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Genetic gains in wheat in Turkey: Winter wheat for dryland conditions

The Crop Journal 2017年第6期5卷 533-540页

作者： Mesut Keser Nurberdy Gummadov Beyhan Akin Savas Belen Zafer Mert Seyfi Taner Ali Topal Selami Yazar Alexey Morgounov ram chandra sharma Fatih Ozdemir International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Yenimahalle Ankara 06170 Turkey International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Yenimahalle Ankara 06170 Turkey Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute Tepebasi Eskisehir 26005 Turkey Central Research Institute for Field Crops Ankara 06170 Turkey Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute Konya 42050 Turkey Department of Field Crops Faculty of Agriculture Selcuk University Konya 42030 Turkey International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Tashkent Uzbekistan

Wheat breeders in Turkey have been developing new varieties since the 1920 s, but few studies have evaluated the rates of genetic improvement. This study determined wheat genetic gains by evaluating 22 winter/facultative varieties released for rainfed conditions between 1931 and2006. The study was conducted at three locations in Turkey during 2008-2012, with a total of 21 test sites. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates in2008 and 2009 and three replicates in 2010-2012. Regression analysis was conducted to determine genetic progress over time. Mean yield across all 21 locations was 3.34 t ha^(-1) but varied from 1.11 ha^(-1) to 6.02 t ha^(-1) and was highly affected by moisture stress. Annual genetic gain was 0.50% compared to Ak-702, or 0.30% compared to the first modern landmark varieties. The genetic gains in drought-affected sites were 0.75% compared to Ak-702 and0.66% compared to the landmark varieties. Modem varieties had both improved yield potential and tolerance to moisture stress. Rht genes and rye translocations were largely absent in the varieties studied. The number of spikes per unit area decreased by 10% over the study period,but grains spike^(-1) and 1000-kemel weight increased by 10%. There were no significant increases in harvest index, grain size, or spike fertility, and no significant decrease in quality over time. Future use of Rht genes and rye translocations in breeding programs may increase yield under rainfed conditions.

关键词： Genetic gain Rainfed wheat production Winter wheat Yield

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Wheat Stripe Rust Virulence and Varietal Resistance in the Foot Hill Himalayas of Nepal

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2015年第7期5卷 477-485页

作者： Sarala sharma Etienne Duveiller chandra Bahadur Karki Dhruba Bahadur Thapa ram chandra sharma Arun Kumar Joshi Plant Pathology Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council Lalitpur 44700 Nepal CIMMYT Global Wheat Program Apdo Postal 6-641 Mexico 06600 DF Mexico Agriculture Botany Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council Lalitpur 44700 Nepal ICARDA Central Asia and the Caucasus Regional Program Tashkent 10000 Uzbekistan CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office Kathmandu 44600 Nepal

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst） is an important disease of wheat （Triticum aestivum） in Nepal, which is a part of the Himalayas stretching over the North of Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bhutan and beyond. Wheat production plays a crucial role in food security of the marginal hill farmers of Nepal. Frequent epidemics of the rust have caused huge loss in farmer＇s field. Periodic monitoring during 1980-2008 showed that changes in virulence occurred during this period. The objective of this study was to evaluate Pst resistance and its effective genes in wheat genotypes. For this, trap nurseries, wheat stripe rust differentials, commercial cultivars and advanced breeding lines were tested under artificial epiphytotic and natural hot spots conditions during 2005 to 2010. Four genes （Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and YrSp） consistently showed resistance to the prevailing races. The gene Yr9 and Yr27 in combinations with Yrl8 were found effective. Other lines with combination of minor genes were also found effective. The genotypes Amadina, Kukuna, Tukuru, Kakatsi and Buck Buck widely used in breeding program were resistant. The cultivation of varieties WK1204, Gautam, Gaura and Dhaulagiri have ensured genetic diversity for the rust resistance and slowed down frequent occurrence of epidemics. The findings of these studies could help in developing effective varietal resistance program in the sub-continent.

关键词： Puccinia striiformis resistance virulence stripe rust Triticum aestivum wheat.

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Ethanol steam reforming study over ZSM-5 supported cobalt versus nickel catalyst for renewable hydrogen generation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第3期27卷 677-684页

作者： Ashutosh Kumar ram Prasad Yogesh chandra sharma Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi

The renewable hydrogen generation through ethanol steam reforming is one of the anticipated areas for sustainable hydrogen generation. To elucidate the role of Ni and Co with ZSM-5 support, catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method and ethanol steam reforming(ESR) was performed. The catalysts were characterized by HR-XRD, ATR–FTIR, HR-SEM, TEM with SAED, EDAX, surface area analyzer and TPR. It had shown complete ethanol conversion at 773 K, but the selectivity in hydrogen generation was found higher for 10% Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst as compared to 10% Co/ZSM-5. The 10% Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst has about 72% hydrogen selectivity at temperature 873 K. It indicates that Ni is a more sustainable catalyst as compared to Co with ZSM-5 support for ESR. The C_2H_4 was found major undesirable products up to 823 K temperature. Nevertheless, the 10% Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst had shown its stability for high temperature(873 K) ESR performance.

关键词： Ethanol steam reforming Zeolite Hydrogen Renewable energy Catalyst

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Effect of heavy metals and phenol on bacterial decolourisation and COD reduction of sucrose-aspartic acid Maillard product

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第1期25卷 172-180页

作者： Sangeeta Yadav ram chandra Department of Environmental Microbiology School for Environmental SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)

Melanodins are amino-carbonyl complex, predominantly present in sugarcane molasses based distillery wastewater as major source of colourant. The microbial decolourisafion of melanoidin is a challenge due to its binding property with other co-pollutants of distillery waste. Results revealed that the presence of Zn2＋（2.00-20.00 mg/L） in melanoidin solution （1200 mg/L） stimulated the bacterial growth and sucrose-aspartic acid Maillard product （SAA） decolourisation as compared to control, while Fe3＋ and Mn2＋ at the same concentration inhibited the process. However, the presence of phenol （100 mg/L） along with Zn2＋, Fe3＋ and Mn2＋ suppressed the bacterial growth, SAA decolourisation and MnP activity. The shrinkage and reduced number of bacterial cell count at higher concentration of heavy metals in presence of phenol was also observed under scanning electron microscope.

关键词： degradation manganese peroxidase melanoidin

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Syntrophic co-culture of Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia for degradation of kraft lignin discharged from rayon grade pulp industry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 229-238页

作者： Sangeeta Yadav ram chandra Department of Environmental Microbiology School for Environmental Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)

In order to search the degradability of kraft lignin, the potential bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis（GU193980） and Klebsiella pneumoniae（GU193981） were isolated, screened and applied in axenic and co-culture conditions. Results revealed that mixed culture showed better decolorization efficiency（80%） and reduction of pollution parameters（COD 73% and BOD62%） than axenic culture. This indicated syntrophic growth of these two bacteria rather than any antagonistic effect. The HPLC analysis of degraded samples of kraft lignin has shown the reduction in peak area compared to control, suggesting that decrease in color intensity might be largely attributed to the degradation of lignin by isolated ***, the GC-MS analysis showed that most of the compounds detected in control were diminished after bacterial treatment. Further, the seed germination test using Phaseolus aureus has supported the detoxification of bacterial decolorized kraft lignin for environmental safety. All these observations have revealed that the developed bacterial co-culture was capable for the effective degradation and decolorization of lignin containing rayon grade pulp mill wastewater for environmental safety.

关键词： Degradation GC-MS Kraft lignin Seed germination test Syntropic

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Fabrication of Self-cleaning Antireflective Polymer Surfaces by Mimicking Underside Leaf Hierarchical Surface Structures

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第3期16卷 400-409页

作者： Srinadh Mattaparthi chandra Shekhar sharma Creative & Advanced Research Based on Nanomaterials (CARBON) Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineerings Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Telangana 502285 India

In this work, we utilized underside of four different plant leaves with different scale of hierarchical surface roughness to fabricate large area self-cleaning antireflective polymer surfaces. A simple and precise two-step soft-lithography replica molding technique was deployed by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer as a replicating material. In the first step, a negative PDMS replica was fabricated by using the underside of an original leaf as a template material. In the second step, a positive PDMS replica was fabricated through a negative PDMS replica used as a template. In order to study the non-wetting and light trapping properties, as-replicated polymer surfaces were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), contact angle goniometer, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. SEM images confirmed the successful replication of complex hierarchical structures while contact angle measurement studies established retaining high non-wetting properties in polymer replicas. Optical studies suggest near zero reflection in normal mode and less than 5% diffuse reflection when measured using integrated sphere mode. These results have been correlated and explained with the air-liquid fraction and roughness factor as measured using three-dimensional optical profilometer.

关键词： biomimicking natural leaf replica molding non-wetting light trapping hierarchical roughness

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Regularized luni-solar gravity dynamics on resident space objects

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Astrodynamics 2021年第2期5卷 91-108页

作者： Harishkumar Sellamuthu ram Krishan sharma Agnikul Cosmos Private Limited Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India Department of Aerospace Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and SciencesCoimbatore641114India

Resident space object population in highly elliptical high perigee altitude(>600 km)orbits is significantly affected by luni-solar *** regularization,an analytical orbit theory with luni-solar gravity effects as third-body perturbations in terms of Kustaanheimo-Stiefel regular elements is *** tests with different cases resulted in good accuracy for both short-and long-term orbit *** is observed that the luni-solar perturbations affect the accuracy of the analytical solution *** analytical theory is tested with the observed orbital parameters of the few objects in highly elliptical *** analytical evolution of osculating perigee altitude is found to be concurrent with observed *** perturbation,when compared with lunar perturbation,is established to be dominant over such orbits.

关键词： luni-solar perturbations regularization Kustaanheimo-Stiefel(KS)transformation

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Some Observations about the MOLSCAT

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2015年第12期64卷 731-734页

作者： Mohit Kumar sharma Monika sharma Suresh chandra School of Studies in Physics Jiwaji University Physics Department Lovely Professional University

For calculation of cross sections for collisional transitions between rotational levels in a molecule,a computer code,MOLSCAT is *** the transitions between rotational levels in H_2 CS due to collisions with He atom,we have calculated cross sections under the CS approximation,for example,for total energy 11 cm^(-1).The calculations have been done for the single energy 11 cm"1 and for ten *** have found that the cross sections for the single energy 11 cm^(-1),differ from those in the first seven combinations,but are in agreement with those in the last three *** reason for the difference in the results appears that the MOLSCAT uses the intermediate data of calculations for one energy,in the calculations for other *** agreement with the last three combinations may be understood that when the energy of combination is in the decreasing trend,the cross sections for the first(common)energy are *** may be suggested to run the MOLSCAT for a single energy at a time.

关键词： ISM: molecules collisional transitions MOLSCAT

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Potential of biocontrol agents against Ganoderma lucidum causing basal stem rot in mesquite(Prosopis cineraria)in arid regions of India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第3期32卷 1269-1279页

作者： Ritu Mawar Deepesh sharma Ladhu ram ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute Jodhpur 342003India College of Horticulture and Forestry JhalarapatanJhalawar 326001India

This study investigates the potential of native biocontrol agents(BCAs)as controls against Ganoderma lucidum causing root rot mortality in Indian *** disease is prevalent in sandy soils where trees grow under rainfed *** addition,a beetle namely A canthophorus serraticornis damages the roots,resulting in increasing vulnerability of the host thereby allowing easy of the *** dual culture tests,Ganoderma infected cowpea root bit experiment and compatibility with insecticides revealed that the three BCAs(Trichoderma longibrachiatum,***,and Aspergillus nidulans)significantly inhibited *** mycelial *** highest mycelial growth inhibition(47.6%)was recorded after 96 h followed by 39.8%and 29.3%at 72 and 48 h,respectively,by *** free filtrates of ***,***,and *** were superior in inhibiting mycelium growth.A low concentration(3 ml)of *** was more effective in inhibiting mycelium growth compared to other *** P rosopis julifl ora compost and onion residue compost amendments as food substrates favored the growth of these BCAs,which ultimately reduced the viability of Ganoderma-colonized root bits of *** on compatibility between insecticides and BCAs suggests that ***,harzianum and *** can be combined with phorate or chloropyriphos(both organophosphates)at variable concentrations if amended together for partially infected trees,or as a prophylactic measure in healthy *** studies demonstrate that there is considerable opportunity for using native BCAs against *** in managing root rot disease.

关键词： Trichoderma longibrachiatum Trichoderma harzianum Aspergillus nidulans Prosopis cineraria Onion residues Prosopis juliflora compost

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An efficient algorithm to clip a 2D-polygon against a rectangular clip window

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2022年第1期37卷 147-158页

作者： Sushil chandra Dimri Umesh Kumar Tiwari Mangey ram Department of Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era(Deemed to be University)DehradunUttarakhandIndia

Polygon clipping is of great importance in computer *** of the popular algorithms to clip a polygon is Cohan–Sutherland Hodgeman algorithm which is based on line ***–Sutherland Hodgeman algorithm clips the polygon against the given rectangular clip window with the help of line clipping ***–Sutherland algorithm requires traversing the polygon in anti clockwise direction(positive orientation).In this work we propose an efficient polygon clipping algorithm against a rectangular clip *** algorithm uses parametric representation of polygon *** the concept of point clipping,we can find required intersection points of edges of polygon with clip window *** suited numerical illustrations are used to explain the proposed polygon clipping *** proposed algorithm is computationally less expensive and comprehensive.

关键词： point clipping polygon clipping clip window line segment computational complexity

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