudha K.nair Prakash H.Kuchanur ramesh Kumar Shyam Bir Singh Mahendra Prasad Tripathi Ayyanagouda Patil Salahuddin Ahmed Aamir Hussain Atul Prabhakar Kulkarni Passang Wangmo Mitchell R.Tuinstra Boddupalli M.Prasanna International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Hyderabad 502324India University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur 584104KarnatakaIndia ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research Ludhiana 141001BiharIndia National Maize Research Program RampurChitwan 44200Nepal Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute Dinajpur-5201Bangladesh Maize and Millet Research Institute YusafwalaSahiwal 57000Pakistan Agriculture Research and Development Centre Wengkhar 43001Bhutan Institute of Plant Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya

Climate change-induced heat stress combines two challenges:high day-and nighttime temperatures,and physiological water deficit due to demand-side drought caused by increase in vapor-pressure *** is one of the major factors in low productivity of maize in rainfed stress-prone environments in South Asia,affecting a large population of smallholder farmers who depend on maize for their sustenance and *** International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)maize program in Asia,in partnership with public-sector maize research institutes and private-sector seed companies in South Asian countries,is implementing an intensive initiative for developing and deploying heat-tolerant maize that combines high yield potential with resilience to heat and drought *** the integration of novel breeding tools and methods,including genomics-assisted breeding,doubled haploidy,fieldbased precision phenotyping,and trait-based selection,new maize germplasm with increased tolerance to heat stress is being developed for the South Asian *** a decade of concerted effort has resulted in the successful development and release of 20 high-yielding heat-tolerant maize hybrids in CIMMYT genetic *** public–private partnerships,eight hybrids are presently being deployed on over 50,000 ha in South Asian countries,including Bangladesh,Bhutan,India,Nepal,and Pakistan.

关键词： Climate change Drought Heat stress Lowland tropics Maize Vapor pressure deficit

使用一种高分子合成鞣剂进行不浸酸铬鞣皮革清洁化生产

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北京皮革（中外皮革信息版）（中） 2007年第4期 82-87页

作者： J.RAGHAVA RAO M. KANTHIMATHI P. THANIKAIVELAN K. J. SREERAM R. ramesh S. Ramalingam N. K. Chandrababu B. U. nair T. Ramasami 郝霞（译）

针对各个行业污染物排放的环保法规日益严格，促使研究人员尝试开发环境友好的技术。在制革工业中，常规的铬鞣工序排放出了大量的铬、总溶解固体和氯化物。因此，制革者一直在寻找产品加工的新方法，实现低污染物排放和高吸收铬鞣的目... 详细信息

针对各个行业污染物排放的环保法规日益严格，促使研究人员尝试开发环境友好的技术。在制革工业中，常规的铬鞣工序排放出了大量的铬、总溶解固体和氯化物。因此，制革者一直在寻找产品加工的新方法，实现低污染物排放和高吸收铬鞣的目的。本文开发了一种高分子合成鞣剂，通过它，能够使用碱式硫酸铬商业产品进行不浸酸铬鞣。针对山羊皮和母牛皮，本文设计了一种简便的鞣制工艺，这种方法可以将铬的吸收率提高至90％以上。尽管这种工艺是一个高反应性的体系，但是，从显微分析可以看出，鞣制的革中没有铬的物理沉积。铬在厚奶牛皮内的分布是均匀的，与常规方法鞣制的革差不多，即使是在减少用量的情况下，也是如此。此外，这种新颖的产品加工方法可以将鞣制废液中的化学需氧量（COD）、总溶解固体（TDS）和氯化物分别减少50％、80％和98％。该工艺生产的皮革丰满、柔软，其收缩温度与常规的铬鞣革差不多。这种综合的生产工艺减少了化工材料、水、时间和能量的消耗。因此，本文开发的这种新型的产品加工工艺不仅具有减少污染负荷的优势，而且在技术经济上也是可行的。

关键词：不浸酸铬鞣清洁化生产合成鞣剂高分子皮革污染物排放鞣制工艺总溶解固体